[Submental tracheal intubation is an alternative to tracheostomy in oral surgery].

A prospective study was performed in 17 patients who had undergone submental tracheal intubation in facial injury, tumors of the upper jaw, and congenital and acquired deformities of the facial skeleton. The time required for intubation, and the adequacy of gas exchange and ventilation during tracheal intubation and an operation was estimated. Submental intubation was successfully carried out in all the patients. The mean time spent on tracheal intubation was 5-6 min. At surgery, there was no chance extubation or endotracheal tube damage, the parameters of ventilation and gas exchange remained to be within the normal range. A submental scar was minimal. There was inflammation and formation of a bad scar or bleeding at the site of intubation in none case. Submental orotracheal intubation is a safe and simple procedure for airway patency and it may be used as an alternative to tracheostomy in maxillofacial injury, tumors of the upper jaw, and congenital and acquired deformities of the facial skeleton.

[Efficacy of laryngeal mask use during anesthesia in cases of short-term operations in maxillofacial area].

40 patients, with the pathology of maxillofacial area were investigated during the operation. The operation lasted 60.5+/-6.8 min. Combined intravenous anesthesia with propophol, phentanil, atracrium besylate was used for all patients. The utilization of a laryngeal mask (LM) for respiratory support was used in the first group (20 patients). An tracheal intubation (TI) was made in the second group (20 patients). In total myoplegia, the installation of LM was simple. Undesirable laryngo-pharyngeal reflexes were not noticed. The reaction of cardiovascular system while installing. LM was absent unlike TI. As for the gas exchange no difference was noticed in both groups (p>0.05). After the operation the patients of the first group recovered quicker than the patients of the second group (p<0.05). It is the result of reducing the amount of relaxants in the first group (p<0.05). Hence, anesthesia with LM may be regarded as alternative method of anesthesiological provision for a maxillofacial operations of short duration.

[Cytokines in the treatment of a generalized surgical infection]. / Tsitokiny v lechenii generalizovannoi khirurgicheskoi infektsii.

A novel approach to the treatment of surgical sepsis has been tried: cytokine-based immunotherapy. Human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a mixture of native cytokines obtained by arteriovenous perfusion of xenospleen were used as a source of proinflammatory cytokines. Extracorporeal immunotherapy of 62 patients with surgical sepsis with mononuclear cells treated by autologous IL-2 resulted in a significant decrease of endotoxicosis and effective immunocorrection. Cytokine-based immunotherapy notably decreased the mortality of patients with generalized surgical infection--to 14.6%, which was lower than the expected mortality (35%) and the mortality in the control group (34.5%).

[Transtracheal jet pulmonary ventilation as a measure for preventing hypoxia during reconstructive maxillofacial operations]. / Transtrakheal'naia struinaia ventiliatsiia legkikh kak mera profilaktiki gipoksii pri rekonstruktivnykh cheliustno-litsevykh operatsiiakh.

Anesthesia including high- or low-frequency transtracheal jet ventilation of the lungs was used in 52 patients with maxillofacial abnormalities subjected to repair surgery. The number of respiratory cycles was 20 per min in 1 group and 120 per min in the other. Intubation of the trachea was started 20 min after ventilation was started. Transtracheal jet ventilation of the lungs prevented hypoxia during intubation of the trachea in such patients. High-frequency jet ventilation of the lungs may be a method of choice in such cases.

[Reinfusion of blood during reconstructive operations on the aortoiliac segment]. / Reinfuziia krovi pri rekonstruktivnykh operatsiiakh na aortopodvzdoshnom segmente.

The article presents an experience with using reinfusion of autoblood in performing planned reconstructive operations on the aorto-iliac segment in 93 patients. Allogenic hemotransfusions were used to fill up the blood losses in the control group of 82 patients. The postoperative period was shown to be more favorable in patients with reinfusion of autoblood.

Physicochemical properties and applications of carbon-mineral sorbents.

Carbon-mineral sorbents successfully combine a high mechanical resistance of the mineral matrix and a high activity of carbons. It is possible to prepare a mineral matrix of the wanted structure and use it as the basis for producing carbon-mineral sorbents. SUMS-1 and SUMS-2 are the sorbents of mild action. In other words, they cause no thrombosis, they do not absorb oxygen and protein from blood, and they have almost no destructive effect on the blood cells. The sorbents are highly effective in adsorbing microorganisms and their toxins. Treatment of patients with different diseases (sepsis, meningitis, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, pneumonia, thyrotoxicosis, pancreatitis, liver coma, different types of poisoning) with the SUMS-1 and SUMS-2 has given satisfactory results.