Efecto de un programa de actividad física en pacientes con fibromialgia: revisión sistemática / Effect of a physical activity programme in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review

El objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer qué tipo de programas de actividad física se han desarrollado en pacientes con fibromialgia hasta la actualidad y cuáles son sus efectos y beneficios sobre el grado de dolor y la calidad de vida. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Web of Science y SPORTDiscus. La palabra «fibromyalgia» se utilizó siempre como criterio de búsqueda combinada (usando el conector «AND») con physical activity, exercise, physical therapy y training (términos MeSH). De los 2.531 resultados obtenidos inicialmente, 33 documentos fueron seleccionados para la revisión. Los estudios analizados se centran principalmente en actividades de danza, actividades acuáticas, multidisciplinares, de trabajo mente-cuerpo, condición física y estiramientos. Hay que destacar que después de aplicar el programa de intervención, se redujo el nivel de dolor (entre un 10 y un 44,2%) y el impacto de la enfermedad (entre un 5,3 y un 17,9%), mejorando la sintomatología de estos pacientes. En conclusión, un programa multidisciplinar (en el que se incluya la actividad física) podría tener efectos positivos sobre la calidad de vida de las personas con fibromialgia (AU)

The aim of this review was to determine what type of physical activity programmes have been developed in patients with fibromyalgia and what are its effects and benefits on the degree of pain and quality of life. The search was performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases. The word «fibromyalgia» was always used as a criterion for combined search (using «AND» connector) with physical activity, exercise, physical therapy and training (MeSH terms). Of the 2,531 initial results, 33 papers were selected for review. The studies reviewed focus primarily on dance activities, water activities, multidisciplinary, mind-body work, fitness and stretching. After applying the intervention program, the pain level was reduced between 10 and 44.2%, and the impact of the disease between 5.3 and 17.9%, improving the symptoms of these patients. In conclusion, a multidisciplinary programme (in which physical activity is included) may have positive effects on the quality of life of people with fibromyalgia (AU)

[Effect of a physical activity programme in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review]. / Efecto de un programa de actividad física en pacientes con fibromialgia: revisión sistemática.

The aim of this review was to determine what type of physical activity programmes have been developed in patients with fibromyalgia and what are its effects and benefits on the degree of pain and quality of life. The search was performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases. The word "fibromyalgia" was always used as a criterion for combined search (using "AND" connector) with physical activity, exercise, physical therapy and training (MeSH terms). Of the 2,531 initial results, 33 papers were selected for review. The studies reviewed focus primarily on dance activities, water activities, multidisciplinary, mind-body work, fitness and stretching. After applying the intervention program, the pain level was reduced between 10 and 44.2%, and the impact of the disease between 5.3 and 17.9%, improving the symptoms of these patients. In conclusion, a multidisciplinary programme (in which physical activity is included) may have positive effects on the quality of life of people with fibromyalgia.

[Improvement of physical fitness as anti-aging intervention]. / Mejora de la forma física como terapia antienvejecimiento.

Several recent important studies have clearly shown that a low physical fitness represents a potent risk factor and even a predictor of both cardiovascular and all-causes morbidity and mortality. As a consequence, physical fitness assessment should be performed at the clinical level since, when properly assessed, it is a highly valuable health and life expectancy indicator. Based on the results of fitness assessment in a particular person and knowing his/her life style and daily physical activity, an individually adapted training program can be prescribed. This training program will allow that person to develop his/her maximal physical potential while improving his/her physical and mental health and attenuating the deleterious consequences of aging. In fact, physical exercise is today proposed as a highly effective means to treat and prevent major morbidity and mortality causes in industrialized countries. Most of these causes are associated with the aging process. In order to be effective, this type of intervention should be directed to improve the aerobic capacity and strength. In addition, it should be complemented with work directed to improve the general coordination and flexibility. Finally, diet optimization and use of nutritional supplements and legal ergogenic aids are key elements to improve the functional capacity and health, all of which is synonymous of anti-aging interventions.

Mejora de la forma física como terapia antienvejecimiento / Improvement of physical fitness as anti-aging intervention

Importantes estudios han demostrado recientemente que un bajo nivel de forma física o condición física constituye un potente factor de riesgo y predictor de morbilidad y mortalidad tanto general (todas las causas) como cardiovascular. En consecuencia, la evaluación de la forma física debería ocupar un lugar privilegiado dentro del ámbito clínico ya que, realizada correctamente, constituye un valioso indicador de salud y expectativa de vida. Partiendo de la evaluación de la forma física, y conociendo el estilo de vida y nivel de actividad física que posee una persona, se puede prescribir un programa adecuado de ejercicio físico que permita al sujeto desarrollar su máximo potencial físico, atenuar las consecuencias del envejecimiento y mejorar el estado de salud físico-mental. De hecho, el ejercicio físico se propone hoy día como un medio altamente eficaz para tratar o prevenir las principales causas de morbimortalidad en los países occidentales, la mayor parte de las cuales se asocian al propio envejecimiento. Este tipo de intervención, para ser efectivo, debe tener como objetivo la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica y el aumento de la fuerza, siendo complementado con trabajo enfocado a mejorar la coordinación general y la movilidad articular. Por último, la optimización de la dieta y el uso de suplementos nutricionales y ayudas ergogénicas legales serán elementos clave para aumentar el rendimiento funcional y la salud, todo lo cual es sinónimo de antienvejecimiento

Several recent important studies have clearly shown that a low physi-calfitness represents a potent risk factor and even a predictor of bothcardiovascular and all-causes morbidity and mortality. As a consequence, physical fitness assessment should be performed at the clinical level since, when properly assessed, it is a highly valuable healt hand life expectancy indicator. Based on the results of fitness assessment in a particular person and knowing his/her life style and daily physical activity, an individually adapted training program can be prescribed. This training program will allow that person to develop his/her maximal physical potential while improving his/her physicaland mental health and attenuating the deleterious consequences of aging. In fact, physical exercise is today proposed as a highly effective means to treat and prevent major morbidity and mortality causes in industrialized countries. Most of these causes are associated with theaging process. In order to be effective, this type of intervention should be directed to improve the aerobic capacity and strength. In addition, it should be complemented with work directed to improve the general coordination and flexibility. Finally, diet optimization and use of nutritional supplements and legal ergogenic aids are key elements to improve the functional capacity and health, all of which is synonymous of antiaging interventions

[Hyponatremia in ultraendurance exercises. Effects on health and performance]. / Hiponatremia en esfuerzos de ultraresistencia: efectos sobre la salud y el rendimiento.

Dehydration is one of the main problems associated to endurance sports. In order to avoid the negative effects of dehydration athletes tend to drink well above their current needs. The negative effect of drinking too much fluid is hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration lower than 135 mmol/L. Hyponatremia is the first cause of severe illness in ultraendurance sports and has been associated with sudden death. In this article, we analyze the causes, consequences, associated factors, therapeutic treatment and prevention of ultraendurance sports-associated hyponatremia. It is concluded that an adequate fluid ingestion is the best method to avoid hyponatremia. There is not conclusive data about the amount and necessity of sodium supplementation to avoid hyponatremia. However, it might be that it is not necessary to ingest additional sodium to prevent the development of hyponatremia in athletes who only partially replace their fluid losses during prolonged exercise.

Hiponatremia en esfuerzos de ultraresistencia: efectos sobre la salud y el rendimiento / Hyponatremia in ultraendurance exercises: effects on health and performance

La deshidratación es uno de los principales enemigos de los deportes de resistencia. Sin embargo, la ingesta excesiva de líquido con el objetivo de evitar dicha deshidratación, ha provocado en los últimos años numerosos casos de hiponatremia, especialmente en esfuerzos de extrema duración. La hiponatremia se define como la presentación de concentraciones de sodio en plasma por debajo de 135 mmol/L. Representa la primera causa de enfermedad severa en deportes de ultraresistencia, a lo que ha sido asociado numerosos casos de muerte súbita. Las extremadas exigencias físicas de este tipo de deportes de creciente popularidad, junto con el peligro potencial que supone para la salud del deportista, nos ha conducido al estudio profundo de las causas, consecuencias, factores asociados, abordaje terapéutico y prevención de la hiponatremia , tanto desde un punto de vista científico como práctico. La ingesta de la cantidad adecuada de líquido se presenta como el método más importante para prevenir su aparición. No está clara la cantidad idónea y/o necesidad de una suplementación de sodio en la bebida para evitar el desarrollo de hiponatremia y mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en pruebas de ultraresistencia. No obstante, parece ser que esta suplementación sólo sería útil en aquellos individuos que ingirieron una excesiva cantidad de líquido

La nutrición en la práctica deportiva: adaptación de la pirßmide nutricional a las características de la dieta del deportista / Nutrition in the sport practice: adaptation of the food guide pyramid to the characteristics of athletes diet

In spite of all the advances in sport nutrition and the importance of an adequate food intake in order to improve sport performance, both recreational and professional athletes forget frequently to include planning an optimum diet and fluid intake in their global strategy for performance. Physiological and metabolic adaptations produced as a consequence of physical exercise lead to the necessity of increasing caloric (in accordance to energy output) and protein (based on the trophic needs of the organism) intake. Likewise, paying major attention to vitamin and mineral intake, specifically B vitamins and zinc and chromium, is required, in order to optimize carbohydrate metabolism, the ultimate limiting factor for sport performance. During the training phase, 60 of calories should come from carbohydrates, protein intake should be 1.2-2 g/kg/day and athletes should follow the recommendations of the food guide pyramid. During the pre-, per- and post-competition phase the healthy aspect of the diet passes to a second level, in order to obtain good sport performance and to guarantee a fast and effective recovery. Again, carbohydrates with a high or medium glycaemic index and water are the nutrients which have to be calculated more thoroughly. In conclusion, athletes have to follow a diet that is adequate to their higher energy output and to their higher metabolic turnover. The food guide pyramid is a graphic expression which facilitates the comprehension and following of a healthy diet. In the present article, the authors introduce the pyramid adapted to the characteristics of sports nutrition, with easy-to-follow practical recommendations regarding the kind and amounts of foodstuffs that should be consumed in order to cover nutrient needs of people who exercise regularly.

Creatina como ayuda ergogénica efectos adversos / Creatine as ergogenic aid. Adverse effects

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