RESUMO
Influenza is a potentially fatal respiratory infection resulting from several influenza virus strains. It causes annual epidemics of disease for which vaccination is the cornerstone of public health policy. The inadequacies of vaccine supply in the US during the 2004 influenza season revealed the deficiencies of current vaccine development and delivery. One outcome of this was the accelerated approval of an inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine, Fluarix. This paper reviews the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of this vaccine, and makes recommendations for the incorporation of Fluarix into the public health framework alongside other similar vaccines. Other directions to explore in an effort to secure future vaccine supply are considered.
Assuntos
Drogas em Investigação/uso terapêutico , Vacinas contra Influenza/uso terapêutico , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Animais , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
To investigate the beneficial effects of cilnidipine, a calcium channel blocker that shows high selectivity for N-type receptors, on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency, we compared the efficacy of cilnidipine to that of benazepril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with known renal protective effects, in a one-year trial evaluating hypertensive control, serum creatinine, and albuminuria in a cohort of patients. Given the seeming importance of the etiology of chronic renal insufficiency in determining drug efficacy, we limited our study to 20 patients with a single common condition, benign nephrosclerosis. The average age of the patients was 62+/-4 years old. The changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over the course of the study year revealed a similar reduction with cilnidipine and benazepril. Both cilnidipine and benazepril induced similar reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over the course of the study year. The baseline levels of serum creatinine were 1.40+/-0.2 mg/dl and urinary excretion of albumin was 168+/-10 mg daily. The levels of serum creatinine were not significantly changed throughout the study in either group, although the levels of urinary excretion of albumin were significantly decreased in both groups. There were no significant differences in either of these values between the two groups. In conclusion, both cilnidipine and benazepril equally and effectively reduced blood pressure and albuminuria in hypertensive patients with benign nephrosclerosis in a one-year trial.