RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Among the measures taken to combat sexism and sexual harassment, prevention courses for medical students are one possibility. We aimed to describe the process of implementing a training course on the prevention of sexism and sexual harassment for medical students in two Swiss medical schools by using the Theater of the Oppressed as an interactive and reflexive tool within the course. The purpose of this theater was to give the students the opportunity to express themselves and to collectively look for and discuss ways to combat and escape from oppressive situations. RESULTS: This collaborative, innovative, and interactive implementation showed that different forms of a training course can be implemented with similar objectives in an adaptable and transferable manner. The interactive and reflexive Theater of the Oppressed was an appropriate option to reach the objectives. Courses were based on identifying and acting on concrete problematic situations by focusing on individual, collective, and institutional resources. Students reported a high level of satisfaction.
Assuntos
Assédio Sexual , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Faculdades de Medicina , Sexismo , Assédio Sexual/prevenção & controleRESUMO
In 2018, a survey conducted by and among medical students in Lausanne revealed that they were witnesses and victims of numerous sexist behaviours during their training and clinical practice. The collected testimonies included accounts of sexual assault, sexual advances and microaggressions that have personal and professional impact on the victims. The CLASH was created with the aim of eradicating these incidents and changing the medical culture through the creation of an awareness-raising campaign, the implementation of a support hotline for victims and the introduction of a practical course during the medical curriculum. Further action at institutional and political level as well as large-scale studies are needed to ensure non-discriminatory training for all in the future.
En 2018, un sondage réalisé à Lausanne par et auprès des étudiant·e·s en médecine révèle qu'iels sont témoins et victimes de nombreux comportements sexistes durant leur formation et leur pratique clinique. Les témoignages récoltés comportaient des récits d'agressions sexuelles, d'avances sexuelles et de microagressions qui ont un impact personnel et professionnel sur les victimes. Le Collectif de lutte contre les attitudes sexistes en milieu hospitalier (CLASH) est créé dans l'optique d'éradiquer ces événements et de changer la culture médicale à travers la création d'une campagne de prévention, la mise en place d'une antenne téléphonique de soutien pour les victimes et celle d'un cours pratique durant le cursus médical. Des actions complémentaires aux niveaux institutionnel et politique ainsi que des études à large échelle sont nécessaires afin d'assurer une médecine équitable pour tou·te·s dans le futur.
Assuntos
Delitos Sexuais , Estudantes de Medicina , Currículo , Feminino , Humanos , Comportamento Sexual , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Scientific research in integrative medicine has undergone significant development in recent years. Several studies published in 2020 focus on the management of chronic pain. Hypnosis has been shown to be as effective in analgesia as cognitive-behavioral therapy and therapeutic education. A study on chronic low back pain showed lower health care costs for patients using complementary medicine. Furthermore, the hypothesis of super responders to acupuncture treatment does not seem to be confirmed. Yoga could be a useful approach in the prevention of migraines. With respect to the management of COVID-19, the addition of traditional Chinese medicine to conventional treatments could reduce a number of symptoms and the length of hospital stays, although the quality of data is limited.
La recherche en médecine intégrative connaît un développement important depuis quelques années. Plusieurs études publiées en 2020 concernent la prise en charge de la douleur chronique. L'hypnose s'est montrée aussi efficace contre la douleur que la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale et l'éducation thérapeutique. Une étude sur les lombalgies chroniques a indiqué des dépenses de santé plus basses pour les patients recourant aux médecines complémentaires. Par ailleurs, l'hypothèse de super-répondeurs à un traitement d'acupuncture ne semble pas se confirmer. Le yoga pourrait être une approche utile dans la prévention des migraines. En ce qui concerne la prise en charge du Covid-19, l'ajout de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise pourrait diminuer certains symptômes et la durée des hospitalisations, bien que la qualité des données reste limitée.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Medicina Integrativa , Terapias Complementares , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gender is an important social determinant, that influences healthcare. The lack of awareness on how gender influences health might lead to gender bias and can contribute to substandard patient care. Our objectives were to assess gender sensitivity and the presence of gender stereotypes among swiss medical students. METHODS: A validated scale (N-GAMS - Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale), with 3 subscores assessing gender sensitivity (GS) and gender stereotypes toward patients (GRIP) and doctors (GRID) (ranging from 1 to 5), was translated into French and was distributed to all medical students registered at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland in April-May 2017. Reliability of the three subscales was assessed calculating the alpha Cronbach coefficient. Mean subscales were calculated for male and female students and compared using two sample t-tests. A linear model was built with each subscale as a dependent variable and students' sex and age as covariables. RESULTS: In total, 396 students answered the N-GAMS questionnaire, their mean age was 22 years old, 62.6% of them were women. GS and GRID sub-scores were not significantly different between female and male students (GS 3.62 for women, 3.70 for men, p = 0.27, GRID 2.10 for women, 2.13 for men, p = 0.76). A statistically significant difference was found in the GRIP subscale, with a mean score of 1.83 for women and 2.07 for men (p < 0.001), which suggests a more gender stereotyped opinion toward patients among male students. A trend was observed with age, gender sensibility increased (p < 0.001) and stereotypes decreased (GRIP p = 0.04, GRID p = 0.02) with students getting older. CONCLUSION: Medical students' gender sensitivity seems to improve throughout the medical curriculum, and women students have less stereotypes towards patients than men do. The implementation of a gender-sensitive teaching in the medical curriculum could improve students' knowledge, limit gender bias and improve patients' care.
