Real-world evidence research in metastatic colorectal cancer: raising awareness of the need for patient contributions.

Real-world evidence (RWE) research helps determine whether outcomes observed in clinical trials happen in real-life clinical practice. RWE research may help patients receive more appropriate treatment, closer to their needs and wishes. RWE for metastatic colorectal cancer is currently limited. The PROMETCO RWE study is an important example of an ongoing initiative that focuses on patient-reported outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients play an active role throughout the RWE research process, including study design, participation and results dissemination. This involvement can encourage greater patient empowerment through active engagement, potentially resulting in various benefits that can lead to improved clinical outcomes. Greater patient engagement can increase involvement in RWE, helping more patients to access the benefits of RWE research. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03935763 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Real-world evidence (RWE) research provides information that is essential to improving medical treatment. When it comes to metastatic colorectal cancer ­ cancer that has spread to other parts of the body ­ only a few RWE studies have been conducted. RWE studies, such as the ongoing PROMETCO study in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, differ from clinical trials in that they include a wider range of people with fewer restrictions on type of treatments received. They can also place more attention to the patients' own opinions. By joining RWE studies, patients are likely to become more interested in their disease and take a more active role in their treatment. In the end, this can help to improve their quality of life and possibly improve the outcomes of their treatment. Doctors need to work in partnership with patients to increase participation in RWE studies.

ANTT® standardisation facilitates new efficiencies with a novel partially-sterile Standard-ANTT PIVC Pack.

Introduction: The widespread adoption of the ANTT®Clinical Practice Framework as a single standard for aseptic technique, has highlighted that many clinical procedures do not require a sterile procedure pack to be performed safely and aseptically. This study explores the utilisation of a partially-sterile procedure pack that is specifically tailored to Standard-ANTT. Methods: A prospective project improvement evaluation, using a non-paired sample (pre: n=41; post: n =33) of emergency department staff in an NHS hospital. Staff were evaluated performing peripheral intravenous cannulations (PIVC) using Standard-ANTT and the B. Braun Standard-ANTT peripheral cannulation pack. Findings: Significant improvements were observed in practice following the implementation of the pack and training in Standard-ANTT, including: Key-Part protection significantly improved (pre: n=28, 68.2%; post: n=33, 100%), and reduction in the Key-Site being touched after disinfection (pre: n=17; 41.4%; post n=5; 15.1%). Conclusions: In conjunction with appropriate education and training, this study provides proof of concept that due to the widespread use of the ANTT Clinical Practice Framework as a single standard aseptic technique, procedure packs that are specifically tailored to Standard-ANTT, can help to promote best practice and improve efficiencies. DEFINITIONS: Partially-sterile procedure pack - all items required to be sterile remain in their individual blister wrapper. The final assembled pack itself is not then subjected to a further round of sterilisation as it is not needed. Sterile procedure pack - often contains a mixture of non-sterile and sterile items that have been stripped from their individual blister wrapper requiring the sterilisation of the final assembled pack.

Is ANTT Achievable in the Home Healthcare Setting?

At the heart of infection prevention in the home care setting is aseptic technique, a generic term for the clinical competency of ensuring asepsis during invasive clinical procedures and the maintenance of invasive medical devices. Variable terminology has resulted in confused education and clinical practice. Ambiguity has played out in all care environments, but especially in the home, where the challenge of providing effective aseptic technique is complicated by unique environmental and logistical factors. This has led some to conclude that aseptic technique is not possible in the home, or that it is not required at all in certain situations. This article challenges these assumptions and outlines the Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT®) Clinical Practice Framework, that is used widely internationally. Through a thematic analysis of focus group discussions with home care nurses (n = 107) in the United Kingdom and the United States, opinions about aseptic practice in the home care setting were examined. Three main polarizing themes were identified and used to discuss theory and practice applications of aseptic technique for home healthcare nurses. Specific challenges in performing aseptic technique in home-based settings are exacerbated by ambiguity between what constitutes "clean," "aseptic," or so-called "sterile" technique, and are perpetuated by a lack of competency-based training that doesn't reflect the critical importance of aseptic technique to patient safety. Rather than continuing an endless debate about the definition of aseptic technique, ANTT has redefined aseptic technique education and clinical practice, with a comprehensive clinical practice framework and associated clinical governance better supporting patient safety.

Best practice skin antisepsis for insertion of peripheral catheters.

This article discusses the importance of effective skin antisepsis prior to the insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) and how best clinical practice is promoted by application of an appropriate method of skin disinfection integrated effectively with a proprietary aseptic non touch technique, or other standard aseptic technique. Historically under-reported, incidence of infection and risk to patients from PIVCs is now increasingly being recognised, with new research and evidence raising concern and helping to drive new clinical guidance and improvement. The risks posed by PIVCs are particularly significant given increasing PIVC dwell times, due to cannula removal now being determined by new guidance for clinical indication, rather than predefined time frames. Clinical 'best practice' is considered in context of the evidence base, importantly including availability and access to appropriate skin antisepsis products. In the UK, and other countries, ChloraPrep is the only skin antisepsis applicator licensed as a drug to disinfect skin and help prevent infections before invasive medical procedures, such as injections, blood sampling, insertion of PIVCs and minor or major surgery.

How widely has ANTT been adopted in NHS hospitals and community care organisations in England and Scotland?

BACKGROUND: To the detriment of patient safety, the important clinical competency of aseptic technique has been notoriously variable in practice, and described ambiguously in the literature, internationally. From a UK perspective, attempts have been made to improve patient safety by reducing variability and improving education and practice through standardisation. The Welsh Government mandated Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT®) as a specific national standard in 2015. All healthcare organisations in England are required by the Health and Social Care Act 2008 to have a single standard aseptic technique, demonstrable by the clinical governance indicators of education, training, competency assessment and compliance audit. In Scotland, an education-based initiative was launched by NHS Education for Scotland in 2012. To review the impact of these and other initiatives on the current status of aseptic technique, all NHS trusts in England and NHS health boards in Scotland were assessed under the Freedom of Information procedure. FINDINGS: 93% of NHS trusts in England use a single standard for aseptic technique. In 88% of these trusts the single standard was stipulated as being ANTT. In Scotland, 62% of NHS acute and community care hospitals within health boards use a single standard. In 56% of these, the single standard was ANTT. When including those that use ANTT in combination with other techniques ANTT usage is 73%. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate significant progress in standardising aseptic technique education, assessment and governance, and confirms ANTT as the de facto aseptic technique used in NHS trusts in England and health boards in Scotland.

Quantum critical phenomena in a compressible displacive ferroelectric.

The dielectric and magnetic polarizations of quantum paraelectrics and paramagnetic materials have in many cases been found to initially increase with increasing thermal disorder and hence, exhibit peaks as a function of temperature. A quantitative description of these examples of "order-by-disorder" phenomena has remained elusive in nearly ferromagnetic metals and in dielectrics on the border of displacive ferroelectric transitions. Here, we present an experimental study of the evolution of the dielectric susceptibility peak as a function of pressure in the nearly ferroelectric material, strontium titanate, which reveals that the peak position collapses toward absolute zero as the ferroelectric quantum critical point is approached. We show that this behavior can be described in detail without the use of adjustable parameters in terms of the Larkin-Khmelnitskii-Shneerson-Rechester (LKSR) theory, first introduced nearly 50 y ago, of the hybridization of polar and acoustic modes in quantum paraelectrics, in contrast to alternative models that have been proposed. Our study allows us to construct a detailed temperature-pressure phase diagram of a material on the border of a ferroelectric quantum critical point comprising ferroelectric, quantum critical paraelectric, and hybridized polar-acoustic regimes. Furthermore, at the lowest temperatures, below the susceptibility maximum, we observe a regime characterized by a linear temperature dependence of the inverse susceptibility that differs sharply from the quartic temperature dependence predicted by the LKSR theory. We find that this non-LKSR low-temperature regime cannot be accounted for in terms of any detailed model reported in the literature, and its interpretation poses an empirical and conceptual challenge.

Implementing the Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT®) clinical practice framework for aseptic technique: a pragmatic evaluation using a mixed methods approach in two London hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Aseptic technique is an important infection prevention competency for protecting patients from healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Healthcare providers using the Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT®) aseptic technique have demonstrated reduced variability and improved compliance with aseptic technique. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study is to determine whether standardizing aseptic technique for invasive IV procedures, using the ANTT® - Clinical Practice Framework (CPF), increases staff compliance with the infection prevention actions designed to achieve a safe and effective aseptic technique, and whether this is sustainable over time. METHODS: A pragmatic evaluation using a mixed-methods approach consisting of an observational audit of practice, a self-report survey and structured interviews with key stakeholders. Compliance with aseptic technique before and after the implementation of ANTT® was measured by observation of 49 registered healthcare professionals. RESULTS: Mean compliance with competencies was 94%; each component of practice was improved over baseline: hand hygiene = 63% (P ≤ 0.001); glove use = 14% (P ≤ 0.037); Key-Part protection = 54% (P ≤ 0.001); a non-touch technique = 45% (P ≤ 0.001); Key-Part cleaning = 82% (P ≤ 0.001); and aseptic field management = 80% (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Results show implementation of ANTT® improved compliance with the prerequisite steps for safe and effective aseptic technique as defined by the ANTT®-CPF. Improvements in compliance were sustained over four years.

ANTT: a standard approach to aseptic technique.

Aseptic technique is the most commonly performed infection prevention procedure in healthcare; it is also probably the most critical. This article looks at the aseptic non touch technique (ANTT) model for reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). It outlines the principles of ANTT and the approach to practice, and discusses the challenges health professionals still face in reducing HCAIs.

ANTT: an essential tool for effective blood culture collection.

Blood culture collection is an important and topical intravenous procedure for the management of suspected infection. Contaminated samples can lead to 'false positive' results, and inappropriate clinical interventions, which can compromise patient outcome and incur significant expense to healthcare organizations. The contamination of blood culture samples by ineffective aseptic technique has been estimated to be as high as 10% (Department of Health (DH), 2007a). Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT) is a ground-breaking global initiative designed to improve outcomes of aseptic technique through the rationalization and standardization of practice. The ANTT blood culture collection guideline provides nationally peer-reviewed guidance on safe and efficient blood sampling for laboratory culture. The guideline complements the DH's (2007a) Saving Lives summary of best practice for taking blood cultures, providing health professionals with a standardized method of complying with best practice guidance from the epic project (Pratt et al, 2007).

High impact actions: fighting infection.

In this article, Aseptic Non-Touch Technique clinical director Stephen Rowley and Simon Clare, who are both cancer nurses, explain the importance of aseptic technique, Alison Ruffell, a sister in critical care, describes a local initiative to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia and, in conclusion, Jeanette Beer of the National Patient Safety Agency focuses on a national programme to reduce infections associated with central venous catheters.

Working towards an NHS standard for aseptic non-touch technique.

Despite increased NHS funding, health care-associated infection (HCAI) remains a major problem. Polarising the issue is the media's favourite 'superbug'--methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Incidence of MRSA in the UK continues to rise at a higher rate than in other European countries. The National Audit Office estimates the cost of hospital-acquired infection to be 1 bn Pound a year, and it causes 5,000-15,000 deaths annually (NAO, 2000).

Effectiveness of the electronic medical record in improving the management of hypertension.

Clinical studies suggest that hypertension is often undiagnosed, undertreated, and poorly controlled. In 1997, the authors developed a comprehensive electronic medical record that interfaces with physicians during each outpatient visit and provides real-time feedback about patient care management, including the management of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this interactive electronic medical record results in better detection and control of hypertension. During a 12-month study period, consecutive outpatients (n=1076) were seen for routine follow-up; patient care documentation relied solely on the electronic medical record. Quality indicators for hypertension included: 1) documentation of the diagnosis of hypertension; 2) use of blood pressure-lowering drugs; and 3) successful blood pressure lowering to < or =140/90 mm Hg. The authors compared the hypertension management of these patients to a control group of similar patients (n=723) with medical records consisting solely of traditional pen and paper charts. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups, including the prevalence of hypertension (73% vs. 70%; p=NS). However, the electronic medical record resulted in higher documentation rates of hypertension (90% vs. 77%; p<0.001), greater use of antihypertensive therapy (94% vs. 90%; p<0.01), and more successful blood pressure lowering to < or =140/90 mm Hg (54% vs. 28%; p<0.001). In conclusion, the electronic medical record with real-time feedback improves the physicians ability to detect, treat, and control hypertension.