Two-Step Triethylamine-Based Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Effect against Pathogenic Bacteria.

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were obtained by the calcination of precursor microparticles (PM) synthesized by a novel triethylamine-based precipitation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a mean size of 120 nm for the MgO NPs. The results of the characterizations for MgO NPs support the suggestion that our material has the capacity to attack, and have an antibacterial effect against, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains. The ability of the MgO NPs to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion radicals (O2•-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), was demonstrated by the corresponding quantitative assays. The MgO antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 250 and 500 ppm on the microdilution assays, respectively. Structural changes in the bacteria, such as membrane collapse; surface changes, such as vesicular formation; and changes in the longitudinal and horizontal sizes, as well as the circumference, were observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The lipidic peroxidation of the bacterial membranes was quantified, and finally, a bactericidal mechanism for the MgO NPs was also proposed.

Stimuli-Responsive Systems in Optical Humidity-Detection Devices.

The use of electronic devices to measure Relative Humidity (RH) is widespread. However, under certain circumstances, for example when explosive gases are present, a spark-free method should be used. Here we suggest the use of stimuli-responsive materials, like gelatin and interpenetrated polymers, to detect RH with an optical method. These materials are hydrophilic. When water vapor is absorbed by the films the molecules attach to the films molecular network. The result is that the film thickness increases and their refractive index changes. To detect the change of these two parameters an optical method based on diffraction gratings is employed. Surface diffraction gratings are recorded on the films. Then gratings are placed in an optical configuration that is immersed in a climatic chamber. A light beam is sent to the grating where it is diffracted. Several light orders appear. Due to the absorption of water molecules the films swell and grating surface modulation changes. This implies that the diffracted orders intensity changes. A calibrating plot relating intensity as a function of RH is obtained.

Rehabilitación neuropsicológica de un caso con sintomatología de afasia de conducción y anómica por evento isquémico / Neuropsychological rehabilitation in a case of conduction and anomic aphasia symptomatology by ischemic event

El tema de la rehabilitación de las afasias es explorado con frecuencia en la literatura de las últimas décadas, debido a que es una de las secuelas más comunes del daño cerebral y de las que más presenta variaciones dependiendo del caso, por lo cual los profesionales a cargo de los pacientes que sufren de esta condición se ven en la necesidad de buscar métodos eficaces para tratarlos. El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar el diseño de un único caso con sintomatología de afasia de conducción y anomia pura. Se trata de un paciente masculino de 62 años de edad, con nivel académico de doctorado, diagnóstico de afasia de conducción y anomia a causa de un evento isquémico con 18 meses de evolución. Recibió tratamiento neuropsicológico en base a modelos histórico-culturales y neurocognitivos en dos periodos diferentes, una hora por semana. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación neuropsicológica antes y después del programa de rehabilitación, además se hizo uso de líneas bases en ambos periodos y se tomó en cuenta la perspectiva del paciente y su esposa. El rendimiento en la primera y segunda evaluación muestra un mejor desempeño en algunas áreas del lenguaje, mientras que en las líneas bases y en la apreciación del paciente y su esposa se observaron cambios importantes, concluyendo que el programa tuvo efectos favorables en la comunicación del paciente en el hogar.

The subject of aphasia rehabilitation is frequently explored in recent literature since it is one of the most common forms of brain damage and presents an assortment of variations depending on the specific case, making it so that professionals who are in charge of patients with this condition find themselves in need of effective treatment methods. This article aims to present the design for the single case study rehabilitation of a patient with conduction aphasia and pure anomia. The patient in question is a 62-year-old male with a P.h.D. level education, diagnosed with conduction aphasia and anomia caused by an ischemic event with an 18-month evolution, he received neuropsychological treatment following the historic-cultural and neurocognitive models, spanning two different treatment periods, one hour a week. A neuropsychological evaluation was made before and after the rehabilitation program, as well as using a baseline for both periods and taking into account the perspective of both the patient and his wife. Patient performance in the first and second evaluations shows improvement in some language areas, while the baselines, as well as the patient and his wife's assessment speak of important changes, concluding that the program had favorable effects on the patient's communication at home

Variations in eating habits between Ecuadorian parents and children related to excess weight / Diferenças nos hábitos alimentares entre pais e filhos equatorianos relacionadas ao excesso de peso

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the concordance of food consumption habits declared by parents and by their children, and relate it to excess weight prevalence. Methods: cross-sectional study. Concordance was analysed by Kappa and McNemar tests. The analysis of the discrepancies against excess weight was made by logistic regression. Results: we found high levels of discrepancy between parents and children: Kappa -0.02-0.31 (p≤0.01), McNemar p≤0.01. Excess weight did not vary in terms of the discrepancies, except for the affirmation of following a diet (ORadjusted: 1.79; CI95%: 1.49-2.14). Conclusions: agreement between parents and their children demonstrated discordance, but did not influenced on excess weight.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a concordância entre hábitos de consumo de alimentos relatados pelos pais e seus filhos e relacionar à prevalência de excesso de peso. Métodos: estudo transversal. A concordância foi analisada pelo Kappa e McNemar. As discrepâncias em relação com excesso de peso foram realizadas por regressão logística. Resultados: se observou alto grau de discordância Kappa -0.02-0.31 (p≤0.01) McNemarp≤0.01. A prevalência de excesso de peso entre escolares não mostrou nenhuma diferença em relação às discrepâncias, exceto com a declaração de fazer dieta (OR: 1.79 IC95%: 1.49-2.14). Conclusões: as informações relatadas pelos pais mostraram discordância, masnão variaram com o excesso de peso.

PERINATAL OUTCOMES OF PREMATURITY AND BIRTH WEIGHT ACCORDING TO MATERNAL CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION.

UNLABELLED: Objetive: identify whether there is an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, like prematurity or decreased weight in newborns, associated with caffeine consumption during the first half of pregnancy in pregnant women of our population. METHODS: transversal study carried out in 1 175 patients from Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of Granada (Spain). Information about caffeine consumption during first half of gestation and perinatal outcomes was obtained by personal interview, medical records and telephone call after delivery. The average caffeine intake was calculated from meals and drinks included in a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: there was no difference in caffeine consumption in pregnant women with birth weight ≥2 500 g and.

Objetivo: identificar si existe un aumento del riesgo en resultados perinatales adversos de prematuridad y disminucion del peso de los recien nacidos asociados al consumo de cafeina durante la primera mitad del embarazo en gestantes de nuestra poblacion. Métodos: estudio transversal llevado a cabo en 1.175 gestantes del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada (Espana). La informacion sobre el consumo de cafeina durante la primera mitad del embarazo y los resultados perinatales estudiados se obtuvieron mediante entrevista personal, consulta de la historia clinica y llamada telefonica tras el parto. La ingesta media de cafeina se calculo a partir de las comidas y bebidas incluidas en un cuestionario validado. Resultados: no hubo diferencias en el consumo de cafeina en gestantes con recien nacidos de peso ≥2.500 g y.

Diferencias en las circunstancias de riesgo al volante en universitarios guatemaltecos y españoles / Differences in mobility, traffic accidents and associated circumstances in guatemalan and spanish university students

Comparar las diferencias en las circunstancias de riesgo al volante en universitarios de Guatemala y España. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado durante el 2007 a 2011 en una muestra de 2130 conductores (1016 en Guatemala y 1114 en España), quienes respondieron un cuestionario autoadministrado que valoraba: patrones de movilidad, uso de dispositivos de seguridad, estilos de conducción e implicación en accidentes de tránsito. Resultados. Los estudiantes de Guatemala se implicaron con mayor frecuencia en circunstancias de riesgo como hablar por el teléfono móvil (74,4% vs 24,3%), distraerse (47,1% vs 18,8%) o no usar el cinturón de seguridad (23,9% vs 5,9%) con respecto a los españoles; en el análisis ajustado el reporte de haber tenido algún accidente fue 4,8 veces mayor (IC 95% 3,1-7,4) en universitarios de Guatemala. Conclusiones. Existen factores dependientes del vehículo, entorno físico y de índole social, que podrían tener un rol importante en las diferencias detectadas en ambas poblaciones...

The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of involvement in risky driving circumstances between Guatemalan and Spanish university students and identify in both populations the differences between the involvement in such circumstances and road crashes. Materials and methods. A cross sectional study was conducted during the academic courses 2007 to 2011 on a sample of 2 130 drivers (1 016 in Guatemala and 1 114 in Spain), who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed: mobility patterns, use of safety devices, driving styles and involvement in road traffic crashes. Results: Furthermore, they were involved more frequently in almost all the risky-driving circumstances compared with Spanish students, principally in: mobile use (74.4 % versus 24.3 %), distraction (47.1 % versus 18.8 %) or not using seatbelt (23.9% vs 5.9). Finally, the adjusted analysis yields an accident rate 4.8 times higher among Guatemalans (CI 95% 3.1-7.4). Conclusions: Considering the factors more frequently associated with suffer road traffic crashes dependent on human factor, it is noted physical and social factors as well as that the car-dependent issues, must play an important role in the marked differences detected in both populations...

Concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico presuntivo y el diagnóstico tomográfico abdomino-pélvico / Concordance between presumptive clinical diagnosis and abdominal-pelvic tomographic diagnosis

Objetivo: Determinar la correlación entre el diagnóstico clínico presuntivo y el diagnóstico tomográfico abdomino-pélvico en el servicio de Imagenología del Hospital Augusto Hernández Mendoza ­ EsSalud, Ica durante el año 2013. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, o y retrospectivo, seleccionando 599 registros de estudio tomográfico abdominal y pélvico de pacientes de 18 años a más, atendidos en el servicio de Imagenología del Hospital Augusto Hernández Mendoza ­ EsSalud, Ica de enero a diciembre 2013; excluyéndose 252 (42,07%) registros que no tenían resultado del estudio y cinco de menores de 18 años por lo que la muestra final quedó conformada por 342 registros. Resultados: 32,16% de las solicitudes provienen de la especialidad de medicina interna. 61,11% de los pacientes evaluados fueron de sexo femenino, 68,53% tenían 50 años o más, 52,45% correspondía al grupo etario de 60 a más años, asimismo, 42,50% pertenecía al grupo de 30 a 59 años. 80,70% de los exámenes correspondieron a tomográficos helicoidales de abdomen con contraste. En los resultados tomográficos 36,27% tenía afectación gastrointestinal y/o hepática, 21,69% urinaria y 16,27% oncológica. El resultado tomográfico fue concordante con el diagnóstico presuntivo en 103 (34,92%) registros. La correlación no se asoció a ninguna de las variables evaluadas. En 47 (13,7%) de los registros no se había consignado el diagnóstico presuntivo. Conclusión: Existe elevada frecuencia de discordancia entre el resultado tomográfico y el diagnóstico presuntivo. Uno de cada diez exámenes no cuenta con diagnóstico presuntivo. (AU)

Objective: To determine the correlation between the pre clinical diagnosis and abdomino-pelvic CT diagnosis at the Imaging service of Augusto Hernández Mendoza Hospital - EsSalud, Ica during 2013. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted, selecting 599 abdominal and pelvic tomographic study records of pats 18 years or older, treated in the Imaging of Augusto Hernández Mendoza Hospital - EsSalud, Ica from January to December 2013; excluding 252 (42.07%) records that did not have result from the study and five under 18 years old, so the final sample was composed of 342 records. Results: 32.16% of the requests come from the specialty of internal medicine. 61.1% of the evaluated patients were female, 68.53% were 50 years or older, 52.45% belonged to the age group 60 years and older, also 42.50% belonged to the group of 30-59 years. 80.70% of the reviews were for helical CT with contrast of the abdomen. In the tomographic findings 36.27% had gastrointestinal and/or liver involvement, 21.69% urinary one and 16.27% oncology one. The tomographic result was consistent with the presumptive diagnosis in 103 (34.92%) records. The correlation was not associated with any of the variables evaluated. 47 (13.70%) of the records had not the presumptive diagnosis. Conclusion: There is high frequency of discordance between the tomographic results and presumptive diagnosis. One in ten tests does not have the presumptive diagnosis. (AU)

[Differences in mobility, traffic accidents and associated circumstances in guatemalan and spanish university students]. / Diferencias en las circunstancias de riesgo al volante en universitarios guatemaltecos y españoles.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of involvement in risky driving circumstances between Guatemalan and Spanish university students and identify in both populations the differences between the involvement in such circumstances and road crashes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted during the academic courses 2007 to 2011 on a sample of 2 130 drivers (1 016 in Guatemala and 1 114 in Spain), who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed: mobility patterns, use of safety devices, driving styles and involvement in road traffic crashes. RESULTS: Furthermore, they were involved more frequently in almost all the risky-driving circumstances compared with Spanish students, principally in: mobile use (74.4 % versus 24.3 %), distraction (47.1 % versus 18.8 %) or not using seatbelt (23.9% vs 5.9). Finally, the adjusted analysis yields an accident rate 4.8 times higher among Guatemalans (CI 95% 3.1-7.4). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the factors more frequently associated with suffer road traffic crashes dependent on human factor, it is noted physical and social factors as well as that the car-dependent issues, must play an important role in the marked differences detected in both populations.

[Mobility, traffic accidents, and associated factors among Guatemalan university students]. / Movilidad, accidentalidad por tránsito y sus factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios de Guatemala.

The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the association between the amount of driving (km/year), traffic accidents, and other factors among university students in Guatemala. A cross-sectional study was performed during the 2010-2011 school year in a sample of 1,016 drivers who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed mobility patterns, use of safety accessories, driving style, and automobile crashes. The results showed a positive association between amount of driving and greater involvement in risky driving (adjusted regression coefficient 3.25, 95%CI: 2.23-4.27, for the highest level of exposure). More frequent involvement in risky driving and older age showed the strongest associations with traffic accidents. Although the amount of driving was positively associated with a higher accident rate, most of this association was found to be mediated by involvement in risky driving practices.

Movilidad, accidentalidad por tránsito y sus factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios de Guatemala / Mobility, traffic accidents, and associated factors among Guatemalan university students / Mobilidade, acidentes de trânsito e fatores associados entre estudantes universitários da Guatemala

El objetivo fue identificar y cuantificar la asociación entre la intensidad de exposición (km/año recorridos), la accidentalidad y sus factores asociados en universitarios de Guatemala. Se realizó un estudio trasversal durante el curso 2010-2011, sobre una muestra de 1.016 conductores, quienes cumplimentaron un cuestionario autoadministrado que valoraba: patrones de movilidad, uso de dispositivos de seguridad, estilos de conducción y accidentalidad. Se obtuvieron asociaciones positivas entre la intensidad de exposición y la mayor implicación en circunstancias de riesgo al volante (coeficiente de regresión ajustado de 3,25, IC95%: 2,23-4,27, para las mayores exposiciones). Tanto una mayor implicación en tales circunstancias, como una mayor edad, fueron las variables más fuertemente asociadas con la mayor accidentalidad. Pese a que la intensidad de exposición se asocia positivamente con una mayor accidentalidad, se constató que la mayor parte de dicha asociación está mediada por una mayor implicación en circunstancias de riesgo al volante.

The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the association between the amount of driving (km/year), traffic accidents, and other factors among university students in Guatemala. A cross-sectional study was performed during the 2010-2011 school year in a sample of 1,016 drivers who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed mobility patterns, use of safety accessories, driving style, and automobile crashes. The results showed a positive association between amount of driving and greater involvement in risky driving (adjusted regression coefficient 3.25, 95%CI: 2.23-4.27, for the highest level of exposure). More frequent involvement in risky driving and older age showed the strongest associations with traffic accidents. Although the amount of driving was positively associated with a higher accident rate, most of this association was found to be mediated by involvement in risky driving practices.

O objetivo foi identificar e quantificar a associação entre a intensidade de exposição (km/anos percorridos), a acidentalidade e os seus fatores em universitários da Guatemala. Realizou-se um estudo transversal durante o curso 2010-2011 sobre uma amostra de 1.016 condutores de veículos, que responderam a um questionário autoadministrado que valorizava: padrões de mobilidade, uso de dispositivos de segurança, maneira de condução e acidentalidade. Obtiveram-se associações positivas entre intensidade de exposição e maior implicância em circunstâncias de risco ao conduzir (coeficiente de regressão ajustado a 3,25; IC95%: 2,23-4,27, para as maiores exposições). Tanto a maior implicância em ditas circunstâncias como uma maioridade foram as variáveis mais fortemente associadas com a maior acidentalidade. Apesar de a intensidade de exposição ser associada positivamente com uma maior acidentalidade, estabelecemos que a maior parte da dita associação está mediada pela maior implicância em circunstâncias de risco ao conduzir.

Censo Invexológico 2013: Estudo do Perfil do Inversor / Existential-Invertionologic Census 2013: Study of the Invertor Profile / Censo Invexológico 2013: Estudio del Perfil del Inversor

O censo da inversão existencial é o conjunto de dados estatísticos que informasobre as características dos aplicantes da invéxis em qualquer país. O objetivo é apresentaro perfil do inversor segundo a amostra total de 101 inversores, realizando comparaçõescom os censos de 1994, 2000 e 2005 para entender a evolução do aplicanteda técnica da invéxis. O censo foi disponibilizado online e os dados foram apuradosatravés da análise e elaboração de informe completo. Os resultados foram apresentadosem sete seções principais, concluindo que o perfil do inversor de 2013 tem o pa -drão bem definido e coerente com os fundamentos da técnica da invéxis. A evoluçãodo grupo da invéxis segue progressão crescente, quando comparado com os censos anteriores(AU)

The census of the existential inversion is a set of statistical data that informs onthe characteristics of the applicants of existential inversion in any country. The objectiveis to present the profile of the invertor according to the total sample of 101 invertors,making comparisons with the 1994, 2000 and 2005 censuses, in order to understandthe evolution of the applicant of the existential inversion technique. The censuswas made available online and the data were select through the analysis and elaborationof a complete report. The results were presented in seven main sections, concludingthat the profile of the 2013 invertor has a very defined and coherent pattern withthe foundations of the existential inversion technique. The evolution of the existentialinversion group follows crescent progression, when compared with the previous censuses(AU)

El censo de la inversión existencial es el conjunto de datos estadísticos, que informasobre las características de los aplicantes de la invexis en cualquier país. El objetivoes presentar el perfil del inversor según la muestra total de 101 inversores, realizandocomparaciones con los censos de 1994, 2000 y 2005 para entender laevolución del aplicante de la técnica de la invexis. El censo estaba disponible on liney los datos fueron apurados a través del análisis y elaboración de informe completo.Los resultados fueron presentados en siete secciones principales, concluyendo que elperfil del inversor de 2013 tiene el padrón bien definido y coherente con los fundamentosde la técnica de la invexis. La evolución del grupo de la invexis sigue progresión creciente, cuando comparado con los censos anteriores(AU)

Análises e Superação dos Microinteresses da Geração Y através do Maxiplanejamento Invexológico / Analyses and Surpassing of Micro-Interests of the Y Generation through Existential Invertionologic Max-Planning / Análisis y Superación de los Microintereses de la Generación Y a través del Maxiplaneamiento Invexológico

Este artigo estuda os interesses da Geração Y e sua influência nos jovensaplicantes ou interessados na técnica de inversão existencial. A metodologiautilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico e documental sobre a Geração Y,os interesses dos jovens dessa geração e o maxiplanejamento invexológico.O objetivo é demonstrar como o maxiplanejamento invexológico, ferramentada técnica da invéxis, pode auxiliar na superação dos microinteressese instalação de interesses prioritários e sadios para a evolução, os megainteresses,conforme a maturidade do jovem. Conclui-se que um maxiplanejamentobem elaborado e aplicado contribui para a evitação gradual e definitivados microinteresses e desenvolvimento dos megainteresses à medida que aumenta a lucidez sobre o megafoco da proéxis(AU)

This article studies the Generation Y's interests and its influence in theyouth applicants or interested parties in the technique of existential inversion.The used methodology was the bibliographical and documental collectionof facts on the Generation Y, the youths of that generation interests andthe existential-inversionlogic max-planning. The objective is to demonstratehow the existential-invertionologic max-planning, tool of the existential inversiontechnique, can aid in the surpassing of the micro-interests and theinstallation of priority and healthy interests for the evolution, the mega-interests,according to the maturity of the youth. It is concluded that a max-planningwell elaborated and applied contributes to the gradual and definitiveavoidance of the micro-interests and development of the mega-interests as itincreases the lucidity on the mega-focus of the existential program(AU)

Este artículo estudia los intereses de la Generación y su influencia en losjovenes aplicantes o interessados en la técnica de inversión existencial.La metodología utilizada fue el inventario bibliográfico y documental sobre laGeneración y, los intereses de los jóvenes de esa generación y el maxiplaneamientoinvexológico. El objetivo es demostrar como el maxiplaneamientoinvexológico, herramienta de la técnica de la invexis, puede auxiliar en lasuperación de los microintereses e instalación de intereses prioritariosy sanos para la evolución, los megaintereses, conforme la maduridad del joven.Se concluye que un maxiplaneamiento bien elaborado y aplicado contribuyepara la evitación gradual y definitiva de los microintereses y desenvolvimientode los megaintereses a la medida que aumenta la lucidez sobreel megafoco de la proexis(AU)

Evaluación de los efectos antinociceptivos en la coadministración de tramadol con diclofenaco vía intraperitoneal en ratones / Evaluation of the antinociceptive effects of tramadol in co-administration with diclofenac intraperitoneally in mice

La combinación de dos fármacos analgésicos de la misma o diferente clase es muy utilizada en la terapéutica clínica con el fin de potenciar sus efectos y reducir las secuelas. Para determinar los posibles efectos sinérgicos antinociceptivos de la interacción de diclofenaco i.p., un AINE (antiinflamatorio no esteroideo), y tramadol i.p., un opioide atípico, fueron administrados por separado y en combinación utilizando el modelo de inmersión de cola en agua caliente. Se administró diclofenaco sólo a ratones hembra (DE50 8.1 mg/kg) tramadol solo (10, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2, 100 mg/kg), así como la coadministración de ambas DE50. Para la interpretación de datos se utilizó una t de Student en la cual se comparó la suma teórica contra el efecto real de la coadministración. Como resultado del experimento, se obtuvo una potenciación significativa del efecto antinociceptivo de la coadministración en comparación a la administración individual de ambos fármacos y de la adición teórica de éstos. El sinergismo de los efectos antinociceptivos de tramadol y diclofenaco es importante y sugiere que la combinación de estos fármacos puede tener una utilidad clínica en la terapia del dolor

Hepatocarcinoma asociada a degeneración grasa del higado: presentación de caso clínico / Hetatocarcinoma related to fatty liver degeneration: a case report

Reportamos un caso de hepatocarcinoma asociado a degeneración grasa de higado, el cual se presentó con clínica compatible con un cuadro de abdomen agudo quirúrgico, intervenido en el Hospital "Victorino Santaella", siendo el primer caso observado en nuestra institución y el único reportado en la literatura nacional e internacionaal revisada desde 1971 a 1995