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1.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 4976, 2024 Jun 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38862520

RESUMO

Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) is an evolutionarily conserved secreted glycoprotein which controls signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). TWSG1 binds BMPs and their antagonist Chordin to control BMP signaling during embryonic development, kidney regeneration and cancer. We report crystal structures of TWSG1 alone and in complex with a BMP ligand, Growth Differentiation Factor 5. TWSG1 is composed of two distinct, disulfide-rich domains. The TWSG1 N-terminal domain occupies the BMP type 1 receptor binding site on BMPs, whereas the C-terminal domain binds to a Chordin family member. We show that TWSG1 inhibits BMP function in cellular signaling assays and mouse colon organoids. This inhibitory function is abolished in a TWSG1 mutant that cannot bind BMPs. The same mutation in the Drosophila TWSG1 ortholog Tsg fails to mediate BMP gradient formation required for dorsal-ventral axis patterning of the early embryo. Our studies reveal the evolutionarily conserved mechanism of BMP signaling inhibition by TWSG1.


Assuntos
Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/metabolismo , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/genética , Camundongos , Humanos , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/química , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/genética , Sítios de Ligação , Domínios Proteicos , Ligação Proteica , Organoides/metabolismo , Organoides/embriologia , Células HEK293 , Gastrulação/genética , Mutação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Drosophila melanogaster/embriologia , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Proteínas
2.
Chem Sci ; 10(39): 8995-9000, 2019 Oct 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31762980

RESUMO

Posttranslational attachment of lipids to proteins is important for many cellular functions, and the enzymes responsible for these modifications are implicated in many diseases, from cancer to neurodegeneration. Lipid transferases and hydrolases are increasingly tractable therapeutic targets, but present unique challenges for high-throughput biochemical enzyme assays which hinder development of new inhibitors. We present Acylation-coupled Lipophilic Induction of Polarisation (Acyl-cLIP) as the first universally applicable biochemical lipidation assay, exploiting the hydrophobic nature of lipidated peptides to drive a polarised fluorescence readout. Acyl-cLIP allows sensitive, accurate, real-time measurement of S- or N-palmitoylation, N-myristoylation, S-farnesylation or S-geranylgeranylation. Furthermore, it is applicable to transfer and hydrolysis reactions, and we demonstrate its extension to a high-throughput screening format. We anticipate that Acyl-cLIP will greatly expedite future drug discovery efforts against these challenging targets.

3.
Nat Chem Biol ; 15(10): 975-982, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31548691

RESUMO

Hedgehog (HH) ligands, classical morphogens that pattern embryonic tissues in all animals, are covalently coupled to two lipids-a palmitoyl group at the N terminus and a cholesteroyl group at the C terminus. While the palmitoyl group binds and inactivates Patched 1 (PTCH1), the main receptor for HH ligands, the function of the cholesterol modification has remained mysterious. Using structural and biochemical studies, along with reassessment of previous cryo-electron microscopy structures, we find that the C-terminal cholesterol attached to Sonic hedgehog (Shh) binds the first extracellular domain of PTCH1 and promotes its inactivation, thus triggering HH signaling. Molecular dynamics simulations show that this interaction leads to the closure of a tunnel through PTCH1 that serves as the putative conduit for sterol transport. Thus, Shh inactivates PTCH1 by grasping its extracellular domain with two lipidic pincers, the N-terminal palmitate and the C-terminal cholesterol, which are both inserted into the PTCH1 protein core.


Assuntos
Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Receptor Patched-1/metabolismo , Animais , Colesterol/química , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células HEK293 , Proteínas Hedgehog/química , Proteínas Hedgehog/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Células NIH 3T3 , Receptor Patched-1/química , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica , Anticorpos de Domínio Único
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