RESUMO
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in women. There is an increased concern on reduction of bacterial susceptibility resulting from wrongly prescribing antimicrobials. This paper summarizes the recommendations of four Brazilian medical societies (SBI Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, FEBRASGO Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations, SBU Brazilian Society of Urology, and SBPC/ML Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine) on the management of urinary tract infection in women. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be screened at least twice during pregnancy (early and in the 3rd trimester). All cases of significant bacteriuria (≥105 CFU/mL in middle stream sample) should be treated with antimicrobials considering safety and susceptibility profile. In women with typical symptoms of cystitis, dipsticks are not necessary for diagnosis. Urine cultures should be collected in pregnant women, recurrent UTI, atypical cases, and if there is suspicion of pyelonephritis. First line antimicrobials for cystitis are fosfomycin trometamol in a single dose and nitrofurantoin, 100 mg every 6 hours for five days. Second line drugs are cefuroxime or amoxicillin-clavulanate for seven days. During pregnancy, amoxicillin and other cephalosporins may be used, but with a higher chance of therapeutic failure. In recurrent UTI, all episodes should be confirmed by urine culture. Treatment should be initiated only after urine sampling and with the same regimens indicated for isolated episodes. Prophylaxis options of recurrent UTI are behavioral measures, nonantimicrobial and antimicrobial prophylaxis. Vaginal estrogens may be recommended for postmenopausal women. Other non-antimicrobial prophylaxis, including cranberry and immunoprophylaxis, have weak evidence supporting their use. Antimicrobial prophylaxis may be offered as a continuous or postcoital scheme. In pregnant women, options are cephalexin, 250500 mg and nitrofurantoin, 100 mg (contraindicated after 37 weeks of pregnancy). Nonpregnant women may use fosfomycin trometamol, 3 g every 10 days, or nitrofurantoin, 100 mg (continuous or postcoital)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Urológicas/tratamento farmacológico , GestantesRESUMO
No presente artigo, os autores fazem uma atualizaçäo sobre as malformaçöes renais e do trato urinário. Säo abordadas as anormalidades proprias do rim, assim como, as alteraçöes obstrutivas das vias excretoras, com enfase nos aspectos ultra-sonográficos e o estudo da funçäo renal do feto. Finalmente, säo comentados aspectos prognósticos dessas malformaçöes
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Feto/anormalidades , Rim/anormalidades , Sistema Urinário/anormalidades , Sistema Urinário , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
O presente estudo baseia-se em 10 casos de neomortos que apresentaram à necropsia necrose esquêmica do miocárdio. Um deles apresentava cardiopatia congênita importante (transposiçao dos grandes vasos da base), enquanto que os outros nove eram de pré-termo e baixo peso ao nascer. Estes todos nasceram com anoxia mais ou menos grave. Cinco deles eram originários de maes que haviam recebido drogas betamiméticas. Conclui-se que a prematuridade e anoxia podem estar associadas à ocorrência da lesao tissular, mais nao fica descartada a hipótese de que os betamiméticos possam desempenhar um papel importante na sua ocorrência. Sugere-se estudos prospectivos mais acurados a partir de maes que tenham recebido a droga e cujos os recém-nados venham a falecer.
