RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Low levels of estrogen can cause osteoporosis and usually occur during a woman's menopausal phase. Osteoporosis can lead to bone resorption, the absence of osseointegration, and implant failure. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1), runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2), and osteoblasts in mandibular rats with low levels of estrogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is an in vivo experimental research. Female Wistar rats (n = 18) were divided into two groups: (1) Postsham surgery and (2) ovariectomy group. After 12 weeks, the rats were sacrificed to identify the level of estrogen, while histological analysis was conducted to determine the level of osteoblast and the expression of TGF-ß1 and RUNX2. The data were analyzed using t-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: There were significant lower levels of estrogen and osteoblast among the ovariectomy group compared to the postsham group (P < 0.05). RUNX2 levels were found to be significantly higher in the ovariectomy group than that in the postsham group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between TGF-ß1 levels within the ovariectomy and postsham groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ovariectomy can lead to decreased osteoblastogenesis in mandibular bone by the reduced level of osteoblast and the increased expression of TGF-ß1 and RUNX2.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to prove that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) therapy on mandibular osteoporotic model is able to increase transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF)-ß1 expression, Runx2, and osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is true experimental posttest control group design. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups randomly, which consisted of sham surgery for control (T1), ovariectomy as osteoporotic group (T2), osteoporotic group injected with gelatine for 4 weeks (T3), 8 weeks (T4) injected with hUCMSC-gelatine for 4 weeks (T5) and 8 weeks (T6). All mice were presented for immunohistochemistry examination for TGF-ß1, Runx2, and histology for osteoblasts. RESULTS: The lowest level of osteoblast was osteoporotic group injected with gelatine in 4 weeks compared to other groups. There were increases of TGF-ß1, Runx2, and osteoblasts from osteoporotic group compared to osteoporotic post-hUCMSC-gelatine injection group. CONCLUSION: The hUCMSC has a high osteogenic effect and increases the osteoporotic mandibular bone regeneration on the animal model that is showed by the increase of the level of TGF-ß1, Runx2, and osteoblasts.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tooth extraction will provoke changes in alveolar bone morphology and dimensions. Postextraction bone resorption can lead to significant problems for restorative dentistry. Therefore, the extracted tooth socket needs to be preserved to reduce alveolar ridge bone resorption. This research aimed to analyze the expression and levels of osteocalcin, collagen 1, and osteoblasts in extracted tooth sockets filled with a combination of mangosteen peel extract and demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six Cavia cobaya, whose lower left incisors had been extracted, were divided into eight groups according to the substance used to fill their sockets on days 7 and 30, Poly ethylene glycol, DFDBBX, mangosteen peel extract, or a combination of mangosteen peel extract and DFDBBX. This research was conducted in several stages; the application of mangosteen peel extract combined with graft material was performed as the form of tooth extraction socket preservation. The C. cobaya rats were subsequently examined by immunohistochemical methods to measure osteocalcin and collagen 1 expressions, whereas histological examination was conducted to calculate the number of osteoblasts in accordance with the duration of the research. RESULTS: On days 7 and 30, the group treated with a combination of DFDBBX and mangosteen peel extract which had the highest expression and levels of osteocalcin, collagen 1, and osteoblasts. CONCLUSION: The administration of mangosteen peel extract combined with DFDBBX as a means of tooth extraction socket preservation can increase osteocalcin and collagen 1 expression. Consequently, osteoblasts as a means of alveolar bone regeneration will increase in number.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prolongation of the inflammatory process in hyperglycemic interferes with bone formation, inhibits the healing process, and triggers bone resorption. A combination of spirulina and chitosan in the tooth socket of Rattus norvegicus is expected to promote the bone remodeling process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina and chitosan on angiogenesis, osteoclast, and osteoblast cell in tooth socket models of type 1 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A laboratory-based experiment involving 36 R. norvegicus, divided into three groups (nondiabetes mellitus (DM), uncontrolled DM, and controlled DM) and further divided into six subgroups. The controlled groups (K1, K2, and K3) were induced with 3% carboxymethyl cellulose Na, while the treated groups were induced with 12% spirulina and 20% chitosan. On the 14th day, the mandibles of the rats were removed. The capillary lumen, osteoblasts, and osteoclast cells were counted by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal examination and the results analyzed by means of Shapiro-Wilk, Levene's, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test. RESULTS: There was a significant increment in the number of capillary lumen, osteoblast cells, and a decrease in osteoclasts in all three treated groups (P1, P2, and P3). CONCLUSIONS: A combination of spirulina and chitosan can effectively promote the healing process in postextraction sockets of type 1 DM R. norvegicus.
