[The study of cognitive functions and the brain electrical activity in wakefulness and night sleep in patients with lobe tumors]. / Izuchenie kognitivnykh funktsii i organizatsii bioelektricheskoi aktivnosti mozga v bodrstvovanii i vo vremya sna u patsientov s opukholyami lobnoi doli.

OBJECTIVE: To study cognitive dysfunction and brain electrical activity in sleep-wakefulness cycle in patients with frontal lobe tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients, aged 48.6±4.2 years, and ten healthy volunteers participated in the study. The first group included patients without cognitive impairment and tumors 8.9±5.1 cm3, the second group included patients with cognitive impairment and tumors 40.7±2.1 cm3. The battery of cognitive impairment tests was used. The EEG of wakefulness and night sleep was recorded. RESULTS: Cognitive impairment in patients with lobe tumors is associated with increases in delta/theta, and areactivity of the cortex in wakefulness, increases in delta/theta/alpha in REM and declining number of arousals in REM. CONCLUSION: The results of the study may be useful in early detection of biomarkers of the cognitive impairment in patients with frontal lobe tumors in order to increase the efficiency of rehabilitation of patients.

[The role of micro-RNA in the regulation of signal pathways in gliomas]. / Rol' mikro-RNK v reguliatsii signal'nykh putei pri gliomakh.

Gliomas are invasive brain tumors with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly form of glioma with nearly 100% rate of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis in patients. Micro-RNAs (miR) are the class of wide-spread short non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation via binding to the mRNA of target genes. The aim of the present review is to analyze recent studies and experimental results concerning aberrant expression profiles of miR, which target components of the signaling pathways Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, EGFR, TGFb, HIF1a in glioma/glioblastoma. Particularly, the interactions of miR with targets of 2-hydroxyglutarate (the product of mutant isocytrate dehydrogenase, R132H IDH1, which is specific for the glioma pathogenesis) have been considered in the present review. Detecting specific miRNAs in tissue and serum may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for glioma, as well as for predicting treatment response of an individual patient, and potentially serving as a mechanism for creating personalized treatment strategies.

[A plasminogen regulation system in brain tumors]. / Sistema reguliatsii plazminogena v razlichnykh opukholiakh golovnogo mozga.

INTRODUCTION: Tumor progression and neovascularization during malignant processes are believed to be associated with plasminogen activators and the PAI-1 inhibitor, but their role and interactions in various types of brain tumors have been studied insufficiently. AIM: To conduct a comparative study of plasminogen regulation in optic nerve sheath meningiomas, glioblastomas, and brain metastases of breast cancer, as well as in perifocal tissues surrounding the tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tumors and perifocal areas of 19 breast cancer (BC) metastases, 24 glioblastomas, and 13 meningiomas without perifocal edema were investigated by ELISA in 56 patients aged 35-72 years. Histological control was carried out in each case. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the levels of urokinase (uPA), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and PAI-1 inhibitor between glioblastomas and breast cancer metastases and the histologically unaltered (relatively intact) tissue around meningioma lesions (p≤0.05 in all cases). The levels of uPA-AG and uPA-act in meningioma were higher than those in the relatively intact tissue, while the levels of both tPA forms were reduced. The levels of uPA-AG and uPA-act in both malignant tumors and their perifocal areas were elevated compared to those in the relatively intact tissue. The levels of both tPA forms were reduced in all other tissues, except for glioblastoma. The level of PAI-1 inhibitor in malignant tissues was higher (being predominant in tumors) compared to that in the intact tissue surrounding meningioma, as well as relative to that in meningioma. The study proves that uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 are directly involved in the metabolism of malignant gliomas and brain metastases of breast cancer. The role of tPA is to protect meningiomas; tPA activation in malignant brain tumors is suppressed.

[Age-related and etiological features of severe injury in children].

A comparative retrospective analysis of condition severity was made in different age groups: 61 road traffic injured children (Group 1) and 63 children with injuries of another etiology (Group 2) on admission. There no substantial differences in their condition severity: severe and extremely severe conditions were seen in 77.8 and 11.5% in Group 1 and 79.4 and 6.35% in Group 2, respectively. The age-related features of the pattern of traumatic injuries were established in relation to their etiology.