Long-term Recurrence and Progression Patterns in a Contemporary Series of Patients with Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder With or Without Associated Ta/T1 Disease Treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: Implications for Risk-adapted Follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder managed according to current clinical practice guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To assess the patterns of recurrence, progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in patients with CIS, and to compare the effectiveness of adequate versus inadequate bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective analysis of 386 patients with CIS of the bladder with or without associated pTa/pT1 disease treated with BCG between 2008 and 2015. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Kaplan-Meier estimations and an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-Cox regression were performed to compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and UTUC incidence over time for patients who received adequate versus inadequate BCG treatment. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The median follow-up was 70.5 mo. At 5 and 10 yr, RFS was 82% and 52%, PFS was 93.6% and 75.8%, and UTUC incidence was 1.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Most recurrence (73.6%) and progression (69.1%) events occurred in the first 3 yr of follow-up, while 38.7% of UTUC incident events were recorded after 5 yr of follow-up. IPTW-Cox regression revealed that patients who received BCG treatment had a lower risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.34), progression (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.87), and UTUC incidence (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.64). Limitations include the retrospective design and potential selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CIS of the bladder show a high risk of recurrence, progression, and UTUC incidence. Most of these outcomes occur during the first 3 yr of follow-up, but a significant proportion of the events occur at long-term follow-up. Although receipt of adequate BCG treatment improves outcomes, intensive and long-term surveillance may be warranted. PATIENT SUMMARY: We investigated the long-term cancer control outcomes for patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS; cancerous cells that have not spread from where they first formed) of the bladder. Patients with CIS have a high risk of cancer recurrence and progression. Treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) improves outcomes.

Laparoscopic Management of Chylous Leakage Using a Direct Lymph Node Injection with Methylene Blue as a Leakage Point Location Strategy in a Patient with Retroperitoneal Extragonadal Seminoma.

Background: The first-line treatment in cases of chylous leakage is conservative, and operation should be considered only in patients who fail to respond to this treatment. The main clinical concern is the difficulty of intraoperative localization of the site of leakage that can affect surgical outcome. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of abdominal pain and weight loss. CT scan revealed enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy was performed owing to the suspicion of lymphoproliferative disease, with a pathological result of nonspecific adenitis. Because of persistence of pain, an abdominal CT scan showed a large left retroperitoneal fluid collection that was found to be compatible with chyle after drainage. Conservative treatment was established, but because of its failure, surgical management was attempted by the laparoscopic approach. Intraoperative direct lymph node injection of methylene blue was used as a leakage point location strategy that allows selective ligation of the site of leakage. Thereafter a gradual reduction in chyle output to zero was observed. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach could be a feasible and successful method for the management of chyle leakage in patients refractory to conservative treatment. Intraoperative direct lymph node injection of methylene blue could be a useful technique to facilitate detection of the site of leakage during operation.

[Laparoscopic renal cryotherapy: preliminary experience]. / Crioterapia renal laparoscópica: experiencia inicial.

OBJECTIVE: Renal cryotherapy has been described as a minimally invasive procedure that represents an alternative for selected patients with small renal tumors. Our preliminary experience with this procedure is reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: [corrected] Eighteen patients with 21 tumors with a mean tumor size of 2.2 cm (1-4) in the preoperative CT scan underwent renal cryotherapy using a double freeze-thaw cycle. The group consisted of 14 males (64%) and 4 females (18% with a mean age of 68 years (32-84). All patients had undergone prior surgery for renal tumor in the treated or the opposite kidney. A transperitoneal laparoscopic approach was used in all patients. RESULTS: Mean operating time was 196 minutes (120-140), and no patient received transfusions during or after surgery. No complications occurred in 14 patients (64%). Perirenal abscess, splenic laceration, ureteral lesion, and polar artery lesion occurred in one patient each. Peroperative biopsy was performed in 5 patients (22.7%) and was positive for renal cancer in two cases, while material was insufficient in three patients. Mean hospital stay was 6 days (2-16). Creatinine levels were 106 mg% (48-230) before surgery and 123 mg/% (52-270) 6 months after surgery. A CT scan was performed in all patients one and six months after surgery, showing a residual enhancement area in two of them. Sixteen patients (88.8%) are disease-free after a mean follow-up time of 46 months (6-116). Metastatic disease occurred in two patients (11%) in the setting of a prior renal tumor in the same or the opposite kidney and required treatment with antiangiogenic agents. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest series reporting renal cryosurgery in Spain, in complex cases and with adequate follow-up. Results are encouraging and allow for considering renal cryotherapy among the minimally invasive procedures for nephron-sparing surgery.

Crioterapia renal laparoscópica: experiencia inicial / Laparoscopic renal cryotherapy: preliminary experience

Objetivo: La crioterapia renal se ha descrito como una técnica mínimamente invasiva que constituye una alternativa para pacientes seleccionados con tumores renales de pequeño tamaño. Presentamos nuestra experiencia preliminar con este procedimiento. Material y métodos: Dieciocho pacientes (21 tumores) con un tamaño medio de 2,2 cm (1-4) en TC prequirúrgico se trataron mediante crioterapia renal con doble ciclo de congelación. Catorce (64%) varones y 4 (18%) mujeres con una edad media de 68 años (32-84). Todos los pacientes habían tenido cirugías previas: 3 por tumor renal en el riñón que recibió el tratamiento o en el contralateral. El abordaje fue laparoscópico transperitoneal en todos los pacientes. Resultados: La media de tiempo operatorio fue de 196 min (120-420) y ningún paciente recibió transfusión intra o postoperatoria. No presentaron complicaciones 14 (64%) pacientes, y hubo un absceso perirrenal en 1 caso, laceración esplénica (1), lesión ureteral (1) y lesión de la arteria polar (1). Se realizó biopsia peroperatoria en 5 (22,7%) casos, que resultó positiva para carcinoma renal en 2 casos y material insuficiente en 3. La estancia media fue de 6 días (2-16). Los valores de creatinina preoperatorios fueron de 106 mg/% ( 48-230) y a los 6 meses de 123 mg/% (52-270). En todos los pacientes se realizó una tomografía computariza al mes y a los 6 meses de la cirugía; en 2 de ellos había una zona hipercaptante residual. Con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 46 meses (6-116), 16 (88,8%) pacientes se encuentran libres de enfermedad. En 2 (11%) casos apareció enfermedad metastásica en el contexto de un enfermedad previa tumoral en el mismo riñón o en el contralateral, que requirió tratamiento con antiangiogénicos. Conclusiones: Se trata de la serie más amplia en nuestro país, en casos complejos y con un buen seguimiento. Los resultados son prometedores y permiten considerar la crioterapia del tumor renal dentro de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas de cirugía conservadora renal (AU)

Objective: Renal cryotherapy has been described as a minimally invasive procedure that represents an alternative for selected patients with small renal tumors. Our preliminary experience with this procedure is reported. Material y methods: Eighteen patients with 21 tumors with a mean tumor size of 2.2 cm (1-4) in the preoperative CT scan underwent renal cryotherapy using a double freeze-thaw cycle. The group consisted of 14 males (64%) and 4 females (18% with a mean age of 68 years (32-84). All patients had undergone prior surgery for renal tumor in the treated or the opposite kidney. A transperitoneal laparoscopic approach was used in all patients. Results: Mean operating time was 196 minutes (120-140), and no patient received transfusions during or after surgery. No complications occurred in 14 patients (64%). Perirenal abscess, splenic laceration, ureteral lesion, and polar artery lesion occurred in one patient each. Peroperative biopsy was performed in 5 patients (22.7%) and was positive for renal cancer in two cases, while material was insufficient in three patients. Mean hospital stay was 6 days (2‑16). Creatinine levels were 106 mg% (48-230) before surgery and 123 mg/% (52-270) 6 months after surgery. A CT scan was performed in all patients one and six months after surgery, showing a residual enhancement area in two of them. Sixteen patients (88.8%) are disease-free after a mean follow-up time of 46 months (6-116).Metastatic disease occurred in two patients (11%) in the setting of a prior renal tumor in the same or the opposite kidney and required treatmet with antiangiogenic agents. Conclusions: This is the largest series reporting renal cryosurgery in Spain, in complex cases and with adequate follow-up. Results are encouraging and allow for considering renal cryotherapy among the minimally invasive procedures for nephron-sparing surgery (AU)

[Robotic radical cystoprostatectomy: oncological and functional analysis]. / Cistoprostatectomía radical robótica: análisis oncológico y funcional.

INTRODUCTION: The da Vinci robotic laparoscopic surgery, has been shown in radical prostatectomy, optimal functional and oncological results with a lower learning curve, greater comfort and vision for the surgeon, and proper preservation of the neurovascular bundles. This has led to begin the experience with robotic radical cystectomy (RRC). OBJECTIVES: Review our initial experience in CRR, evaluating surgical and functional results obtained, and also immediate and short-term complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between December 2007 and January 2009 we performed nine robotic radical cystoprostatectomy and in seven patients robotic lymphadenectomy (LDN). Five patients had a muscle-invasive disease and 4 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The median age was 57 years (range 34-81). Urinary diversion was performed extracorporeally in all cases, 3 cases an ileal conduit and 6 an Studer neobladder in 3 of these 6 cases, the urethra-neobladder anastomosis was performed intracorporeally. RESULTS: The average time of surgery was 300 minutes (range 280-420) in the ileal conduit and 360 (range 330-540) in the Studer. No cases required conversion or blood transfusion. The median number of nodes removed by LDN robotics was 10 (range 6-18). The pathology revealed 3 pT0. 2 CIS, 3 pT3, 1 pT4b (positive margins). With a median follow up of 7 months there have been no peritoneal implant and only one ureteral stenosis. Oral diet was initiated in 5 cases at 48 hours. Of the 6 patients with preserved sexual function preoperatively and followup of more than 3 months, 2 had full erection at 1 month, 2 at 3 and 6 months, and the remaining 2 presented with a full erection with 5 PD inhibitors at 3 and 9 months. All patients with neobladder presented correct daytime continence. The average hospital stay was 8.5 days (range 7-19). CONCLUSIONS: The radical robotic cystectomy with extracorporeal reconstruction of the urinary diversion offers good early functional and surgical outcomes. The careful preservation of the neurovascular bundles in radical pelvic surgery provides excellent results in urinary and sexual function.

[Limits of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of renal tumors]. / Límites de la cirugía laparoscópica en el tratamiento del tumor renal.

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is considered to be the technique of choice in the mangement of stage T1 and T2 renal cancer, though increased mastery of this alternative type of surgery has served to expand its indications. In any case, these procedures have a series of limitations which are tied to the intrinsic characteristics of laparoscopic surgery, and which are associated with the patient and tumor characteristics, and the experience of the surgeon. The present study discusses the different indications and establishes the current limits of laparoscopic surgery applied to the management of renal tumors. Its role in cell-reducing therapy in metastatic disease, and the methods available for reducing tumor implantation in the surgical ports are also commented.

Cistoprostatectomía radical robótica: análisis oncológico y funcional / Robotic radical cystoprostatectomy: oncological and functional analysis

Introducción: La cirugía laparoscópica robotizada da Vinci, ha demostrado en la prostatectomía radical, óptimos resultados funcionales y oncológicos con menor curva de aprendizaje, mayor comodidad y visión para el cirujano, y correcta preservación de las bandeletas neurovasculares. Esto ha dado lugar a que iniciar la experiencia con cistectomía radical robótica (CRR), fuera de nuestro país. Objetivos: Revisar nuestra experiencia inicial en CRR, valorando los resultados quirúrgicos y funcionales obtenidos, y complicaciones inmediatas y a corto plazo. Material y métodos: Entre diciembre del 2007 y enero del 2009 hemos realizado nueve cistoprostatectomías radicales robóticas yen siete de los nueve casos con linfadenectomía (LDN) robótica. En 5 pacientes por tumor músculo-invasivo y 4 por no músculo invasivo de alto riesgo. La mediana de edad fue 57 años (rango 34-81). La derivación urinaria se realizó extracorpóreamente, en 3casos un conducto ileal, en los 6 restantes una neovejiga tipo Studer, en 3 de estos 6 casos la anastomosis uretro-neovejiga se realizó intracorpóreamente. Resultados: El tiempo medio total de cirugía fue 300 minutos (rango 280-420) en el conducto ileal y 360 (rango 330-540) en el Studer. Ningún caso requirió conversión ni transfusión sanguínea. La mediana de ganglios extraidos mediante LDN robótica fue 10(rango 6-18). La AP de la pieza reveló 3 pT0, 2 CIS, 3 pT3, 1 pT4b (márgenes positivos). Con mediana de seguimiento de 7 meses no se ha observado ningún implante peritoneal y únicamente una estenosis ureteral. Se inició dieta oral en 5 casos a las 48 horas. De los 6 pacientes con función sexual conservada preoperatoria y seguimiento > 3 meses, 2 tenían erección completa al mes, 2 a los 3 y 6 meses, y los 2 restantes presentan erección completa con inhib de la 5PDE a los 3 y 9 meses. Todos los pacientes con neovejiga presentan correcta continencia diurna. La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 8,5 días (rango 7-19). Conclusiones: La cistectomía radical más linfadenectomía robótica, con reconstrucción extracorpórea de la derivación urinaria ofrece buenos resultados quirúrgicos y funcionales tempranos. La preservación cuidadosa de las bandeletas neurovasculares en esta cirugía radical pélvica permite obtener excelentes resultados en la función sexual y miccional (AU)

Introduction: The da Vinci robotic laparoscopic surgery, has been shown in radical prostatectomy, optimal functional and oncological results with a lower learning curve, greater comfort and vision for the surgeon, and proper preservation of the neurovascular bundles. This has led to begin the experience with robotic radical cystectomy (RRC).Objectives: Review our initial experience in CRR, evaluating surgical and functional results obtained, and also immediate and short-term complications. Material and methods: Between December 2007 and January 2009 we performed nine robotic radical cystoprostatectomy and in seven patients robotic lymphadenectomy (LDN). Five patients had a muscle-invasive disease and 4 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The median age was 57 years (range 34-81). Urinary diversion was performed extracorporeally in all cases, 3 cases an ileal conduit and 6 an Studer neobladder in 3 of these 6 cases, the urethra-neobladder anastomosis was performed intracorporeally. Results: The average time of surgery was 300 minutes (range 280-420) in the ileal conduit and 360 (range 330-540) in the Studer. No cases required conversion or blood transfusion. The median number of nodes removed by LDN robotics was 10 (range 6-18).The pathology revealed 3 pT0, 2 CIS, 3 pT3, 1 pT4b (positive margins). With a median follow up of 7 months there have been noperitoneal implant and only one ureteral stenosis. Oral diet was initiated in 5 cases at 48 hours. Of the 6 patients with preserved sexual function preoperatively and follow up of more than 3 months, 2 had full erection at 1 month, 2 at 3 and 6 months, and there maining 2 presented with a full erection with 5 PD inhibitors at 3 and 9 months. All patients with neobladder presented correct day time continence. The average hospital stay was 8.5 days (range 7-19). Conclusions: The radical robotic cystectomy with extracorporeal reconstruction of the urinary diversion offers good early functional and surgical outcomes. The careful preservation of the neurovascular bundles in radical pelvic surgery provides excellent results in urinary and sexual function (AU)

[Non-sparing surgery of a transplanted kidney]. / Nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica en riñón trasplantado.

There is an increasement on the incidence of tumours within the population of renal transplanted, from three to five times over general population. Related to urological tumours, it emphasizes an increase in the incidence of the renal carcinoma, around 4,7% against 3% on general population. In this case, we present a 56-year-old patient, who suffered a renal transplant 8 years ago. Incidentally, it is diagnosed a 3 cm mass at the back face of the transplanted kidney, suggestive of renal neoplasm. Given the characteristics of the mass, of the patient and because of the good graft function, we propose the non-sparing surgery of the transplanted kidney as treatment. The patient went back home 6 days after the surgery, with a creatinine value of 106 micromol/L. The pathology of the piece was a papilar carcinoma, type II, pT1aG3, free margins of tumour. The non-sparing techniques like the partial nephrectomy, the criotherapy and the radiofrequency ablation, can be useful and must be considered when it is tried to preserve the renal function, overall in case of bilateral tumours or solitary kidney, and in small and/or eccentric tumours. Renal neoplasms necessarily does not imply the loss of the graft and allows a similar handling to transplanted patient, applying conservative techniques in selected cases.

Límites de la cirugía laparoscópica en el tratamiento del tumor renal / Limits of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of renal tumors

Actualmente se considera la nefrectomía radical laparoscópica como la técnica de elección en el tratamiento del cáncer renal en estadios T1 y T2, aunque el dominio de este tipo de alternativa quirúrgica han ido ampliando sus indicaciones. De todas formas existen límites a este tipo de técnicas que van ligadas a la propia idiosincrasia de la laparoscópica; límites que están en relación con las características del paciente, las características del tumor y la experiencia del cirujano. Se discuten las distintas indicaciones y se establecen los límites actuales de la cirugía laparoscópica en el tratamiento del tumor renal, así como su papel en la terapia citoreductora en enfermedad metastásica y los métodos para disminuir el implante tumoral en los puertos de entrada (AU)

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is considered to be the technique of choice in the mangement of stage T1 and T2 renal cancer, though increased mastery of this alternative type of surgery has served to expand its indications. In any case, these procedures have a series of limitations which are tied to the intrinsic characteristics of laparoscopic surgery, and which are associated with the patient and tumor characteristics, and the experience of the surgeon. The present study discusses the different indications and establishes the current limits of laparoscopic surgery applied to the management of renal tumors. Its role in cell-reducing therapy in metastatic disease, and the methods available for reducing tumor implantation in the surgical ports are also commented (AU)

Nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica en riñón trasplantado / Non-sparing surgery of a transplanted kidney

Existe un aumento en la incidencia de tumores dentro de la población de trasplantados renales respecto a la población general, que puede elevarse de tres a cinco veces. Respecto a los tumores urológicos, destaca un aumento en la incidencia del Carcinoma renal, que se sitúa alrededor del 4,7%, siendo del 3% en la población general. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 56 años, a quien se le realizó un trasplante renal 8 años antes. Se diagnostica, de forma incidental, de una masa de 3 cm a nivel de cara posterior del riñón trasplantado, sugestiva de neoplasia renal. Dadas las características de la lesión, de la paciente y por el buen funcionamiento del injerto, se propone como tratamiento la nefrectomía parcial vía laparoscópica del riñón trasplantado, mediante un acceso transperitoneal. La paciente fue dada de alta a los 6 días de la cirugía, con una cifra de Creatinina de 106 μmol/L y un filtrado glomerular de 60 mL/min. La anatomía patológica de la pieza fue un Carcinoma papilar tipo II, pT1aG3, con márgenes libres de tumor. Las técnicas conservadoras como la nefrectomía parcial, la crioterapia y la ablación por radiofrecuencia, pueden ser útiles y deben considerarse cuando se pretende preservar la función renal, sobretodo en caso de tumores bilaterales o monorrenos, y en tumores pequeños y/o excéntricos. Las neoplasias renales no implican necesariamente la pérdida del injerto y permiten un manejo similar al del enfermo no trasplantado, aplicando, en casos seleccionados, técnicas conservadoras (AU)

There is an increasement on the incidence of tumours within the population of renal transplanted, from three to five times over general population. Related to urological tumours, it emphasizes an increase in the incidence of the renal Carcinoma, around 4,7% against 3% on general population. In this case, we present a 56 year old patient, who suffered a renal transplant 8 years ago. Incidentally, it is diagnosed a 3 cm mass at the back face of the transplanted kidney, suggestive of renal neoplasm. Given the characteristics of the mass, of the patient and because of the good graft function, we propose the non-sparing surgery of the transplanted kidney as treatment. The patient went back home 6 days after the surgery, with a Creatinine value of 106 μmol/L. The pathology of the piece was a papilar Carcinoma, type II, pT1aG3, free margins of tumour. The non-sparing techniques like the partial nephrectomy, the criotherapy and the radiofrequency ablation, can be useful and must be considered when it is tried to preserve the renal function, overall in case of bilateral tumours or solitary kidney, and in small and/or eccentric tumours. Renal neoplasms necessarily does not imply the loss of the graft and allows a similar handling to transplanted patient, applying conservative techniques in selected cases (AU)

[Radical prostatectomy in patients with history of transurethral resection of the prostate]. / Prostatectomía radical en pacientes con antecedentes de RTU próstata.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a retrospective evaluation of surgical complications and morbidity in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) as elective treatment for organ-confined prostate cancer in our center with previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). METHODS: Between 1980-2004 we performed 59 radical prostatectomies in patients with previous TURP. We analyze the morbidity and mortality of the RRP, its functional outcomes, and the accordance between clinical and pathological stage. RESULTS: Mean time between TURP and RRP was 16 months. Mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 63 years. Clinical stage: 16 T1a, 18T1b, 20T1c, 3T2a, 2T2b. Average surgical time was 180 minutes. Intraoperative events: technical difficulties in the dissection of the gland 57%, bladder neck preservation 27%, neuro vascular bundles preservation 3.39%, ureter ligation 1.69%, rectal laceration 1.69, urethrorrhagia 1.69%, urinary leak 5%, and blood transfusions 11.8%. Postoperative complications: urinary tract infection 10.17%, wound infection 10.17%, pelvic hematoma 5.08%, deep vein thrombosis 1.69%, and one sudden death of unknown cause one month after surgery. Pathologic report: 49pT2b, 8 pT3 and 2pT4. Late complications: erectile dysfunction 85.7%, vesicourethral anastomosis stenosis 10.3%, and complete urinary incontinence 3%. CONCLUSIONS: Radical retropubic prostatectomy in patients with previous TURP is technically more difficult and has comparable outcomes to RRP patients without previous TURP.

Prostatectomíia radical en pacientes con antecedentes de RTU de próstata / Radical prostatectomy in patients with history of transurethral resection of the prostate

OBJETIVO: Nuestro objetivo ha sido realizar una valoración retrospectiva en nuestro centro de las complicaciones quirúrgicas y de morbilidad en pacientes intervenidos de prostatectomía radical retropúbica como tratamiento electivo del cáncer de próstata órgano confinado, con antecedentes de resección transuretral de próstata (RTUp). MÉTODOS: Entre 1980-2004 hemos realizado 59 prostatectomías radicales en pacientes con RTUp previa. Se analiza morbimortalidad de la PRR, resultados funcionales y concordancia entre estadiaje clínico y patológico. RESULTADOS: El tiempo medio transcurrido entre la RTUp y la prostatectomía radical 16 meses. Edad media en el momento de diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de próstata 63 años. Estadiaje clínico: 16T1a, 18T1b, 20T1c, 3 T2a, 2 T2b. La media de tiempo quirúrgico de la PRR 180 minutos. Incidencias intraoperatorias: Dificultades técnicas en la disección de la glándula 57%, preservación del cuello vesical 27%, preservación de bandeletas neurovasculares 3.39%, ligadura de uréter 1.69%, lesión rectal 1.69%, uretrorragia 1.69%, fístula urinaria 5% y el 11.8% requirió transfusión. Como complicaciones postoperatorias: ITU 10.17%, infección de la herida 10.17%, hematoma pélvico 5.08%, TVP 1.69% y un paciente falleció súbitamente al mes de la cirugía por causa no filiada. Estadío patológico: 49pT2b, 8pT3 y 2pT4. Como complicaciones tardías: Disfunción eréctil 85.7%, estenosis de la anastomosis 10.3% e incontinencia urinaria total 3%. CONCLUSIÓN: La PRR en pacientes con RTUp previa es técnicamente más dificultosa con resultados comparables con los pacientes sin cirugía prostática previa

OBJECTIVES: To perform a retrospective evaluation of surgical complications and morbidity in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) as elective treatment for organ-confined prostate cancer in our center with previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). METHODS: Between 1980-2004 we performed 59 radical prostatectomies in patients with previous TURP. We analyze the morbidity and mortality of the RRP, its functional outcomes, and the accordance between clinical and pathological stage. RESULTS: Mean time between TURP and RRP was 16 months. Mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 63 years. Clinical stage: 16 T1a,18T1b,20T1c, 3T2a,2T2b. Average surgical time was 180 minutes. Intraoperative events: technical difficulties in the dissection of the gland 57%, bladder neck preservation 27%, neuro vascular bundles preservation 3.39%, ureter ligation 1.69%, rectal laceration 1.69, urethrorrhagia 1.69%, urinary leak 5%, and blood transfusions 11.8%. Post-operative complications: urinary tract infection 10.17%, wound infection 10.17%, pelvic hematoma 5.08%, deep vein thrombosis 1.69%, and one sudden death of unknown cause one month after surgery . Pathologic report: 49pT2b, 8 pT3 and 2pT4. Late complications: erectile dysfunction 85.7%, vesicourethral anastomosis stenosis 10.3%, and complete urinary incontinence 3%. CONCLUSIONS: Radical retropubic prostatectomy in patients with previous TURP is technically more difficult and has comparable outcomes to RRP patients without previous TURP

Intravesical instillations with bacillus calmette-guérin for the treatment of carcinoma in situ involving prostatic ducts.

OBJECTIVES: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has proven its efficacy in the treatment of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the prostatic urethra. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the use of intravesical instillations of BCG in patients with carcinoma in situ involving prostatic ducts after complete transurethral resection (TUR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eligibility for the study was CIS of the prostatic urethra involving prostatic ducts. Previous instillation with BCG was an exclusion criterion. Patients were treated with intravesical BCG Connaught (81 mg) administered once a week, over a 6-wk period. TUR loop biopsies of the prostate were performed only when a macroscopic tumor was present. RESULTS: In this retrospective study of 11 patients, 8 (73%) presented with macroscopic tumor in the prostatic urethra. Ten patients (91%) had a simultaneous superficial bladder carcinoma. Eight patients (73%) had tumoral involvement of the bladder neck region. After a median follow-up of 27 mo (n=10 patients), the response in the prostatic urethra was 82%, and the response in the bladder due to superficial tumor recurrence was 64%. Two patients with residual ductal disease in the prostatic urethra were subsequently treated with cystoprostatectomy and are currently free of disease. In one of those patients, the cystoprostatectomy specimen did show prostatic stromal invasion. Another patient developed distant metastatic disease and died a few months after diagnosis. Thus, progression was encountered in two patients (18%). Currently, 90% of patients are alive without evidence of disease and 72.7% have benefitted from this bladder preservation strategy. CONCLUSION: Intravesical BCG is a feasible treatment option for patients with CIS involving prostatic ducts. In this retrospective study, bladder preservation was successful in 8 of 11 patients (70%) and there was only one oncologic death. Obviously, these patients need a careful follow-up with cystoscopy and cytology to detect either recurrence or progression and in those with persistent disease after the initial BCG induction therapy, prompt cystectomy is indicated.

Tácticas y trucos de endourología en laparoscopia. Trucos en técnicas laparoscópicas / No disponible

No disponible