Learning reduced-order models for cardiovascular simulations with graph neural networks.

Reduced-order models based on physics are a popular choice in cardiovascular modeling due to their efficiency, but they may experience loss in accuracy when working with anatomies that contain numerous junctions or pathological conditions. We develop one-dimensional reduced-order models that simulate blood flow dynamics using a graph neural network trained on three-dimensional hemodynamic simulation data. Given the initial condition of the system, the network iteratively predicts the pressure and flow rate at the vessel centerline nodes. Our numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and generalizability of our method in physiological geometries comprising a variety of anatomies and boundary conditions. Our findings demonstrate that our approach can achieve errors below 3% for pressure and flow rate, provided there is adequate training data. As a result, our method exhibits superior performance compared to physics-based one-dimensional models while maintaining high efficiency at inference time.

Utilidad de la consulta electrónica entre los centros de atención primaria y el Servicio de Reumatología de un hospital terciario / Usefulness of an electronic consultation system between primary care health centres and the rheumatology department of a tertiary hospital

Introducción y objetivo: Las enfermedades reumáticas representan casi el 30% de las consultas atendidas en los centros de atención primaria españoles. El objetivo principal fue analizar la demanda de consultas reumatológicas desde atención primaria y su resolución mediante el sistema de consulta electrónica. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de las consultas electrónicas procedentes de los centros de atención primaria del área sanitaria al Servicio de Reumatología de un hospital terciario, entre los meses de julio de 2020 y mayo de 2021. Resultados: Se recogieron las últimas 500 consultas consecutivas. La media de edad de los pacientes fue 59 años; el 74% eran mujeres. Los principales motivos de consulta fueron la osteoporosis y el tratamiento de pacientes en seguimiento por el servicio por artritis reumatoide y espondiloartritis. El tiempo medio de respuesta fue de dos días; el 57% necesitaron ser citados en consulta externa. Discusión: La consulta electrónica permitió resolver, en una media de dos días, las consultas del 42,6% de los pacientes.(AU)

Background and objective: Rheumatic diseases account for almost 30% of consultations attended in Spanish primary care centres. The main objective was to analyse the demand for rheumatology consultations from Primary Care and their resolution using the electronic consultation system. Patients and methods: Retrospective descriptive study of electronic consultations from primary care centres in the health area to the Rheumatology service of a tertiary hospital, between July 2020 and May 2021. Results: The last 500 consecutive consultations were collected. Mean age of patients was 59.5 years; 74.2% were women. Main reasons for consultation were osteoporosis and treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis under follow-up by the department. Mean response time was 2 days. Fifty-seven per cent of patients required outpatient appointments. Discussion: Over 40% of queries were resolved thanks to the electronic consultation system in an average of 2 days, otherwise patients would have been referred to specialized care.(AU)

Usefulness of an electronic consultation system between primary care health centres and the rheumatology department of a tertiary hospital.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Rheumatic diseases account for almost 30% of consultations attended in Spanish primary care centres. The main objective was to analyse the demand for rheumatology consultations from Primary Care and their resolution using the electronic consultation system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of electronic consultations from primary care centres in the health area to the Rheumatology service of a tertiary hospital, between July 2020 and May 2021. RESULTS: The last 500 consecutive consultations were collected. Mean age of patients was 59.5 years; 74.2% were women. Main reasons for consultation were osteoporosis and treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis under follow-up by the department. Mean response time was 2 days. Fifty-seven per cent of patients required outpatient appointments. DISCUSSION: Over 40% of queries were resolved thanks to the electronic consultation system in an average of 2 days, otherwise patients would have been referred to specialized care.

An insight into population structure and genetic progress of Argentinean Holstein cattle.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the most critical issues associated with the limited genetic progress evidenced in the Argentinean Holstein ("Holando Argentino") breed in the last 20 years (only 26% of the phenotypic trend in milk yield was due to genetics). The study comprised the analysis of population structure, realized genetic selection differentials, genetic progress and partition of genetic trends by sex and country of origin from 1936 to 2019 (1,045,582 records; 24,680 sires and 619,322 dams in the pedigree). Average inbreeding steadily increased in the last 15 generations (ΔF = 0.6%, which translates to Ne = 75). Partition of genetic trends revealed that local genetics made a negligible contribution to genetic progress, which for most traits was highly dependent on imported genetics (>80%). Mean generation intervals were fairly constant until 2009 (8-9 years for males and 5-6 years for females, respectively) and then decreased, especially in the paths of sires of bulls and dams of bulls (to 5 and 4 years, respectively) mostly due to the influence of imported sires. The reduction in generation intervals was counterbalanced by a marked deterioration of realized selection differentials, particularly in the path of sires of bulls that nevertheless made the largest contribution to genetic progress. In the last 20 years, realized selection differentials in this path went from 533.6 to 170.8 kg for milk yield and from 16.7 to 13.3 kg for protein yield (1.7-0.5 and 1.6-1.3 standard deviation units, respectively). Among all considered traits (milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, stature, final score and daughter pregnancy rate) in the analysed period, annual genetic gain was negative for milk yield, fairly constant for composition and conformation traits, and positive only in the case of daughter pregnancy rate. Considered together, these results suggest that limited genetic progress is due to the absence of a sound breeding programme that includes genomic selection and a carefully defined selection objective, together with the absence of stronger regulations in germplasm importation; however, other factors such as potential genetics by environment interactions cannot be ruled out.

Severe COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases: a stratified analysis from the SORCOM multicenter registry.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors for severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases, stratified by systemic autoimmune conditions and chronic inflammatory arthritis. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. Patients from 10 Rheumatology departments in Madrid who presented with SARS-CoV-2 infection between Feb 2020 and May 2021 were included. The main outcome was COVID-19 severity (hospital admission or mortality). Risk factors for severity were estimated, adjusting for covariates (sociodemographic, clinical and treatments), using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: 523 patients with COVID-19 were included, among whom 192 (35.6%) patients required hospital admission and 38 (7.3%) died. Male gender, older age and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity were associated with severe COVID-19. Corticosteroid doses over 10 mg/day, rituximab, sulfasalazine and mycophenolate use, were independently associated with worse outcomes. COVID-19 severity decreased over the different pandemic waves. Mortality was higher in the systemic autoimmune conditions (univariate analysis, p<0.001), although there were no differences in overall severity in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms and provides new insights regarding the harmful effects of corticosteroids, rituximab and other therapies (mycophenolate and sulfasalazine) in COVID-19. Methotrexate and anti-TNF therapy were not associated with worse outcomes.

Value Co-creation in Third-Party Managed Virtual Communities and Brand Equity.

Value co-creation continues to be a key issue in the era of marketing 4.0. Despite an increasing amount of research on value co-creation, there is still a lot of ambiguity in the use of certain terms. For example, different names are used to refer to the same concept. Even though the concept of co-innovation or co-production has nearly the same meaning as co-creation, there are certain differences between them that must be clarified. In addition, another difficulty found in the literature is that the co-creation concept is frequently applied to different objects of study, such that it might be dealing with brand value co-creation, co-creation of experience, co-creation attitude, etc. In order to clarify these issues, this paper presents a brief review of the relevant literature on value co-creation.

Educación interprofesional a través de la atención domiciliaria: experiencia tras 2 años de implementación en los grados de Medicina y Enfermería de la Universidad Europea de Madrid / Interprofessional education at home care: A 2 year experience in the degrees of Medicine and Nursing at the Universidad Europea (Madrid)

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda la educación interprofesional cuando estudiantes de 2 o más profesiones sanitarias aprenden juntos, para favorecer el desarrollo de las competencias interprofesionales que les van a permitir trabajar en equipo proporcionando la mejor asistencia sanitaria. En la Universidad Europea de Madrid existe un programa de educación interprofesional que trabaja las competencias de clarificación de roles, comunicación y autoridad, con estudiantes de diferentes titulaciones. Una de sus actividades es la de atención domiciliaria, en la que participan estudiantes de último curso de Medicina y de Enfermería. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la percepción de los estudiantes que han participado en la actividad de atención domiciliaria durante el curso 2016-2017 en relación con las 3 competencias interprofesionales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, de corte fenomenológico. Análisis de los fragmentos de texto de las reflexiones de los estudiantes acerca de la actividad de atención domiciliaria mediante el método de comparaciones constantes (codificación abierta y codificación axial). RESULTADOS: Los estudiantes refieren que la actividad les ha ayudado a conocer mejor el rol y las tareas de los médicos y los enfermeros, de una forma diferente a las prácticas clínicas. En cuanto a la comunicación, la basan en el respeto y la confianza. Por último, en cuando a la autoridad, se decantan mayoritariamente por modelos democráticos y horizontales de toma de decisiones. DISCUSIÓN: Los estudiantes perciben que la actividad resulta útil para el desarrollo de las 3 competencias interprofesionales, lo cual coincide con la literatura científica

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization recommends implementing interprofessional education programs, where students from 2 or more health professions learn together, to improve interprofessional competency development that will help them to improve collaboration and the quality of care and services. At the Universidad Europea from Madrid there is a program on interprofessional education that develops the following competences: role, communication and authority, with students from several degrees. Home care is one of those activities, undertaken by students from the last years of medicine and nursing. The purpose of this research is to analyze the perception of the students about the interprofessional competences after taken the home care activity during the 2016-17 academic year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Phenomenological qualitative design. Student's written comments were analyzed using the constant comparative method (open and axial coding). RESULTS: They got to know better the roles played by each other (doctors and nurses) thanks to the fact of working together. In relation to the way they communicate, they mentioned that adequate communication is based in respect and trust to each other. In relation to the different authority models, most of them tended to use and feel better in more horizontal and democratic ways of decision making. DISCUSSION: Students reported that the activity is useful for improving their interprofessional competencies. It is coincident with other studies

Efectos de la estimulación eléctrica habenular en la modulación de respuestas emocionales en ratas Wistar / Efeitos da estimulação elétrica habenular na modulação de respostas emocionais em ratos Wistar / Effects of electrical stimulation of the habenula on the modulation of emotional responses in Wistar rats

Resumen A pesar del amplio uso de la estimulación cerebral profunda para controlar patologías neurológicas y neuropsiquiátricas, su mecanismo de acción aún no es claramente conocido, y existen pocos estudios sistemáticos que relacionen la variación de parámetros de estimulación eléctrica (frecuencia, intensidad, duración del pulso) y la ejecución comportamental. La habénula es una estructura reguladora de respuestas emocionales diana en tratamientos para dolor crónico y depresión, pero la relación entre su estimulación crónica y el desempeño animal en pruebas conductuales no se ha establecido con claridad. Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto emocional de la estimulación habenular crónica, en este estudio se utilizaron ratas Wistar que recibieron estimulación habenular a intensidad baja (10-80 pA) o alta (120-260 pA) y frecuencia baja (80-150 Hz) o alta (240380 Hz): BIBF-AIBF-BIAF-AIAF, durante 15 minutos a lo largo de tres días consecutivos. Al cuarto día, se hizo la evaluación en un laberinto elevado en cruz y en campo abierto. Los resultados indican un efecto de tipo ansiolítico en el tratamiento BIAF, en comparación con BIBF y AIBF (aumento del número de entradas, porcentaje de tiempo en brazos abiertos y de la distancia recorrida en ellos), efecto que no se explica por cambios en la locomotricidad (distancia recorrida en los brazos cerrados y la exploración en el campo abierto). Se concluye que el parámetro frecuencia posee mayor impacto sobre el efecto comportamental que la intensidad -lo que puede explicar algunos hallazgos paradójicos previos-, que los parámetros utilizados no poseen efecto ansiogénico, y que los efectos potencialmente ansiogénicos de la estimulación a baja frecuencia y el papel de los sistemas dopaminérgicos y serotoninérgicos encontrados deben ser estudiados en futuras investigaciones.

Resumo Apesar do amplo uso da estimulação cerebral profunda para controlar patologias neurológicas e neuropsiquiátricas, seu mecanismo de ação ainda não é claramente conhecido e existem poucos estudos sistemáticos que relacionem a variação de parâmetros de estimulação elétrica (frequência, intensidade, duração do pulso) e a execução comportamental. A habênula é uma estrutura reguladora de respostas emocionais específicas em tratamentos para dor crònica e depressão, mas a relação entre sua estimulação crònica e o desempenho animal em testes comportamentais não foi claramente estabelecida. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito emocional da estimulação habenular crònica, neste estudo foram utilizados ratos Wistar que receberam estimulação habenular de intensidade baixa (10-80 pA) ou alta (120-260 pA) e frequência baixa (80-150 Hz) ou alta (240-380 Hz): BIBF-AIBF-BIAF-AIAF, durante 15 minutos ao longo de três dias consecutivos. No quarto dia, foi feita a avaliação em um labirinto em cruz elevado e em campo aberto. Os resultados indicam um efeito de tipo ansiolítico no tratamento BIAF, em comparação com BIBF e AIBF (aumento do número de entradas, porcentagem de tempo em braços abertos e da distância percorrida neles), efeito que não se explica por mudanças na locomotividade (distância percorrida nos braços fechados e a exploração no campo aberto). Conclui-se que o parâmetro "frequência" tem mais impacto sobre o efeito comportamental do que a "intensidade" - o que pode explicar algumas descobertas paradoxais prévias -, que os parâmetros utilizados não tenham efeito ansiogênico, e que os efeitos potencialmente ansiogênicos da estimulação de baixa frequência e o papel dos sistemas dopaminérgicos e serotoninérgicos encontrados devem ser estudados em pesquisas futuras.

Abstract Deep brain stimulation is a widely-used approach to the treatment of neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. However, its mechanisms remain unclear. There are few systematic studies relating variations on electrical stimulation parameters (frequency, intensity, pulse duration) and behavioral outcome. The habenula relates to emotional behavior and is a main target for chronic pain and depression stimulation treatment. The relation between habenular electrical stimulation and performance in behavioral tests has not been clearly defined. In order to assess the emotional effects of chronic habenular electrical stimulation, Wistar male rats were unilaterally implanted with electrodes aimed to the lateral habenula and assigned to low (10-80 pA) or high (120-260 pA) intensity and low (80-150 Hz) or high (240-380 Hz) frequency conditions: BIBF-AIBF-BIAF-AIAF. They received electrical stimulation 15 minutes/day for three consecutive days and on the fourth day were tested in the elevated plus maze and the open field. The results of these study show that BIAF stimulation has a possible anxiolytic-like effect when compared to BIBF and AIBF (increase in the percentage of open-arms time, entries into the open-arms and total-distance-run in the open-arms). This is not due to any changes in locomotion (total-distance-run and open field exploration). It is concluded that frequency is more important than intensity for behavioral modification. This could explain some previous inconsistent results. The data also suggest that these parameters of stimulation have no anxiogenic effects. The role for dopaminergic and serotonergic systems must be subsequently evaluated as well as potential anxiogenic-like effects of low frequency stimulation.

Modeling of behavioral responses for successful selection of easy-to-train rams for semen collection with an artificial vagina.

The aim of this study was to analyze the reproductive behavioral responses in Australian Merino rams, to identify those related to a faster training for semen collection with an artificial vagina. Eight Australian Merino rams, aged 1.5 years and with no prior sexual experience, were randomly selected from an extensively grazed flock. One immobilized ewe with no hormone stimulation was used for rams to sexually interact and mount. The frequencies of approaching, sniffing, flehmen, pushing, pawing with chin resting, and tongue flicking were recorded during eight training and three post-training assessments periods. In addition, the duration of sniffing and flehmen responses, as well as the time from when the ram started to approach the ewe until the mount with ejaculation (completed mount) were recorded. Descriptive, correlation, and modeling analyses were performed. Amongst the rams, four mounted the ewe and ejaculated for the first time during the training phase, and three mounted and ejaculated for the first time after the training phase. The remaining ram mounted the ewe and ejaculated for the first time during the post-training evaluation in the following year. A great variability in the behavior repertoire was observed among rams. The correlation analysis indicated that the completed mount was associated with the behaviors during the approaching response. The expression of the sniffing response decreased between the training phase and post-training evaluation, while the responses of pushing the ewe and tongue flicking ceased to occur. Pawing the side of the ewe with the chin resting on the back of the ewe and flehmen responses, however, continued between the training and post-training phases. This led to a decrease in the time from when the ram started to approach the ewe until the completed mount. It is concluded that the responses of approaching the ewe, pawing the side of the ewe with chin resting on the ewe, and sniffing of the ewe (the latter occurring only during the training phase) are behavioral indicators that could be used for selection of easy-to-train rams for purposes of semen collection with an artificial vagina.

Microscopic sperm head damage and abnormalities as heat stress indicators in Australian Merino rams (Ovis aries) in Northern Patagonia, Argentina / Danos e anormalidades microscópicas das cabeças espermáticas como indicadores de estresse por calor em carneiros Merino Australiano (Ovis aries) da Patagônia Norte, Argentina

In Northern Patagonia, the mating season starts on March 15th, when rams are submitted to summer temperatures. Exposure of rams to heat stress increases the prevalence of microscopic damage to spermatozoa, morphological abnormalities, and reductions in fertility. This study assesses the adaptive capabilities of six unshorn and six shorn Australian Merino rams, half of which were treated in a heat chamber for eight hours for five days, gradually reaching a temperature of up to 40 °C. Microscopic damage, abnormalities and ultramicroscopic alterations of the plasma membrane and the acrosome of sperm head were analysed. There were significant differences in the percentage of tailless spermatozoa and proximal cytoplasmic droplets between post-treatment periods. Temperature primarily affected the shorn rams and the sperm heads during spermiogenesis. Submicroscopic alterations were observed when the plasma membrane was present in the anterior segment. These alterations can be intact, waved, or dilated. When the plasma membrane was absent, the acrosome might be intact, dilated, and waved. In addition, the outer acrosomal membrane may completely lose its contents or have a nude nucleus. The plasma membrane assumes a waved shape as a result of the effect of temperature on the epididymis. According to this study, the tailless head, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, and the ultramicroscopic categories studied were robust indicators of semen heat stress. After ten weeks, the sperm head recovered its normal shape. Unshorn rams are better adapted to summer heat stress than shorn ones. Microscopy and transmission electron microscopy alterations have been shown to be excellent indicators of thermal stress in Australian Merino rams and may be useful tools to help sheep farmers choose when to begin the mating season, which will vary depending on the environmental conditions of the summer.(AU)

Na Patagônia Norte, os ovinos têm sua estação de acasalamento iniciada em 15 de março, portanto, ficam sujeitos às temperaturas do verão. A exposição de carneiros a estresse térmico aumenta a prevalência de danos microscópicos e anomalias morfológicas nos espermatozoides, que implica uma redução na fertilidade. Este trabalho avaliou a capacidade adaptativa de carneiros Merino Australiano com lã (N = 6) e tosquiados (N = 6): metade ficou ao ar livre e outra metade foi mantida em uma câmara climática por oito horas, durante cinco dias, chegando gradualmente a uma temperatura máxima de 40 °C. Foram analisados danos microscópicos, anormalidades e alterações ultramicroscópicas da membrana plasmática e do acrossoma da cabeça dos espermatozoides. Os resultados microscópicos confirmaram a existência de diferença significativa na porcentagem de espermatozoides sem cauda e com gota citoplasmática proximal, entre os ejaculados pós-tratamento. A temperatura afetou os carneiros tosquiados, principalmente a cabeça de seus espermatozoides, durante a espermatogênese. Alterações submicroscópicas foram observados na membrana plasmática quando ela estava presente no segmento anterior: quando não intacta, ficava ondulada ou dilatada. Quando a membrana plasmática estava ausente, o acrossoma podia se apresentar ondulado ou dilatado. Além disso, sob efeito do calor, a membrana acrossomal externa pode perder completamente seu conteúdo ou apresentar núcleo desnudo. A membrana plasmática assume uma forma ondulada pelo efeito da temperatura no epidídimo. Depois de dez semanas, a cabeça dos espermatozoides recuperou sua forma normal. Como demonstrado neste estudo, a cabeça sem cauda, as gotas citoplasmáticas proximais e as categorias ultramicroscópicas estudadas são indicadores do efeito do estresse térmico no sêmen, e os carneiros com maior cobertura de lã se adaptam melhor ao estresse por calor. Alterações de microscopia e de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão têm se mostrado excelentes indicadores de estresse por calor em carneiros Merino Australiano e podem ser ferramentas úteis para ajudar criadores de ovelhas a escolher quando começar a época de acasalamento, o que irá variar de acordo com as condições ambientais do verão.(AU)

Effect of extreme severe heat stress on respiratory rate in unshorn and shorn Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia / Efeito do estresse por calor extremamente intenso sobre a taxa respiratória de carneiros Merino Australiano com lã e tosquiados da Patagônia Norte, Argentina

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe extreme thermal stress on the respiratory rate (panting) of unsheared and sheared rams in standing and lying position, and to analyse two temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Six mature Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia, three unshorn and three shorn, were subjected to 40 hours (8 hours each day for five days) of gradual increase in temperature from 25°C to 40°C, guaranteeing 4h daily at 40°C in a heat chamber. Respiratory rate (RR) was registered continuously by counting flank movements, and the ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded every five minutes inside the heat chamber. From 1413 RR measurements, descriptive and modelling analyses were performed. Panting as a response variable was distributed into five categories, and fixed effects such as THI, wool (unshorn/shorn), and position (standing/lying) were considered. No significant differences were observed between the panting score in the unshorn (standing or lying) and standing (unshorn or shorn) sheep, but significant differences were observed in shorn and lying rams. The explanations could be that heat production from muscle activity was lower and the transfer and heat lost by conduction to the floor was easier in the rams with shorter fleece (at least 0.7 inches long). However, in the unshorn rams, their wool acted as an insulator, both with air as well as the floor. Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia are heat tolerant to an environment between 31.5°C and 42°C, and 32% to 48% humidity for 40 hours over five days. The rams were in the first phase of panting, and the normal rectal temperatures registered daily when leaving the heat chamber confirmed that regulation of body temperature was possible. The LPHSI's THI was adjusted to improve the analysis of the RR more than the National Research Council's THI.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do estresse térmico extremamente severo sobre a frequência respiratória (ofego) em carneiros com lã e tosquiados, em pé ou deitados, e analisar dois índices de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Seis carneiros Merino Australiano da Patagônia Norte, três com lã e três tosquiados, foram expostos durante 40 horas a aumento gradual de temperatura de 25 a 40°C (oito horas durante cinco dias), garantindo quatro horas diárias a 40°C em uma câmara de calor. A frequência respiratória foi registrada continuamente mediante a contagem dos movimentos do flanco. A temperatura e a umidade relativa ambiente foram registradas a cada cinco minutos dentro da câmara. A partir de 1.413 frequências respiratórias registradas, uma análise descritiva foi realizada e um modelo calculado. A variável de resposta do ofego foi dividida em cinco categorias e os efeitos fixos considerados foram: ITU, lã (com lã ou tosquiado) e posição (em pé ou deitado). Não se observaram diferenças significativas nas frequências de ofego nos carneiros com lã (em pé ou deitados) nem entre os carneiros em pé (com lã e tosquiados), mas foram observadas diferenças significativas nos carneiros tosquiados deitados. Essas diferenças podem ser atribuídas à perda de calor com o solo, facilitada nos carneiros com mecha mais curta (pelo menos 1,8 cm), e à baixa produção de calor de atividade de músculo. Nos carneiros lanados, a lã atua como isolante tanto com o ar quanto com o solo. Os carneiros Merino Australianos do Norte da Patagônia foram adaptados a temperaturas ambiente entre 31,5 e 42°C e 32 e 48% de umidade durante 40 horas em cinco dias. Os carneiros permaneceram na primeira fase do ofego e as temperaturas retais diárias, que se registraram ao deixar a câmara de calor, permaneceram dentro da normalidade, o que demonstra que eles puderam regular a temperatura corporal. Além disso, foram analisados comparativamente os ajustes à frequência respiratória dos ITUs: LPHSI e National Research Council.(AU)

[Youth sexuality: behaviors, attitudes and differences by sex and personality variables in Chilean university students]. / Sexualidad juvenil: prácticas, actitudes y diferencias según sexo y variables de personalidad en universitarios chilenos.

BACKGROUND: Sexual behavior usually begins in adolescence, and is mediated by biological, personality and socio-cultural variables which can affect the expression of preventive and risky sexual performance, as well as sex and age differences. AIM: To determine sex differences in the age of sexual initiation, the use of protective methods and mate selectivity in young men and women, as well as preventive practices according to age, and the prevalence of partner aggression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Participants were 484 university students from public and private institutions, aged 22 ± 3 years (59% women) assessed using a diversity of self-report measures of personality traits, romantic relationship quality, sexual role, attachment type, socio-sexual openness, and self-esteem; they also answered questions regarding sexual behavior, and violence. RESULTS: Differences in age of sexual initiation, risky sexual behavior, and socio-sexual openness were observed between men and women. Aggression prevalence in romantic relationships also varied according to sex and age. Similarities and differences in patterns of behavior and personality variables were observed in relationship quality, sexual role, kindness, and responsibility in males and females. CONCLUSIONS: The findings present consistencies with the international evidence and differences that may be due to context specificities, providing also an empirical referent to consider in health planning.

Sexualidad juvenil: prácticas, actitudes y diferencias según sexo y variables de personalidad en universitarios chilenos / Youth sexuality: behaviors, attitudes and differences by sex and personality variables in Chilean university students

Background: Sexual behavior usually begins in adolescence, and is mediated by biological, personality and socio-cultural variables which can affect the expression of preventive and risky sexual performance, as well as sex and age differences. Aim: To determine sex differences in the age of sexual initiation, the use ofprotective methods and mate selectivity in young men and women, as well as preventive practices according to age, and the prevalence of partner aggression. Subjects and Methods: Participants were 484 university students from public and private institutions, aged 22 ± 3 years (59% women) assessed using a diversity of self-report measures of personality traits, romantic relationship quality, sexual role, attachment type, socio-sexual openness, and self-esteem; they also answered questions regarding sexual behavior, and violence. Results: Differences in age of sexual initiation, risky sexual behavior, and socio-sexual openness were observed between men and women. Aggression prevalence in romantic relationships also varied according to sex and age. Similarities and differences in patterns of behavior and personality variables were observed in relationship quality, sexual role, kindness, and responsibility in males and females. Conclusions: The findings present consistencies with the international evidence and differences that may be due to context specificities, providing also an empirical referent to consider in health planning.

Do online gossipers promote brands?

Online gossip has been recognized as small talk on social networking sites (SNSs) that influences consumer behavior, but little attention has been paid to its role. This study makes three theoretical predictions: (a) propensity to gossip online leads to greater information value, entertainment value, and friendship value; (b) upon exposure to a high-involvement product, online gossipers are more willing to spread such information through electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in search of prestige or fame as a knowledge expert; and (c) this tendency will be more pronounced when they are connected with strong ties (rather than weak ties) and belong to a large network (rather than a small network). An experimental survey was conducted with a scenario method. In total, 818 general consumers participated in the survey. A multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) provides empirical support for prediction (1). With regard to predictions (2) and (3), a series of three-way and two-way between-subjective ANOVAs were performed. When a high-involvement product is promoted, gossipers, rather than nongossipers, are more willing to participate in eWOM on an SNS. Furthermore, a significant interaction effect indicates that online gossipers' willingness to particiapte in eWOM would be more pronounced if they belonged to a large network rather than a small network. However, when a low-involvement product is promoted, no interaction effect is found between online gossip and network size. In closing, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, while important limitations are recognized.

Chilean validation of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) after the earthquake on February 27, 2010.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder in which an individual re-experiences a traumatic event, avoids situations related to it, and shows excessive arousal. The disorder appears after experiencing a life-threatening event, such as a war or a natural disaster. Thus, the validation of tests which assess the disorder after the earthquake on February 27, 2010, in Chile is crucial for its evaluation and subsequent intervention. The present study includes psychometric data for the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) on a sample of 509 survivors of the disaster. Values indicate good psychometric properties of the questionnaire.

Evaluación de la felicidad: análisis psicométrico de la escala de felicidad subjetiva en población chilena / Evaluation of happiness: psychometric analysis of the subjective happiness scale in Chilean population

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999). El objetivo del primer estudio, en que participaron 300 personas de población general, fue estimar confiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal) y validez de constructo de la escala. El segundo estudio, donde participaron 779 personas, tuvo por objetivo obtener indicadores definitivos de confiabilidad y validez en muestras con rangos etarios diversos. Además, evaluó validez convergente y divergente con los instrumentos: Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), Cuestionario de los Cinco Grandes (BFI), y Cuestionario de Optimismo Disposicional (LOT-R). Los principales resultados del primer estudio muestran un alfa de .78 y estabilidad temporal de .61 (8 semanas de diferencias) y una estructura factorialmente pura. Para el segundo estudio la estimación de la confiabilidad estuvo entre .73 y .87 en las diversas muestra estudiadas; se encontró una estructura factorialmente pura; las correlaciones entre la escala de felicidad subjetiva y los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar validez convergente y divergente fueron adecuadas y altamente significativas en la línea de lo esperado teóricamente. La evidencia indica adecuación de la escala para su utilización en la evaluación de este constructo en población chilena.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the subjective happiness scale (Ly-ubomirsky & Lepper, 1999). The objective of the first study involving 300 people from the general population was the estimated reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) and construct validity of the scale. The second study involved 779 people, its purpose was to obtain definitive indicators of reliability and validity in samples with diverse age range. In addition, convergent and divergent validity was evaluated with instruments: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Big Five Questionnaire (BFI), and Dispositional Optimism Questionnaire (LOT-R). The main results of study showed an alpha of .78 and temporal stability of 61 (8 weeks apart) and a pure factorial structure. For the second study, the reliability estimation was between .73 and .87 according to the many samples studied, was found a pure factorial structure, the correlations between subjective happiness scale and instruments used to assess convergent and divergent validity were adequate, highly significant and in line with theoretical expectations. The evidence indicates adequacy of the scale for use in the assessment of this construct in the Chilean population.

Chilean experimental version of the State-Trait Depression Questionnaire (ST-DEP): State subscale (S-DEP).

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder and one of the most important health problems in Chile. The current study shows data for validity and reliability of the State subscale (S-DEP) of the Chilean experimental version of the State-Trait Depression Questionnaire (ST-DEP). The procedure conducted with the original version of the questionnaire was replicated on a sample of 300 university students. The utilized measures were the State Depression Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and neutral depressive, mild depressive, and moderate depressive vignettes. Results indicated that the factor structure was replicable, the internal consistency was good, and the situations were ranked as expected. The scale distinguishes intensities of depression. Clinicians and researchers in Chile are provided with a new measure for state depression.

Evaluación del optimismo: un análisis preliminar del Life Orientation Test versión revisada (lot-r) en población chilena / Optimism Evaluation: preliminary analysis of the Life Orientation Test revised version (lot-r) in chilean population

El optimismo disposicional ha sido investigado ampliamente en diferentes culturas, mostrando su utilidad como variable relacionada y predictora de importantes variables psicológicas y estados de salud. El presente estudio reporta las propiedades psicométricas preliminares del Life Orientation Test (LOT- R), en una muestra de 309 jóvenes universitarios con edades entre los 18 y 25 años, pertenecientes a la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. La estimación de la consistencia interna fue de 0.65. Del análisis factorial exploratorio surge una estructura bifactorial, alusiva a optimismo y pesimismo, que explica un 55.55% de la varianza. No se encuentra diferencia de medias entre hombres y mujeres. En términos generales la evidencia muestra la adecuación del LOT-R para su utilización en Chile.

The dispositional optimism has been researched widely in different cultures,proving its utility as a related variable and as a predictor of importantpsychological variables and states of health. The following study reports thepreliminary psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test (LOT- R), in a sample of 309 young university students with ages between 18 and 25years, from Santiago of Chile. The estimation of the internal consistencywas of 0,65. From the exploratory factorial analysis a two factors structureemerges, of optimism and pessimism, which explain a 55.55% of the variance.There are not significant sex differences between men and women. In general terms, evidence support the adequacy of the test for its use in Chile.

Análisis preliminar y datos normativos del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en adolescentes y adultos de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile / Preliminary analysis and normative Data of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in adolescent and adults of Santiago, Chile

El estudio reporta los análisis preliminares y datos normativos, para una muestra de población general del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado Rasgo (Spielberger, Gorsuch & Lushene, 1970). Los datos fueron obtenidos de una muestra total de 1488 personas entre 13 y 60 años de edad. La consistencia interna obtenida fue .92, para STAI-S y .87 para STAI-R. Del análisis factorial confirmatorio se obtienen dos factores para cada escala. Finalmente, se realizan análisis de comparación de medias para la obtención de datos normativos, para la muestra total diferenciada por sexo y para la muestra de adolescentes y adultos.

The present study reports the preliminary analyses and normative data of the State-Trate anxiety inventory (Spielberger, Gorusch & Lushene, 1970), for a Chilean, general population sample. Data were obtained from a total sample of 1488 people, between 13 and 60 years old. A high internal consistency for STAI-S .92 and for STAI-T .87 is reported. Two factors were obtained from the confirmatory factorial analysis. Finally, analyses of the means were carried out, obtaining normative data for the total sample, differentiated by sex, and for the adolescents and adults sample.