RESUMO
NCKAP1/NAP1 regulates neuronal cytoskeletal dynamics and is essential for neuronal differentiation in the developing brain. Deleterious variants in NCKAP1 have been identified in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability; however, its clinical significance remains unclear. To determine its significance, we assemble genotype and phenotype data for 21 affected individuals from 20 unrelated families with predicted deleterious variants in NCKAP1. This includes 16 individuals with de novo (n = 8), transmitted (n = 6), or inheritance unknown (n = 2) truncating variants, two individuals with structural variants, and three with potentially disruptive de novo missense variants. We report a de novo and ultra-rare deleterious variant burden of NCKAP1 in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders which needs further replication. ASD or autistic features, language and motor delay, and variable expression of intellectual or learning disability are common clinical features. Among inherited cases, there is evidence of deleterious variants segregating with neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on available human brain transcriptomic data, we show that NCKAP1 is broadly and highly expressed in both prenatal and postnatal periods and demostrate enriched expression in excitatory neurons and radial glias but depleted expression in inhibitory neurons. Mouse in utero electroporation experiments reveal that Nckap1 loss of function promotes neuronal migration during early cortical development. Combined, these data support a role for disruptive NCKAP1 variants in neurodevelopmental delay/autism, possibly by interfering with neuronal migration early in cortical development.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/genética , Mutação , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/deficiência , Adolescente , Animais , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/patologia , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Criança , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/diagnóstico , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Neuroglia/metabolismo , Neuroglia/patologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Gravidez , Isoformas de Proteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequent during adolescence (prevalence ≈ 6â %), and the prevalence increases in obese or type 1 diabetic (T1D) adolescent girls. During puberty, PCOS diagnosis is difficult because of the overlap with some pubertal physiologic signs. The 2017 international consortium suggests two required diagnostic criteria: persistent menstrual disturbances and hyperandrogenism. PCOS physiopathology is complex, including interactions between genetic, epigenetic factors, primary ovarian abnormalities, neuroendocrine alterations, hormonal and metabolic factors. Insulin seems to have a central place in obese or T1D adolescent girls. The treatment is still debated and should be monitored according to the main symptoms.
Le syndrome des ovaires polykystiques (SOPK) est fréquent à l'adolescence (prévalence ≈ 6â %), et la prévalence augmente en cas d'obésité ou de diabète de type 1 (DT1). À l'adolescence, le diagnostic du SOPK est difficile en raison de signes communs avec la puberté physiologique. Le consortium international de 2017 propose deux critères diagnostiques indispensablesâ : les troubles du cycle menstruel et l'hyperandrogénie. La physiopathologie du SOPK, partiellement élucidée, est complexe, impliquant l'interaction entre des facteurs génétiques et épigénétiques, des anomalies ovariennes, des altérations neuroendocrines, des facteurs hormonaux et métaboliques. L'insuline semble avoir un rôle central chez l'adolescente obèse ou avec DT1. Le traitement fait encore l'objet de discussion et doit être adapté selon les signes prédominants.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , PuberdadeRESUMO
MAMLD1 is suggested to play a role in the development of 46,XY disorders of sexual development (46,XY DSD). So far, mutations in this gene have been detected in several cases of hypospadias with normal testosterone levels at birth. From in vitro studies it was concluded that Mamld1 might transiently affect testosterone synthesis during genital development. We describe the first MAMLD1 mutation in a 46,XY patient with complete gonadal dysgenesis. The novel MAMLD1 missense mutation (p.P677L) results in a severely reduced transactivation in vitro of the promoter of the MAMLD1 target gene HES3/Hes3. However, as knowledge about the functional role of MAMLD1 in gonadal development is limited, we suggest that additional factors (digenic or oligogenic cause) play a role in the development of complete gonadal dysgenesis in this patient.
