RESUMO
Long-term potentiation and depression of synaptic transmission have been considered as cellular mechanisms of memory in studies conducted in recent decades. These studies were predominantly focused on mechanisms underlying plasticity at excitatory synapses. Nevertheless, normal central nervous system functioning requires maintenance of a balance between inhibition and excitation, suggesting existence of similar modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Here we review the involvement of G-protein-coupled receptors in the generation of long-term changes in synaptic transmission of inhibitory synapses. We considered the role of endocannabinoid and glutamate systems, GABAB and opioid receptors in the induction of long-term potentiation and long-term depression in inhibitory synapses. The pre- and postsynaptic effects of activation of these receptors are also discussed.
Assuntos
Neurônios GABAérgicos/metabolismo , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Potenciação de Longa Duração/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Sinapses/metabolismo , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
Experiments were performed on cultured slices of rat ventral hippocampus. Using extracellular stimulation and patch clamp recording from pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, we studied characteristics of GABAergic synapse formed on these neurons by cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons. This synapse was characterized by asynchronous release of GABA and depolarization-induced suppression of inhibitory response. It was observed that administration of corticosterone increased the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents in 5 minutes, but the paired ratio did not significantly change. Obtained data reflect that corticosterone can induce rapid genome-independent effects on inhibitory neurotransmission in one of hippocampal synapses.
Assuntos
Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Corticosterona/farmacologia , Potenciais Evocados/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios GABAérgicos/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transmissão Sináptica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Animais , Colecistocinina/biossíntese , Estimulação Elétrica , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Interneurônios/metabolismo , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Células Piramidais/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sinapses/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study determines the role of educational programs in the elderly with heart failure outpatients' treatment. 86 elder patients with chronic heart failure NYHA functional class II were investigated. Age features of the use of educational programs are presented. The study shows that using the educational programs makes positive impact on clinical and functional condition, anxiety and quality of life of patients by increasing the adherence to therapy.
