Religious Identity and its Relation to Health-Related Quality of Life and COVID-Related Stress of Refugee Children and Adolescents in Germany.

Research shows that religious identity is associated with health. The aim of this study was to understand the role of religious identity for refugee minors' health in greater detail. Middle Eastern refugee minors resettled in Germany and aged 8-18 years completed questionnaires at baseline (T1, n = 246) and follow-up (T2, n = 122) measurement between 2019 and 2022. Religious identity was assessed with a 4-item measure (Cronbach's α = .89). Associations of religious identity at T1 with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at T1, change in HRQoL from T1 to T2, and perceived COVID-related stress at T2, as well as the mediating role of resources were examined. The results showed a positive association between religious identity and HRQoL, which was partially mediated by integration into peer group, but not by ethnic identity, sense of coherence or religious practice. No significant associations between religious identity and change in HRQoL or COVID-related stress occurred. Therefore, cross-sectional analyses support the beneficial role of religious identity for HRQoL and the crucial mediating role of integration into peer group, suggesting the promotion of religious identity or peer group integration. However, the absence of significant effects on change in HRQoL from T1 to T2 and COVID-related stress at T2 do not allow drawing any long-term conclusions.

Radiographic monitoring of the distal insertion of the calcaneofibular ligament in anatomical reconstructions of ankle instabilities: A preliminary cadaveric study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study therefore was to determine radiographic landmarks that support the identification of the insertion site of the distal calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) in anatomic ankle ligament reconstructions. METHODS: In 10 lower limb cadaver specimens the midpoint of the distal CFL insertion was dissected and marked with a nail inserted orthogonally. On a standardized lateral radiograph in neutral ankle position a horizontal tangent was aligned to the deepest visible concavity of the tarsal sinus and one vertical tangent to the farthest posterior convexity of the talus. Additionally, a line was drawn from the radiographically marked distal CFL to the fibular insertion of the CFL to determine the CFL-fibular angle. RESULTS: In relation to the radiographic tangents intersection the mean deviation of the depicted CFL nails was 2.2mm [SD ± 1.1 mm] leading to an angular, circular to slightly oval 6 mm insertion. The scatter-plot of the marked positions convened along a line from the supposed fibular CFL insertion to the intersection in all cases. The mean CFL-fibular angle was 131.7° [SD ± 3.16°]. CONCLUSIONS: Determining a virtual intersection between a horizontal tangent aligned to the deepest visible concavity of the tarsal sinus and one vertical tangent aligned to the farthest posterior convexity of the talus on a standardized lateral radiograph in neutral ankle position supports an anatomic insertion of the distal calcaneofibular ligament most probably.