Medicamentos inductores a reacciones cutáneas severas reportados en países de Iberoamérica / Severe cutaneous adverse reactions drugs reported in Ibero-American countries

Objetivos: Identificar los medicamentos inductores a reacciones adversas cutáneas severas que se han reportado hasta el año 2020 en países de Iberoamérica, identificando los medicamentos inductores que se asocian a cada síndrome (SSJ, NET, DRESS y PEAG). Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, no experimental. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica relacionada a los medicamentos inductores de reacciones adversas cutáneas severas en Iberoamérica, expuesta en la base de datos PubMed, Scopus, Scielo y Google académico, limitando la búsqueda a artículos publicados en español y sin límites de tiempo. 27 de 574 publicaciones identificaron los medicamentos inductores a reacciones adversas cutáneas severas, excluyendo los casos de estas reacciones en las que no se especificó su asociación secundaria a medicamentos. Resultados: Los hallazgos incluyeron reportes de los siguientes países: Argentina, Costa Rica, Guatemala, México, Paraguay, Ecuador, Perú y España. Entre los medicamentos inductores a reacciones adversas cutáneas severas reportados, se incluyeron aquellos pertenecientes a diversos grupos terapéuticos: anticonvulsivos, AINES, inhibidores de la xantina oxidasa, antimicrobianos, antirretrovirales, sales de oro y antagonistas de canales de calcio, todos ellos con un pronóstico entre grave y mortal. Conclusiones: Se determinó que los medicamentos inductores a reacciones adversas cutáneas severas comprendieron una amplia variedad, pertenecientes a diversos grupos terapéuticos, siendo los más frecuentes: anticonvulsivantes, alopurinol y algunos antibióticos. No se observó una tendencia específica de algún medicamento por país o región. (AU)

Aim: Identify induce severe skin reaction´s drugs that have been reported up to 2020 in Iberoamerican countries, recognizing the associated drugs with each syndrome (SSJ-NET, DRESS and AGEP). Data selection and methodology: A retrospective, non-experimental study was performed based on a systematic review of the medical literature related to induce sever skin reation´s drugs available in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and Google scholar. The search and data selection were limited on reviewed articles published in Spanish, with no time limit. 27 of 574 clinical cases identified the drugs that induce serious skin reactions, excluding the cases of patients with skin reactions that do not specify whether they are secondary to drugs. Results: The findings included the report from the following countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Ecuador, Peru and Spain. The reported drugs that cause server skin reactions, belong to the following therapeutic groups: anticonvulsants, antibacterials, antiretrovirals, minocycline, lamotrigine, gold sales, beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, antifungals, calcium channel blockers, protease inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen; presenting pharmacological interactions, all of them between serious and fatal prognosis. Conclusions: When comparing the findings, it was determined that the drugs that cause server skin reactions belong to many diverse therapeutic groups, being the more frequently: anticonvulsants, alopurinol and some antibiotics. No specific tendency was found related on a specific drug reported on the analyzed countries. (AU)

Unraveling the effects on lithium-ion cathode performance by cation doping M-Li2CuO2 solid solution samples (M = Mn, Fe and Ni).

Cation doping is one of the most dynamic strategies to enhance the electrochemical properties of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the maximum partial substitution capacity depends on the solubility of each metal ion, and so the formation of impurities is a very common consequence. Thus, the correlation between electrochemical performance and the doping effect is frequently unknown. In this study, the effect of the partial substitution of copper by manganese, iron or nickel in Li2CuO2 is evaluated, as well as the effect on the electrochemical performance of the modified Li2CuO2 samples as lithium ion battery cathode materials. XRD characterization confirmed single phase formation for all samples, and the incorporation of the transition metal in the Li2CuO2 structure was evaluated by XRD profile fitting, EPR and 7Li-NMR. The results showed modifications in intra- and inter-chain interactions, associated with the variations in the Cu-O-Cu bond angle and changes in magnetic order, due to the presence of the doping transition metal. Among all samples, only manganese partial substitution reveals a drastic improvement in the electrochemical stability during the charge/discharge processes even at potentials higher than 3.9 V. It was corroborated that the higher stability is attributed to (i) the increase in the superexchange interactions between the copper sites and manganese, directly modifying lithium diffusivity and electronic conductivity, both inferred from dynamic thermogravimetric analysis for CO2 sorption and conductivity tests, respectively and (ii) the lower propensity to enable O2 evolution during several charge cycles. These results are totally attributed to manganese cation partial substitution, which has a huge impact on the utilization of copper-based materials in real applications.

Identification and Discrimination of Brands of Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Neural Networks Algorithm in Forensic Research.

The detection of adulteration of fuels and its use in criminal scenes like arson has a high interest in forensic investigations. In this work, a method based on gas chromatography (GC) and neural networks (NN) has been developed and applied to the identification and discrimination of brands of fuels such as gasoline and diesel without the necessity to determine the composition of the samples. The study included five main brands of fuels from Spain, collected from fifteen different local petrol stations. The methodology allowed the identification of the gasoline and diesel brands with a high accuracy close to 100%, without any false positives or false negatives. A success rate of three blind samples was obtained as 73.3%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of this methodology to help in resolving criminal situations.

First Report of the Armillaria Root-Disease Pathogen, Armillaria gallica, Associated with Several Woody Hosts in Three States of Mexico.

In September 2007, rhizomorphs with morphological characteristics of Armillaria were collected from woody hosts in forests of Mexico State, Veracruz, and Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on pairing tests, isolates were assigned to five somatically compatible genets or clones (MEX7R, MEX11R, MEX23R, MEX28R, and MEX30R). These genets were all identified as Armillaria gallica based on somatic pairing tests against known tester isolates and nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1α (tef-1α; GenBank Accession Nos. KF156772 to 76). Sequences of tef-1α for all genets showed a max identity of 97 to 99% to A. gallica (ST23, JF313125) (3,4). However, A. gallica comprises a genetically diverse complex that likely represents multiple cryptic species (3). In Mexico, this species has been previously reported in northeastern Morelos on Quercus sp., eastern Mexico State on Pinus hartwegii, and southwestern Mexico State on Prunus persica (1,2). This study identified associations with 10 new hosts within three states of Mexico, but only five hosts were diseased. Genet MEX7R comprised seven isolates collected in the University of Chapingo forest near Texcoco, Mexico State (19°18'10.764″ N, 98°42'14.147″ W, elevation 3441 m). Four MEX7R isolates were collected from diseased Alnus sp. including the root ball of a 130 cm dbh, root-disease killed tree, one isolate from a symptomless Senecio sp. s.l. (Roldana sp.) shrub and two isolates from symptomless Abies religiosa. Genet MEX11R comprised four isolates from a cloud forest near Xalapa, Veracruz (19°31'14.628″ N, 96°59'22.812″ W, elevation 1496 m). MEX11R isolates were collected from the roots of a root-disease killed Carpinus caroliniana, and from trees with no obvious symptoms (Miconia mexicana, Quercus xalapensis, and Liquidambar styraciflua). Two isolates of genet MEX23R were collected from the Jardin Botanico Francisco Javier Clavijero, Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz (19°30'49.067″ N, 96°56'32.999″ W, elevation 1344 m). These isolates were from root-diseased Eriobotrya japonica (non-native fruit tree) that showed obvious symptoms (flaccid, chlorotic, and senescing leaves) and from an adjacent, infected Platanus mexicana that did not show readily observable symptoms. Two collections near Oaxaca, Oaxaca, included a single isolate MEX28R from the root ball of a recently root disease-killed Arbutus xalapensis within a small root disease center at Peña Prieta, in Parque La Cumbre, near Ixtepeji (17°09'42.084″ N, 96°38'15.936″ W, elevation 2853 m) and a single isolate MEX30R from the base of an asymptomatic Alnus acuminata near the El Carrizal fish hatchery 10 km northeast of San Miguel del Valle (17°06'45.036″ N, 96°24'03.743″ W, elevation 2594 m). Armillaria gallica has a circumpolar distribution with an extremely wide host range, and its ecological behavior varies greatly. Continued surveys are needed to better understand the distribution and ecological impacts of this pathogen in relation to Armillaria root disease in Mexico and the potential influences of climate change. Although A. gallica displays diverse ecological behavior, trees infected with A. gallica are less likely to survive the stresses of human activity and a changing climate (4). References: (1) D. Alvarado-Rosales and R. A. Blanchette. Phytopathology 84:1106, 1994. (2) R. D. Elias-Roman et al. For. Pathol. 43:390, 2013. (3) M.-S. Kim et al. Phytopathology 102:S4.63, 2012. (4) B. Marcais and N. Breda. J. Ecol. 94:1214, 2006.

[Seeking tuberculosis care in Chiapas, Mexico]. / La búsqueda de atención para la tuberculosis en Chiapas, México.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the process of seeking tuberculosis care and this process's impact on treatment adherence in the Mexican state of Chiapas, given that the two primary factors in successful tuberculosis (TB) control programs are early diagnosis and adherence to TB treatment. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study using group interviews with 11 groups of patients in three of the nine socioeconomic regions of the state of the Chiapas (Altos, Centro, and Fronteriza). RESULTS: The patients applied a variety of approaches in seeking care. The patients reported considerable delays in diagnosis due to problems that the patients themselves had and because of shortcomings in the care they received from the formal health care system. The treatment options that they followed were the result of their perceptions of the causes of TB and of the variety of traditional medical practices accepted in their communities. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of knowledge about TB encourages people to consider various alternatives for their care. Tuberculosis control in Chiapas requires an optimal utilization of the health services that exist in the state as well as a program of health education. TB control in Chiapas must take into account the social, cultural, and economic reality of the population.

A Canadian multicenter study of three fixed doses of controlled-release ipsapirone in outpatients with moderate to severe major depression.

Ipsapirone, an azapirone with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1A) partial agonist activity, has been shown in preliminary studies to be effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder. This 8-week, randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of three fixed doses of controlled-release ipsapirone (10-, 30-, and 50-mg dose once daily) with placebo in 410 patients with moderate to severe major depression (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D] score > or = 20). The 10-mg ipsapirone treatment arm was discontinued early in the study. A total of 390 patients were eligible for evaluation in the intent-to-treat sample. The primary efficacy variable was the change in HAM-D total score from baseline to visit 8. There was no significant difference in efficacy in the two treatment groups versus the placebo group. The overall treatment response, defined as a 50% decrease in the HAM-D total score from baseline, was 43% with ipsapirone 50 mg given once daily, 34% with ipsapirone 30 mg given once daily, and 35% with placebo. In subanalyses, ipsapirone 50 mg given once daily was superior to placebo according to the HAM-D Core Depression (mood, guilt, interest, psychomotor activity) subtotal (p = 0.0453) and Melancholic item (p = 0.0225). Ipsapirone 30 mg given once daily was superior to placebo only in patients with moderate depression (baseline HAM-D total score < or = 25; p = 0.0100). The most common adverse effect in all groups was headache. The only dose-dependent adverse effects were dizziness and nausea.

Mixed anxiety and depression: from theory to practice.

The 10th International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) introduced the concept of mixed anxiety-depression to define patients presenting both anxiety and depressive symptoms of limited number and/or intensity, not sufficiently severe to fulfill criteria for a specific diagnosis of depressive or anxiety disorder. Epidemiologic surveys have shown that these patients may display significant levels of functional impairment, have unexplained somatic symptoms and a high use of nonpsychiatric medical care, have long-lasting symptoms, and are at risk for more severe psychiatric disorders. A DSM-IV field trial concluded that patients with affective-symptoms not meeting thresholds for DSM-III-R disorders were at least as common as patients with anxiety or mood disorders, and that their symptoms were associated with significant distress or impairment. Although some of these patients present residual symptoms from previous psychiatric episodes and may request treatment specific to these conditions, it is not known if those without a psychiatric history could benefit from pharmacologic or psychological treatments usually used in mild outpatient cases.

[Epidermoid cyst of the testis. Report of 2 cases]. / Quiste epidermoide del testiculo. Comunicacion de dos casos.

We report 2 patients with epidermoid cyst of the testis. Clinical, histological and echographic aspects are discussed. A radical orchyectomy was performed in one patient, a partial one in the other. A successful outcome followed in each case.

A computational method for approximate evaluation of ionization constants from potentiometric data.

A general equation is given for the evaluation of proton dissociation constants from potentiometric data. The method is applicable to monobasic acids, and also polybasic acids, where the successive dissociation steps may or may not overlap. A computer program was employed for the calculations. The method was tested by evaluation of the constants for 22 acids, from monobasic to octobasic, with satisfactory agreement with literature data.

Spectrophotometric determination of indium in nickel alloys and zinc ores with 1-(2-pyridylmethylideneamine)-3-(salicylideneamine)thiourea.

A sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of indium with 1-(2-pyridylmethylideneamine)-3-(salicylideneamine)thiourea is proposed. A yellow complex is formed at pH 4.5 (succinate buffer) in a medium containing 40% dimethylformamide, and the absorbance is measured at 415 nm. The molar absorptivity is 6.2 x 10(4)l.mole(-1).cm(-1). The relative standard deviation of the procedure is 1.5%. The method has been applied to determination of indium in a nickel alloy and three zinc ores, with prior isolation of indium by co-precipitation with ammonia and extraction into n-butyl acetate from 5M hydrobromic acid.

Asymmetric derivatives of carbohydrazide and thiocarbohydrazide as analytical reagents.

The synthesis and analytical properties of two asymmetric derivatives of carbohydrazide and thiocarbohydrazide with pyridine and phenol have been studied. The compounds tested are 1-(2-pyridylmethylideneamino)-3-(salicylideneamino)urea and 1-(2-pyridylmethylideneamino)-3-(salicylideneamino) thiourea. The analytical utility of these reagents is outlined. A spectrophotometric method for determining the formation constants of the complexes is described.