Effectiveness of the I2AO2 interdisciplinary programme led by nurses on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary programme led by nurses in relation to metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular risk (CVR). Methods This randomized, controlled, clinical trial included 74 patients diagnosed with MS (experimental group [EG], n = 37; control group [CG], n = 37). The intervention consisted of a 12-month interdisciplinary programme (pre-test, 6 months of intervention, 12 months of intervention, and 1-year follow-up post-intervention) coordinated by nursing. Results We found a progressive and significant reduction for all clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters analysed at different time points. In the EG, remission of MS by 48.1% in the short term was observed (83.8% in the medium term) and maintained at 1 year post-intervention. In the CG, the prevalence of MS increased by 2.7% from the initial evaluation to study completion. A similar trend was observed for CVR. In the EG, 100% of subjects had a moderate-low risk of CVR at 1 year post-intervention, whereas the CG had CVR in all categories. Conclusion An interdisciplinary, nurse-led programme improves participants' metabolic and cardiovascular health, while maintaining long-term effects. Our findings suggest an important role of the professional nurse as a nexus between the patient, different professionals, and the community.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard for gastric bypass, displaying better results for metabolic disorders than other surgical procedures over the long term. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of bariatric surgery, in particular the RYGB technique, on metabolic syndrome (MS) and other biochemical parameters implicit in the comorbid conditions associated with obesity, as well as to explore the influence of this surgical procedure on psychiatric comorbidity in the study population. METHOD: An observational retrospective cohort study based on 146 clinical records of patients having undergone RYGB between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2014, was performed. Data related to metabolic and psychiatric comorbidity were gathered at three stages: prior to surgery and at 3 and 9 months following surgery. RESULTS: There was a progressive and statistically significant reduction of all biochemical parameters analyzed at 3 and 9 months following surgery except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which significantly increased (beneficial) in value. These changes imply a remission of >90% for all metabolic disorders and the consequent tendency toward a reduction in prescribed pharmacological treatments, with MS found in only one subject at 9 months. There was, however, no significant reduction in pharmacological treatments for psychiatric comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that RYGB is an effective treatment for MS and other metabolic disorders but not for psychiatric comorbidities accompanying MS.

Short-term UV-B exposure induces metabolic and anatomical changes in peel of harvested lemons contributing in fruit protection against green mold.

UV-B radiation (UVBR) is a small fraction of the solar spectrum from 280 to 315nm. UVBR produces photomorphogenic acclimation responses in plants, modulating their cellular structure and physiology. Here, changes in the peel of harvested lemons after short time exposure to UVBR were analyzed and its potential effects against fungal infection were studied. In the flavedo, UVBR treatment induced variations in the respiratory profiles and increased the phenolic compound contents. Final products of the flavonoid pathway (flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins) increased more markedly than their precursors (flavanones and dihydroflavonols). The increased accumulation of soluble phenolics in the flavedo of treated lemons is associated with the high antioxidant activity found in the flavedo of these samples. Supporting the biochemical determinations, anatomical observations showed abundant intravacuolar deposits of phenolic compounds and an increase in the cell wall thickness in UVBR-treated samples. Metabolic and anatomical modifications associated to UVBR improved natural defenses against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mold disease. Our results suggest that mature postharvest lemons exposed to the artificial radiation showed phenotypic plasticity, allowing an acclimation response to UVBR which confers fruit resistance to pathogens. Thus, combination of UVBR with other treatments could represent an important improvement to control postharvest diseases on citrus.

Ulcera duodenal en ninos. / Duodenal ulcer in children

La enfermedad ulcerosa en ninos se presenta en forma aguda principalmente en estomago, consecutiva a stress o gastritis medicamentosa, se considera para la ulcera duodenal. De julio de 1978 a julio de 1982 se realizaron 110 esofagogastroduodenoscopias en ninos, por sospecha de lesion peptica duodenal en 17 de ellos y solo en 12 se confirmo lesion peptica ulcerosa en duodeno. De los 12 ninos estudiados encontramos 10 del sexo masculino; la edad predominante fue 12 anos; el cuadro clinico consistio en sindrome ulceroso en 4 pacientes, la mayoria de las veces el primer sintoma fue hemorragia de vias digestivas o dolor en epigastrio. El estudio radiologico se efectuo en 10 de los pacientes, ya que en los otros dos se hizo primero estudio endoscopico por hemorragia activa, en esos 10 estudios la lesion ulcerosa se observo en 3, fue dudosa en 4 y no se visualizo en 3. Los resultados del estudio endoscopico demostraron en 11 pacientes el esofago normal, en 1 se observo hernia hiatal; en duodeno el sitio mas frecuente de la lesion peptica fue la cara anterior del bulbo duodenal en 9 ninos, en dos sobre la cara posterior y en el restante ademas de la ulcera en cara posterior se observo duodenitis