Multidimensional climatic niche conservatism and invasion risk of Phenacoccus solenopsis.

The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis, a globally invasive insect, is listed as a national quarantine pest in agriculture and forestry, which seriously threatens biological safety of China. Niche conservatism is a key assumption of species distribution model. An evaluation of the applicability of using ecological niche models to assess the invasion risk of cotton mealybug, and further optimizing model complexity, are of both theoretical and practical significance. Based on 706 occurrence records and key bioclimatic variables, we used n-dimensional hypervolume niche analysis method to quantify the climatic niche hypervolumes of this pest in both native and invasive sites, and further tested the niche conservatism hypothesis. MaxEnt model parameters were optimized to predict the invasion risk of the mealybug under current and future climate scenarios in China. The results showed that four climatic variables (annual mean temperature, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter, and precipitation of driest quarter) were the key climate factors affecting the distribution of cotton mealybug. Compared with native climatic niche (hypervolume volume, HV=40.43), the niche hypervolume of cotton mealybug in the invasive areas was significantly reduced (HV=6.04). Niche contraction (the net differences between the amount of space enclosed by each hypervolume was 0.84) explained 98.8% of niche differentiation, whereas niche shift (the replacement of space between hypervolumes was 0.01) contributed less than 2%. The direction of climatic niche contraction of the pest in different invasive areas was not exactly consistent. The default parameters of MaxEnt model were unreliable (ΔAICc=14.27), and the optimal parameter combination was obtained as follows: feature combination was linear-quadratic-hinge-product and regularization multiplier was 0.5. The most suitable habitats of cotton mealybug were concentrated in the south of Huaihe River-Qinling Mountains line, and the north-central provinces contained a large area of low suitable habitat. The increase of suitable habitat was not significant at the end of 21 century (SSP1-2.6: 1.7%, SSP5-8.5: 0.7%). The multidimensional climatic niche of P. solenopsis was highly conservative. The species distribution model was suitable for analyzing its invasion risk. The northward spread was obvious, and climate change had less impact on the pest.

[Characteristics of Organic Matter Composition and Oxidation Potential in Road Dust in Winter in Xi'an].

Roads are the main places where urban people are exposed to atmospheric particulate matter from outdoor activities, and certain oxidatively active substances contained in road particulate matter are important components that induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn endanger human health. Here, we explored the characteristics of organic matter composition in water-soluble (WSM) and methanol-soluble fractions (MSM) of road dust in Xi'an and its oxidation potential (OP). Additionally, we investigated the organic fractions and their distribution based on parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and analyzed the correlation between organic matter types and OP. The results showed that the water-insoluble fraction of road dust in Xi'an contained more chromophoric organic matter with an average total concentration of (4.71±1.27)×104 R.U., which was 12 times higher than that of WSM[(3.96±1.10)×103 R.U.], of which low-oxidizing humic-like substances (HULIS) were the main organic matter (34.8%-43.7% of the total organic matter). The results of cluster analysis showed that the important sources of organic matter in road dust in Xi'an were fuel combustion and industrial production. The mean value of dust oxidative toxicity was (0.34±0.08) pmol·(min·µg)-1, with the water-insoluble fraction providing 70% of the total oxidative toxicity of dust particles, which was 2.4 times higher than the water-soluble fraction. The main precursors of oxidative toxicity of dust particles were metal elements, and special types of organic substances were also one of the important oxidative toxicity precursors, among which chromophore organic matter was the main cause of OP production in the WSM fraction (r=0.35, P<0.01), and protein-like organic matter and highly oxidized HULIS in WSM may have been the main two types of organic substances for OP production. However, there was no significant correlation between organic matter concentration in MSM and water-insoluble OP (OPTotal-OPWSM) (r=-0.04, P>0.1), so the oxidative toxicity of the water-insoluble particulate matter fraction was mainly generated from non-organic matter.

Intestinal prolapse and exposure after peritoneal dialysis in low-birth-weight preterm infants with acute renal failure: a case report.

Background: The mortality rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) in low-birth-weight premature infants with acute renal failure is extremely high. Since small hemodialysis catheters do not exist, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the most suitable dialysis method. At present, only a few studies have reported cases of PD in low-birth-weight newborns. Case Description: On September 8, 2021, a 10-day-old, low-birth-weight preterm infant, who presented with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and acute renal failure, was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China. The patient was the elder of twins and had experienced acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, and anuria following the onset of respiratory distress syndrome. During the initial PD catheterization operation, a double Tenckhoff adult PD catheter cut short by 2 cm was used, with the inner cuff placed in the skin. However, the surgical incision was relatively large, and PD fluid leakage occurred. Later, the incision tore, and the intestines prolapsed when the patient cried. The intestines were returned to the abdominal cavity in an emergency operation, and the PD catheter was placed again. This time, the inner Tenckhoff cuff was placed outside the skin, and PD fluid leakage did not reoccur. However, the patient also experienced a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as severe pneumonia and peritonitis. Following an active rescue, the patient recovered well. Conclusions: The PD method effectively treats low-birth-weight preterm neonates with AKI. An adult Tenckhoff catheter was shortened by 2 cm and successfully used in the PD treatment of a low-birth-weight preterm infant. However, the catheter placement should be outside the skin, and the incision should be as small as possible to avoid leakage and incision tears.

Effect of FTY720 on transfusion-related acute lung injury: a preliminary investigation / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effects and mechanisms of different doses of fingolimod (FTY720) on non-antibody-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). 【Methods】 A TRALI mouse model was constructed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pre-stimulation and platelets (Plt) of different storage days for second strike. The success of the modeling was determined by protein concentration in lung tissue homogenates, myeloperoxidase (MPo) activity, lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), lung tissue damage score and pathological sections. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contents in platelets of different storage days were detected. FTY720 was administered 1 h after LPS injection to investigate the role of FTY720 in TRALI. The expression levels of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were analyzed by WB. 【Results】 Mice infused with stored 5-day Plt (d5Plt group) exhibited typical signs of TRALI, and the differences in lung tissue homogenate protein concentration (6 546.38±409.50) μg/mL, MPO activity (49.38±4.43) U/L, W/D ratio 4.79±0.21, and lung tissue damage score 7.24±0.38 from the rest of the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). With the increase of platelet storage time, the ceramide content gradually increased and S1P content gradually decreased, and the ratio of the two was imbalanced. d5Plt showed statistically significant differences (P<0.01) in ceramide content (58.37±5.69) μmol/L and S1P content (149.81±4.86) nmol/L from the rest of the groups. After preventive administration of FTY720, 1 mg/kg FTY720 had no significant effect on TRALI mice, whose lung tissue homogenate protein concentration (6 170.26±545.50) μg/mL, MPO activity (45.97±4.79) U/L, W/D ratio 4.88±0.25, and lung tissue damage score 7.92±0.65 were significantly higher than those of the normal and LPS control groups (P<0.01). The low-dose (0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 mg/kg) FTY720 group alleviated lung injury, and its protein concentration, MPO activity, W/D ratio, and lung tissue injury score were significantly lower than those of the d5Plt group (P<0.05). Pathological sections also showed similar results. In terms of endothelial intercellular junction protein expression, the VE-cadherin expression levels in the 1 mg/kg FTY720 group were significantly lower than those in the normal and LPS control groups (P<0.05), and the VE-cadherin and ZO-1 expression levels in the low-dose (0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 mg/kg) FTY720 group were significantly higher than those in the d5Plt group (P<0.05), which tended to be normalized. 【Conclusion】 In this study, a TRALI mouse model was successfully established by one strike of LPS and two strikes of d5Plt. Low doses of FTY720 (0.5, 0.2, 0.1 mg/kg) were protective against TRALI, while high doses of FTY720 (1 mg/kg) may aggravate the symptoms of TRALI. This protective effect may be somewhat dependent on the expression of VE-cadherin and ZO-1.

Oncologic outcomes of surgical treatments of advanced sinonasal malignancies / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the prognoses of advanced (T3-T4) sinonasal malignancies (SNM). Methods: The clinical data of 229 patients with advanced (T3-4) SNM who underwent surgical treatments in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2000 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 162 males and 67 females, aged (46.8±18.5) years old. Among them, 167 cases received endoscopic surgery alone, 30 cases received assisted incision endoscopic surgery, and 32 cases received open surgery. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to explore significant prognostic factors. Results: The 3-year and 5-year OS were respectively 69.7% and 64.0%. The median OS time was 43 months. The 3-year and 5-year EFS were respectively 57.8% and 47.4%. The median EFS time was 34 months. The 5-year OS of the patients with epithelial-derived tumors was better than that of the patients with mesenchymal-derived tumors and malignant melanoma (5-year OS was respectively 72.3%, 47.8% and 30.0%, χ2=36.01, P<0.001). Patients with microscopically margin-negative resection (R0 resection) had the best prognosis, followed by macroscopically margin-negative resection (R1 resection), and debulking surgery was the worst (5-year OS was respectively 78.4%, 55.1% and 37.4%, χ2=24.63, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in 5-year OS between the endoscopic surgery group and the open surgery group (65.8% vs. 53.4%, χ2=2.66, P=0.102). Older patients had worse OS (HR=1.02, P=0.011) and EFS (HR=1.01, P=0.027). Patients receiving adjuvant therapy had a lower risk of death (HR=0.62, P=0.038). Patients with a history of nasal radiotherapy had a higher risk of recurrence (HR=2.48, P=0.002) and a higher risk of death (HR=2.03, P=0.020). Conclusion: For patients with advanced SNM, the efficacy of endoscopic surgery can be comparable to that of open surgery when presence of safe surgical margins, and a treatment plan based on transnasal endoscopic surgery as the main comprehensive treatment is recommended.

Study on the correlation between early three-dimensional gait analysis and clinical efficacy after robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Robot-assisted technology is a forefront of surgical innovation that improves the accuracy of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). But whether the accuracy of surgery can improve the clinical efficacy still needs further research. The purpose of this study is to perform three-dimensional (3D) analysis in the early postoperative period of patients who received robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA), and to study the trend of changes in gait parameters after RATKA and the correlation with the early clinical efficacy.@*METHODS@#Patients who received RATKA in the Center of Joint Surgery, the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Military Medical University from October 2020 to January 2021 were included. The imaging parameters, i.e., hip-knee-ankle angle, lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, posterior condylar angle were measured 3 months post-TKA. The 3D gait analysis and clinical efficacy by Western Ontario Mac Master University Index (WOMAC) score were performed pre-TKA, 3 and 6 months post-TKA. The differences in spatiotemporal parameters of gait, kinetic parameters, and kinematic parameters of the operated limb and the contralateral limb were compared. The correlation between gait parameters and WOMAC scores was analyzed. Paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to analyze the difference between groups, and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation.@*RESULTS@#There were 31 patients included in this study, and the imaging indexes showed that all of them returned to normal post-TKA. The WOMAC score at 3 months post-TKA was significantly lower than that pre-TKA, and there was no significant difference between at 3 and 6 months. The 3D gait analysis results showed that the double support time of the operated limb reduced at 3 and 6 months (all p < 0.05), the maximum extension and maximum external rotation of the knee joint increased at stance phase, and the maximum flexion angle, the range of motion and the maximum external rotation increased at swing phase. Compared with the preoperative data, there were significant improvements (all p < 0.05). Compared with the contralateral knee joint, the maximum external rotation of the knee joint at swing phase was smaller than that of the contralateral side, and the maximum flexion and extension moment was greater than that of the contralateral knee. The maximum external rotation moment of the joint was greater than that of the contralateral knee joint (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the single support time pre-TKA and the WOMAC score at 3 months (p = 0.017), and the single support time at 3 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.043). The cadence at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.031). The maximum knee extension at stance phase at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 month (p = 0.048). The maximum external rotation at stance phase at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.024).@*CONCLUSION@#The 3D gait analysis of RATKA patients is more sensitive than WOMAC score in evaluating the clinical efficacy. Trend of changes in gait parameters shows that the knee joint support, flexion and extension function, range of motion, external rotation and varus deformity moment of the patient were significantly improved at 3 months after surgery, and continued to 6 months after surgery. Compared with the contralateral knee, the gait parameters of the operated limb still has significant gaps in functionality, such as the external rotation and flexion and extension. The single support time, cadence, knee extension, and knee external rotation of the operated limb have a greater correlation with the postoperative WOMAC score. Postoperative rehabilitation exercises should be emphasized, which is of great value for improving the early efficacy of RATKA.

Efficacy of one-incision remoual of axillary apocrine glands in children and adult patients with axillary osmidrosis: a comparative analysis / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of single incision apocrine gland excision in the treatment of children and adult patients with axillary osmidrosis.Methods:Medical records and follow-up results were reviewed for 164 patients who underwent surgical treatment in our department by the same surgeon from January 2013 to December 2016. There were 54 males and 110 females, aged 8-61 years. with a median age of 22 years. The patients were divided into the children group ( n=31) and the adults group ( n=133), and differences between the two groups were compared. Results:The end point of follow-up was December 2019, the cure and overall satisfaction rates in the third year after surgery were 77.6% (125/161) and 88.2% (142/161) for the total population, including 87.5% (27/31) and 93.5% (29/31) for the children, respectively. There were no significantly differences in the cure rate, scar, pigmentation and the patients' satisfaction between two groups during the follow-up. The cure rate, significantly improved rate and satisfaction rate in patients who became adult during the follow-up were 80.0% (20/25), 92.0% (23/25) and 96.0% (24/25), respectively.Conclusions:Single incision apocrine gland excision could be performed for children patients. Our procedure is safe, reliable and consistant, and worthy of clinical application.

A multicenter clinical study of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of the domestic "Skywalker" surgical robot in implementing personalized lower limb alignment reconstruction scheme in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the short-term clinical outcome of robotic assisted TKA.Methods:From September 2020 to January 2021, the data of patients who received surgical robot assisted TKA in 5 clinical centers in China (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Southwest Hospital affiliated to Third Military Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, and Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine was the group leader) were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. There were 24 males and 82 females with an average age of 67.6±7.3 years, (range 45-80 years); Average body mass index 26.42±4.31 kg/m 2, all the operation were performed by "Skywalker" surgical robot system according to preoperative design based on CT. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization days and postoperative complications were recorded, and the imaging indexes including hip-knee-ankle (HKA), lateral distal angle of femur (LDFA) and medial proximal angle of tibia (MPTA) measured before and after the operation, implant model indexes (preoperative planning implant model and postoperative implant model) and short-term clinical efficacy indexes [Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index] pain score, stiffness score, joint function score, total score and SF-12 score before and 3 months after the operation) were compared. Results:The average follow-up period was 109.60±9.80 d, (range 95-143 d). The average operation time of 106 patients was 105.30±23.22 min; The average intraoperative blood loss was 141.70±58.33 ml; The average length of hospitalization was 5.82±2.80 d. One patient had ischemic stroke after operation, and one patient had abnormal liver function after operation. According to the judgment of the investigator, all of them were not related to the operation. The actual angle error is the difference between the preoperative planning angle and the postoperative measurement angle. The absolute error of 99.1% (105/106) of the HKA angle was within 3°, 90.8% (69/76) of LDFA, 98.7% (75/76) of the MPTA. In 45 patients in one center where data were available, the actual implant models used in all patients were consistent with the preoperative planning size, and there were only differences in version selection such as Asian condyle. WOMAC pain score, joint function score, total score was improved from 7.34±2.85, 25.10±9.85, 34.75±13.02 to 3.34±2.66, 14.68±9.64, 18.66±13.49 before and after operation, respectively, which were statistically significant ( P<0.001) and SF-12 physiological score and psychological score were improved form 27.24±6.42, 30.68±8.26 to 38.83±5.74, 39.36±7.85 before and after operation, respectively, which were statistically significant ( t=7.33, P<0.001; t=4.53, P=0.043). Conclusion:Domestic surgical robot system "Skywalker" can assist the surgeon to achieve accurate and personalized reconstruction of lower limb alignment and achieve satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes. The long-term clinical outcomes of personalized reconstruction and survival rate of implant still need to be further studied.

The pathological role of hypersplenism in the course of liver cirrhosis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Hypersplenism is an important complication of cirrhotic portal hypertension, and splenectomy is an important means to treat hypersplenism in cirrhosis. It is realized that hypersplenism played a pathological role in the course of cirrhosis. This article analyzes and compares the changes in the condition of patients with cirrhosis between splenectomy with and without hyperfunction, and comprehensively discusses the pathological role and mechanism of hypersplenism in the course of cirrhosis, in order to strengthen the clinical prevention and treatment of hypersplenism in cirrhosis and to better improve the condition and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis.

The role of Toll-like receptor 4-mediated immune inflammation in inorganic arsenic-induced liver fibrosis in rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To observe the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway-related proteins and their phosphorylation in the liver tissues of rats with inorganic arsenic poisoning, and to explore the role of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway in arsenic-induced liver fibrosis injury.Methods:Eighteen healthy weanling SD rats were divided into 3 groups according to their body weight (80 - 100 g) using a random number table (6 rats in each group, half males and half females). The control group was given 10 ml/kg of normal saline by gavage. The sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2) exposure group was given 10 mg/kg of NaAsO 2 by gavage. The TAK-242 intervention group was given 10 mg/kg of NaAsO 2 by gavage, and 0.5 mg/kg of TAK-242 was also administered intraperitoneally to inhibit TLR4 after 12 weeks. All rats were administered 6 days a week for 36 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the liver tissues and serum of the rats in each group were collected. HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological and fibrotic changes of the liver tissues. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum liver function indexes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of rat liver fibrosis protein α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Vimentin and TLR4 signaling pathway-related proteins TLR4, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-p65 subunit (p65), NF-κB-p50 subunit (p50) and their phosphorylation p-p65 and p-p50 expression levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion levels of inflammatory related factors interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-10. Results:HE and Masson staining results showed that compared with the control group, the NaAsO 2 exposure group showed significant inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte necrosis and collagen fibrous deposition, while the TAK-242 intervention group showed improvement of the inflammatory cell infiltration and reduction of collagen fibrous deposition compared with the NaAsO 2 exposure group. The results of serum liver function indexes showed that ALT, AST and ALP in NaAsO 2 exposure group were increased compared with the control group, but the TAK-242 intervention group was significantly decreased compared with the NaAsO 2 exposure group ( P < 0.05). Western bolt results showed that in NaAsO 2 exposure group, the expression levels of fibrosis protein α-SMA, TGF-β1 and Vimentin (1.04 ± 0.19, 0.92 ± 0.14, 1.20 ± 0.21) and TLR4 signaling pathway-related proteins and their phosphorylation TLR4, p50, p-p50 and p-p65 (1.16 ± 0.21, 0.95 ± 0.16, 1.24 ± 0.23, 1.56 ± 0.25) were higher than the control group (0.44 ± 0.08, 0.42 ± 0.08, 0.72 ± 0.07, 0.69 ± 0.15, 0.71 ± 0.11, 0.46 ± 0.07, 0.54 ± 0.11, P < 0.05), and the TAK-242 intervention group (0.60 ± 0.13, 0.59 ± 0.16, 0.49 ± 0.11, 0.47 ± 0.08, 0.86 ± 0.09, 0.79 ± 0.14, 1.02 ± 0.17) were lower than the NaAsO 2 exposure group ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression level of TLR4 signal pathway-related protein p65 among the three groups ( F = 14.29, P = 0.053). ELISA results showed that the secretion levels of IL-6 and TNF-α [(98.89 ± 4.58), (83.25 ± 4.57) ng/g] in rats liver tissues of the NaAsO 2 exposure group were higher than the control group [(27.30 ± 3.92), (27.77 ± 1.83) ng/g, P < 0.05], while the secretion level of IL-10 [(36.88 ± 3.86) ng/g] was lower than the control group [(77.96 ± 7.87) ng/g, P < 0.05]. In TAK-242 intervention group, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion levels [(44.32 ± 3.60), (36.51 ± 2.93) ng/g] were lower and IL-10 secretion level [(60.40 ± 4.94) ng/g] was higher compared with the NaAsO 2 exposure group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway-related proteins and their phosphorylation are highly expressed in the liver tissues of rats with inorganic arsenic poisoning, and inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway could significantly reduce the degree of liver fibrosis injury caused by inorganic arsenic in rats.

Effect and Mechanism of Nongsuo Dangguiwan in Relieving Oxidative Stress in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Rats Based on Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Nongsuo Dangguiwan in improving ovarian oxidative stress in rats with ovarian dysfunction. MethodThirty-six adult female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， positive drug group （Femoston， 0.3 mg·kg-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose groups of concentrated Nongsuo Dangguiwan （2.08， 4.16， 8.32 g·kg-1）， with six rats in each group. Rats， except for those in the normal group， were injected with 80 mg·kg-1 vinyl cyclohexene dioxide （VCD） per day for 14 consecutive days to induce ovarian dysfunction. From the 15th day， rats were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage， while those in the model group received 2 mL·kg-1 saline， once daily for 28 consecutive days. The ovarian index， levels of related hormones including estradiol （E2）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and anti-mullerian hormone （AMH） in serum， as well as superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and glutathione （GSH） content in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content in serum was detected by the thiobarbituric acid （TAB） method. Ovarian morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， SOD2， and SOD1 in ovarian tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant reduction in growing follicles in the ovary， loose arrangement of granulosa cells in the follicle， decreased body weight， ovarian index， and serum AMH and E2 levels， increased LH and FSH levels （P<0.01）， reduced levels of SOD and GSH in serum （P<0.01）， and increased MDA level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed increased ovarian index （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased serum E2 level （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased FSH， AMH， and LH levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased number of growing follicles in the ovary， potentiated SOD activity in serum， increased GSH content， decreased MDA content （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1， SOD2， and SOD1 proteins in ovarian tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionNongsuo Dangguiwan can regulate serum hormone levels， increase the expression of Nrf2， HO-1， SOD2， and SOD1 in ovarian tissues， and improve ovarian antioxidant capacity to resist oxidative stress injury， thereby improving ovarian reserve function.

Effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction on apoptosis and EMT of pulmonary fibrosis model rats by JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction on apoptosis and EMT of pulmonary fibrosis model rats by JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, methylprednisolone group, Taohong Siwu Decoction low-concentration, high-concentration group respectively, with eight cases in each group. The intratracheal injection of bleomycin was applied to induce IPF rat models. HE and Masson staining were performed to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues in each group. ELISA was used to detect the contents of TNF-α, MMP-7 and TGFβ-l in serum of rats. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to detect the protein expression of JAK2, pJAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, E-cadherin, α-SMA in lung tissues. RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of JAK2, STAT3, Bcl2 and Bax genes in lung tissues. Results Compared with control group, the degree of alveolar inflammation and fibrosis degree, the contents of TNF-α, MMP-7 and TGFβ-1 in serum, the levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, α-SMA protein expression, JAK2, STAT3, Bax gene expression were up-regulated, and the levels of Bcl-2 gene and E-cadherin protein expression were down-regulated in lung tissues. Compared with model group, the degree of alveolar inflammation and fibrosis, the contents of TNF-α, MMP-7 and TGFβ-1 in serum, the levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3, α-SMA protein expression, JAK2, STAT3 and Bax gene expression were reduced, while the levels of Bcl-2 gene and E-cadherin protein expression were elevated in Taohong Siwu Decoction high-concentration group. Conclusions Taohong Siwu Decoction may regulate JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, down-regulate Bax, α-SMA and up-regulate Bcl-2, E-cadherin expression to induce apoptosis and EMT in rat model of pulmonary fibrosis, thus playing an anti-pulmonary fibrosis role.

The Mechanism Study of Moxa Combustion Products on Regulating Vascular Endothelial Function in Atherosclerotic Mice.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-atherogenic effect of moxa combustion products (MCPs) and whether it is mediated through improving the vascular endothelial function in ApoE-/- mice. Methods: A total of 60 male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into the moxa smoke (MS) group, filtered moxa smoke (FMS) group, moxa floss volatile (MFV) group, essential oil of Artemisia argyi (EOAA) group, and model group (n = 12/group), while 12 male C57BL/6 mice were used as the control group. The six groups were intervened for 20 min/day, 6 days/week. After 14 weeks of intervention, the mice were euthanized and their blood lipids were measured. The aortic roots and thoracic aortas were collected for haematoxylin and eosin (HE) or Oil Red O staining, respectively. The contents of AMPK, PI3K, Akt, and eNOS mRNA in the thoracic aortas were examined by RT-qPCR. Results: The MS group and FMS group showed significantly lower plaque area percentage in the aortic roots and thoracic aortas and higher contents of AMPK-mRNA and eNOS-mRNA in the thoracic aortas compared with the model group. Conclusion: MS and FMS equally suppressed the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. It was suggested that the particulate matter in MS may not be the key components of moxibustion.

Role of mitogen-inducible gene 6 in the activation of human hepatic stellate cells and deposition of extracellular matrix induced by sodium arsenite / 环境与职业医学

Background Arsenic is a well-known environmental toxicant. Hepatic fibrosis could occur dueto excessive or long-term exposure to arsenic, while associated molecular mechanisms remain undefined. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) exhibits a protective effect on numerous diseases or cancers. However, the specific role of Mig-6 in the mechanisms of arsenite-induced hepatic fibrosis remains indistinct. Objective To investigate the specific role of Mig-6 in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Methods Human hepatic stellate cells (Lx-2) were treated with 0, 1.875, 3.75, 7.5, and 15 μmol·L−1 of NaAsO2 for 24 h, or with 7.5 μmol·L−1 NaAsO2 for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Additionally, Lx-2 cells were transfected by pcDNA3.1(+)/Mig-6, then treated with 7.5 μmol·L−1 NaAsO2 for 24 h; a blank control group, a pcDNA3.1(+)-control group, a pcDNA3.1(+)/Mig-6 group, and an arsenic (7.5 μmol·L−1 NaAsO2) group were also set up. After transfection, the cells and culture supernatants were collected, and the protein levels of Mig-6, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in Lx-2 cells were identified by Western blotting analysis; moreover, the secretion levels of main ECM components in supernatants such as hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), collagens IV (COL-IV), and procollagen-III (PIIINP) were tested by ELISA. Results The Mig-6 expression decreased in the 3.75, 7.5, and 15 μmol·L−1 NaAsO2 groups (0.561±0.095, 0.695±0.048, and 0.401±0.030) compared to the control group (1.000±0.000) in Lx-2 cells (P<0.05). After administration with 7.5 μmol·L−1 of NaAsO2 for 24, 48, and 72 h, the Mig-6 expression (0.856±0.036, 0.515±0.077, 0.491±0.060) decreased compared with the 0 h group (1.000±0.000) (P<0.05). After over-expression of Mig-6, the results of Lx-2 activation related protein levels showed that compared to the control group, the α-SMA and TGF-β1 expression were up-regulated in the arsenic group (P<0.05); meanwhile, the α-SMA and TGF-β1 in the Mig-6 over-expression combined arsenic exposure group reduced compared to the arsenic (7.5 μmol·L−1) group (P<0.05). The results of ELISA showed that compared with the control group, the HA, LN, PIIINP, COL-IV in the arsenic group were up-regulated (P<0.05); while compared to the arsenic group, the HA, LN, PIIINP, and COL-IV in the Mig-6 over-expression combined with arsenic exposure group were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Arsenic down-regulates Mig-6 expression in HSC, and over-expression of Mig-6 can reverse the activation of HSC and ECM deposition induced by arsenic exposure. It suggests that Mig-6 plays a protective role in arsenic-induced HSC activation and ECM deposition.

Liver quality standards and donor scoring system for citizen organ donation after death / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To establish donor liver quality related risk factors for the loss of function of transplanted liver.Methods:The data of donors and recipients of liver transplantation at the Organ Donation and Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Nov 2011 to Dec 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to evaluate and screen the data of donors and recipients, in order to balance the covariates.Results:Of the organ donation, there were 70 males and 20 females , aging (40.6±16.3) years. Of the liver transplantation recipients, there were 70 males and 20 females , aging (41.8±20.3) years. Liver dysfunction after transplantation was significantly correlated with the following variables: the donor's CPR time( t=0.429, P=0.000), 15-minute retention rate of indocyanine green ( χ2=67.151, P=0.000), liver function grading ( χ2=54.154, P=0.000), bullae fatty liver grading ( χ2=8.120, P=0.017), vesicular fatty liver grading ( χ2=16.000, P=0.001), ICU stay time ( χ2=14.900, P=0.001)and serum creatinine level ( χ2=44.685, P=0.000). The donor scoring system was established in our studying. For the 90 organ donation cases, the donated liver quality were classified into four levels,which were of good correspondence to the prognosis of the recipients. Conclusion:This donor scoring system and grading standards established by analyzing the high-risk factors of liver dysfunction after transplantation helps evaluate the quality of donor liver in China.

Metformin improves polycystic ovary syndrome and activates female germline stem cells in mice / 生理学报

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease caused by complex endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in women of childbearing age. Metformin is the most widely used oral hypoglycemic drug in clinic. In recent years, metformin has been used in the treatment of PCOS, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of metformin on PCOS and its mechanism through PCOS mouse model. Female C57BL/6J mice aged 4-5 weeks were intragastrically given letrozole (1 mg/kg daily) combined with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 21 days to establish the PCOS model. After modeling, metformin (200 mg/kg daily) was intragastrically administered. One month later, the body weight and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. Hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of ovary. The serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), E2 and testosterone (T) were measured by ELISA. The expression of DDX4/MVH was detected by immunohistochemistry. DDX4/MVH and PCNA were co-labeled by immunofluorescence. The protein levels of DDX4/MVH, PCNA, cyclin D2, AMPK and mTOR were detected by Western blot. The results showed that after metformin treatment, the body weights of PCOS mice were gradually returned to normal, glucose tolerance was significantly improved, serum E2 levels were increased, while AMH, LH, T levels and LH/FSH ratio were decreased. Ovarian polycystic lesions were reduced with reduced atresia follicles. Furthermore, the number of proliferative female germline stem cells (FGSCs) and levels of proliferation related proteins (PCNA, cyclin D2) were significantly increased, and the p-mTOR and p-AMPK levels were markedly up-regulated. These results suggest that metformin treatment not only improves hyperandrogenemia, glucose intolerance and polycystic ovarian lesions in PCOS, but also activates the function of FGSCs. The underlying mechanism may be related to the phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR. These findings provide new evidence to use metformin in the treatment of PCOS and follicular development disorder.

Digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) is increasing in recent years. Its diagnosis, lymph node metastasis and digestive tract reconstruction are all different from those of upper gastric cancer. With the development of the concept of function preserving surgery for gastric cancer, the clinical application of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy in AEG is increasing. In this kind of operation, in addition to ensuring sufficient radical cure of tumor, the short-term smooth recovery and long-term quality of life of patients are also important. The reconstruction of digestive tract after proximal stomach operation is of great significance. According to the author's own practical experience, in clinical work, the author selects different surgical resection scope and digestive tract reconstruction methods according to Siewert classification of AEG. For Siewert Ⅱ AEG, laparoscopic PG is mostly used, and laparoscopic esophageal tubular gastric side-to-side anastomosis or double channel anastomosis is mostly used for digestive tract reconstruction. It is believed that with the emergence of long-term follow-up results and the development of multicenter randomized controlled research, some controversial questions will be better answered. We should pay attention to the individual differences of patients. For different individuals, combined with the operator's experience, on the basis of ensuring the radical cure of tumor, we should adopt appropriate surgical resection scope and digestive tract reconstruction, so as to bring better long-term quality of life for patients.

Effects of sodium arsenite on liver fibrosis and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation-related proteins in SD rats / 环境与职业医学

Background Long-term exposure to sodium arsenite leads to its accumulation in the liver and liver injury as a result. Previous studies showed that mesenchymal cells play an important role in hepatic fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is considered to be a main source of mesenchymal cells. Objective To investigate the effects of sodium arsenite at different doses on liver fibrosis and EMT-related protein expressions in SD rats. Methods Twenty-four healthy weaned SD rats, half male and half female, were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight, with 6 rats in each group. The four groups were control group (gavage with 10.0 mL·kg−1 physiological saline), 2.5 mg·kg−1 sodium arsenite group, 5.0 mg·kg−1 sodium arsenite group, and 10.0 mg·kg−1 sodium arsenite group. All rats were gavaged 6 d per week for 36 weeks and weighed once a week, the serum and liver tissues of rats were collected and weighed, then the organ coefficient was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used to determine the pathological changes of hepatic fibrosis in rats. The serum secretion levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen Ⅲ N-terminal propeptide (PⅢNP), and collagen Ⅳ (COL-Ⅳ) in rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of HSCs activation-related proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), as well as EMT-related markers, such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail, were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the 10.0 mg·kg−1 sodium arsenite group showed decreased body weight (P<0.05) and increased liver coefficient (P<0.05) of female and male rats. The pathological staining showed that, compared with the control group, a large number of inflammatory cells were observed in liver tissue of rats exposed to sodium arsenite, liver parenchymal cells were also liquefied, necrotic, and denatured, and the collagen positive staining area of liver tissue showed an upward trend along with the increase of arsenic exposure dose (P<0.05). The results of ELISA and Western blotting showed that the serum secretion levels of HA, LN, PⅢNP, and COL-Ⅳ in the 5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg−1 sodium arsenite groups were higher than those in the control group and the 2.5 mg·kg−1 sodium arsenite group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 proteins in liver tissue were increased in each sodium arsenite exposure group (P<0.05), the expression levels of E-cadherin protein were decreased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail were increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Sodium arsenite exposure can induce HSCs activation and liver fibrosis injury in SD rats, resulting in increased extracellular matrix secretion levels, accompanied by EMT in liver tissue, suggesting that EMT is closely related to the process of liver fibrosis caused by arsenic.

Effect of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo Prescription on Ovarian Function in Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription in the improvement of ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. MethodSeventy female SD rats in SPF grade were randomly divided into 6 groups， 15 in the blank group and 15 in the model group， 10 in the metformin group （0.1 g·kg-1·d-1）， and 10 in the low （1.275 g·kg-1·d-1）， medium （2.55 g·kg-1·d-1）， and high-dose （5.10 g·kg-1·d-1） Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription groups. The blank group was given normal saline （10 mL·kg-1·d-1） by gavage and ordinary feed， and the other groups were given letrozole （1 mg·kg-1·d-1） by gavage combined with high-fat feed for 21 days to induce the model of PCOS. After modeling， the blank group and model group were given equal volume normal saline by gavage， and each drug group was given the corresponding dose of the drug by gavage for 30 days. The changes in body mass and fasting blood glucose （FPG） of rats before and after modeling were compared. Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological change in the ovaries of rats in each group. The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， testosterone （T）， anti-Mullerian hormone （AMH）， and estradiol （E2） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the LH/FSH ratio was calculated. Immunohistochemical staining （IHC） and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of nucleoside binding oligomerization domain protein like receptor 3 （NALP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC）， cysteine protease-1 （Caspase-1）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the rat ovaries. ResultAs compared with the blank group， large follicles with polycystic expansion were found in the ovaries of the model group， no dominant follicles were found， the granular layer of follicles decreased and arranged loosely， and the number of corpus luteum decreased significantly. Serum T， LH， AMH and LH/FSH increased in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while FSH and E2 decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The relative protein expression levels of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-18， and IL-6 increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the ovaries of the model group. Compared with the model group， the low， medium， and high-dose Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription groups and the metformin group showed growing follicles and corpus luteum at all levels， the number of cystic expanding follicles decreased， the thickness of follicular granular layer increased， the number of follicular fluid increased， mature follicles were visible， and the local morphology of oocytes was complete. Serum T， LH， AMH， and LH/FSH in these groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while E2 and FSH increased （P<0.05）. The relative protein expressions of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-18， and IL-6 in the ovaries of these groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no significant difference among the treatment groups. ConclusionBy inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome， Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription reduces the release of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-18， IL-1β， and IL-6 inflammatory factors in ovarian tissues， regulates endocrine level， and effectively reduces PCOS inflammatory statu， so as to play a role in improving ovarian function.

Robotic arm-assisted arthroplasty: The latest developments / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Joint arthroplasty is an effective method for treating end-stage joint lesions and damages. Robotic arm-assisted arthroplasty, a rapidly developing technology that combines navigation technology, minimally invasive technology, and precise control technology of the robotic arm, can achieve accurate preoperative planning, optimal selection of implants, minimally invasive surgery, precise osteotomy, and accurate placement of the artificial joint. It has the characteristics of high accuracy and stability, and thus is more and more widely used in the field of joint surgery. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the application and clinical efficacy of robotic arm-assisted technology in hip and knee arthroplasty to provide reference for its future promotion.