Factores ambientales y genéticos asociados al consumo de psicofármacos en mujeres adultas. Un estudio de gemelos de base poblacional / Environmental and genetic factors associated with psychoactive medication use in adult females. A population-based twin study

Introducción: Nuestro objetivo es determinar la prevalencia de consumo de psicofármacos, en una muestra de mujeres adultas, relacionándolo con variables sociodemográficas y con la presencia de trastornos mentales. Adicionalmente se pretende analizar la contribución relativa de factores ambientales y genéticos a dicho consumo. Método: La muestra consiste en una cohorte, de base poblacional, formada por 437 parejas de gemelas nacidas entre 1940 y 1966. La información se recoge a través de entrevista individual que incluye situación laboral, nivel de estudios, situación de pareja, menopausia, presencia de trastorno mental y consumo de psicofármacos. Se utilizan modelos de regresión logística y se aplica el diseño clásico de estudios de gemelos para estimar la contribución relativa de factores genéticos y ambientales a la variación interindividual. Resultados: En el último mes, el 34,0% de las mujeres entrevistadas habían consumido algún tipo de psicofármaco. El consumo aumenta con la edad, en mujeres inactivas laboralmente, menopáusicas, y que refieren haber padecido trastorno mental. Al controlar por edad, el efecto de todas las variables, a excepción de la presencia de patología, perdía significación. La heredabilidad estimada del consumo de psicofármacos es de un 52%. Esta estimación es similar (46%) para el consumo de las dos categorías estudiadas. Conclusiones: El consumo de psicofármacos en la muestra analizada es elevado. Este consumo se asocia, principalmente a la presencia de trastornos mentales y a la edad. Aproximadamente la mitad de la variación interindividual en el consumo de psicofármacos es atribuible a factores genéticos, mientras que el resto se debería a factores ambientales exclusivos de cada individuo (AU)

Introduction: Our objective is to determine the prevalence and factors associated to psychotropic medication consumption in a sample of adult females. Additionally, this study seeks to analyze the relative contribution of environmental and genetic factors to psychoactive medication use. Method: Sample consists of a population-based cohort comprising 437 pairs of female twins born between 1940 and 1966. Information is collected through individual interviews, and it includes employment status, educational level, partner status, menopause, presence of mental disorders and psychoactive medication use. Logistic regression models are applied. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to interindividual variation is analyzed through the classical twin design. Results: In the past month, 34.0% of the women interviewed had consumed psychoactive medication. Consumption increases with age, in women out of the labor market, menopausal, and reporting a history of mental disorders. When controlling for age, all variables lost significance, except the presence of mental health problems. Heritability estimates for psychoactive medication use was 52%. This estimate is similar (46%) for consumption in the two categories studied. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of psychoactive medication use in this sample. This consumption is mainly associated with age and presence of mental disorders. About half of the interindividual variation in psychotropic medication use is attributable to genetic factors, while the rest of the variance would be due to environmental factors unique to each individual (AU)

[Environmental and genetic factors associated with psychoactive medication use in adult females. A population-based twin study]. / Factores ambientales y geneticos asociados al consumo de psicofarmacos en mujeres adultas. Un estudio de gemelos de base poblacional.

INTRODUCTION: Our objective is to determine the prevalence and factors associated to psychotropic medication consumption in a sample of adult females. Additionally, this study seeks to analyze the relative contribution of environmental and genetic factors to psychoactive medication use. METHOD: Sample consists of a population-based cohort comprising 437 pairs of female twins born between 1940 and 1966. Information is collected through individual interviews, and it includes employment status, educational level, partner status, menopause, presence of mental disorders and psychoactive medication use. Logistic regression models are applied. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to interindividual variation is analyzed through the classical twin design. RESULTS: In the past month, 34.0% of the women interviewed had consumed psychoactive medication. Consumption increases with age, in women out of the labor market, menopausal, and reporting a history of mental disorders. When controlling for age, all variables lost significance, except the presence of mental health problems. Heritability estimates for psychoactive medication use was 52%. This estimate is similar (46%) for consumption in the two categories studied. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of psychoactive medication use in this sample. This consumption is mainly associated with age and presence of mental disorders. About half of the interindividual variation in psychotropic medication use is attributable to genetic factors, while the rest of the variance would be due to environmental factors unique to each individual.

Eficacia de lamotrigina en un caso de trastorno de despersonalización resistente / The efficacy of lamotrigine in a resistant case of depersonalization disorder

Cuando sufre despersonalización, el individuo se queja espontáneamente de la vivencia de que su propia actividad mental, su cuerpo, su entorno o todos ellos, están cualitativamente transformados, de manera que se han vuelto irreales, lejanos o mecánicos. Este fenómeno está asociado frecuentemente con otros trastornos mentales, como en el caso que presentamos. Entre los muchos fármacos estudiados, ninguno ha mostrado ser el tratamiento de elección. Entre aquellos que han obtenido mejores resultados están los antagonistas de los receptores de los opioides, la combinación de inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de la serotonina con lamotrigina, y la clorimipramina. Presentamos un caso resistente que respondió a lamotrigina (AU)

The individuals with depersonalizattion disorder suffer from a painful feeling that their body and mental experiences or the experiences of the environment seem become unreal, distant or mechanical. This phenomenon is often associated with other mental disorders, as in the case presented. Among the many psychoactive drugs studied, none of them has been shown to be the treatment of choice. Among those with which the best results are obtained are opioid receptor antagonists, the combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with lamotrigine and clorimipramine. We are presenting a resistant case that responded to lamotrigine(AU)

The efficacy of lamotrigine in a resistant case of depersonalization disorder.

The individuals with depersonalizattion disorder suffer from a painful feeling that their body and mental experiences or the experiences of the environment seem become unreal, distant or mechanical. This phenomenon is often associated with other mental disorders, as in the case presented. Among the many psychoactive drugs studied, none of them has been shown to be the treatment of choice. Among those with which the best results are obtained are opioid receptor antagonists, the combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with lamotrigine and clorimipramine. We are presenting a resistant case that responded to lamotrigine.