[Anhedonia as target symptom in personalized therapy of patients with mood disorders and alcohol use disorder comorbidity]. / Angedoniya kak tselevoi simptom personalizirovannoi antidepressivnoi psikhofarmakoterapii u patsientov s komorbidnymi affektivnymi rasstroistvami i alkogol'noi zavisimost'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of anhedonia in mood disorders (MD) comorbid with alcohol use disorder (AUD), considering melatonin concentration in the patient's blood serum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy patients, aged 18-65 years old, with MD, including patients with- (group F3+F10, n=36) or without comorbid AUD (group F3, n=34), were examined. Control group consisted of 26 healthy volunteers. Clinical-dynamic evaluation was carried out using SIGH-SAD and SHAPS-C. Melatonin concentration was measured with MAGPIX analyzer (Luminex, USA). The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS (V. 23.0) standard package. RESULTS: In the case of MD/AUD comorbidity anhedonia symptom does not respond well to psychopharmacotherapy during four weeks (p=0.192, Wilcoxon test) whereas anhedonia in «pure¼ MD does (p=0.007, Wilcoxon test). At the same time, only patients with «pure¼ MD have a statistically significant decrease in melatonin concentration in blood serum compared with the control group (p=0.025, p=0.031, Mann-Whitney test), on the contrary, in the case of MD/AUD comorbidity, a relative increase in melatonin concentration (p>0.05 Mann-Whitney test) was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The relatively low response of anhedonia symptom in the case of MD/AUD comorbidity compared with the «pure¼ MD, makes perspective using antidepressants with prodophaminergic mechanism of action in this cohort of patients. Furthermore, in MD/AUD comorbidity, contrary to «pure¼ MD, a relative increase in melatonin concentration in blood serum was detected, therefore it could be a limitation to prescribing antidepressants directly or indirectly modulating melatoninergic system.

[Clinical and electrophysiological parameters of alcohol dependence and its comorbidity with affective disorders]. / Klinicheskie i neirofiziologicheskie osobennosti pri alkogol'noi zavisimosti i pri ee komorbidnosti s affektivnymi rasstroistvami.

OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics of and possible differences in clinical and electroencephalographic parameters in patients with alcohol dependence with- and without comorbid affective disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five patients, including 74 with an established diagnosis of alcohol dependence and 21 with alcohol dependence and affective disorders, were examined. Duration of alcohol dependence and affective disorder (years), number of hospitalizations and suicidal attempts were analyzed as anamnestic data. Hamilton's anxiety and depression scale (HDRS), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the General clinical impression scale (CGI-s) were used as psychometric tools. The study of bioelectric activity of the brain was carried out using a 16-channel encephalograph. The background electroencephalogram was recorded, the values of absolute spectral power and coherence of theta, alpha and beta rhythms were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients with comorbidity of alcohol dependence and affective disorders have a significantly higher risk of suicidal behavior, a greater frequency of hospitalizations, higher levels of anxiety compared with patients without affective disorders. Electrophysiological data have shown that patients with comorbidity of alcohol dependence and affective disorders have higher values of spectral power of alpha-rhythm in all parts of the cerebral cortex (except for temporal lobes) and beta-rhythm in the occipital cortex, as well as an increase in interhemispheric coherence in all frequency ranges.

The fifth cranial nerve in headaches.

The fifth cranial nerve is the common denominator for many headaches and facial pain pathologies currently known. Projecting from the trigeminal ganglion, in a bipolar manner, it connects to the brainstem and supplies various parts of the head and face with sensory innervation. In this review, we describe the neuroanatomical structures and pathways implicated in the sensation of the trigeminal system. Furthermore, we present the current understanding of several primary headaches, painful neuropathies and their pharmacological treatments. We hope that this overview can elucidate the complex field of headache pathologies, and their link to the trigeminal nerve, to a broader field of young scientists.

[Disorders of spatial working memory in affective disorders with mild current depression and their neurophysiological correlates]. / Narusheniia funktsii prostranstvennoi rabochei pamiati pri depressii legkoi stepeni tiazhesti i ikh neirofiziologicheskie korreliaty.

AIM: To assess spatial working memory disorders in patients with mild depressive disorders and determine their neurophysiological correlates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients (right-handed) with ICD-10 diagnosis Mood Disorders (F31.3, F32.0, F33.0, F34.1), aged 37±8 years, were examined before treatment. A control group included 30 mentally and somatically healthy individuals (32±7 years old). The study of spatial working memory was carried out using the Corsi Block-Tapping test. EEG was recorded and the values of the spectral power of theta, alpha and beta rhythms were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A decrease in the level of working memory that was correlated with higher values of theta rhythm power in the frontal and occipital regions and alpha rhythm in the frontal cortex was observed in affective disorders with mild depressive symptoms.