Impacto de la ecografía clínica en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca atendidos en hospitalización a domicilio / Impact of clinical ultrasound in patients with heart failure treated in home

Antecedentes y objetivo: En España, más del 10% de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda (ICA) dados de alta son reingresados en los primeros 30 días. Se diseña este trabajo para valorar si el tratamiento dela ICA guiado por ecografía clínica (EC) en el ámbito de hospitalización a domicilio (HAD) reduce la incidencia de reingreso y mortalidad respecto al abordaje estándar (AE).Pacientes y métodosSe diseñó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado (ECA), abierto, paralelo, unicéntrico y controlado (NT05042752). Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva a pacientes>18 años ingresados por ICA en HAD desde enero del 2021 hasta abril del 2021 en el Hospital Reina Sofía de Tudela. Los pacientes se aleatorizaron a «grupo ecografía (GE)» (realización de AE y EC) y «grupo control (GC)» (AE). El tratamiento diurético fue modificado según los hallazgos del AE junto con la EC o según los hallazgos del AE, respectivamente. Las variables principales fueron el riesgo relativo (RR) de reingreso y mortalidad por ICA.ResultadosUn total de 79 pacientes fueron aleatorizados, 39 a GE y 40 a GC. De ellos, solo completaron la intervención 35 del GC y 35 del GE. El riesgo de reingreso por ICA se redujo un 60% en el GE respecto del GC (RR 0,4; IC del 95%: 0,1-1) y el de mortalidad en un 30% (RR 0,7; IC del 95%: 0,2-2,2). A pesar de la relevante magnitud del efecto encontrado, los resultados no alcanzan la significación estadística por falta de potencia.ConclusiónNuestros resultados sugieren que en HAD, el tratamiento de la ICA guiado por EC podría reducir el riesgo de reingreso y mortalidad respecto al AE, aunque hacen falta estudios con mayor potencia estadística que confirmen estos resultados. (AU)

Background and objective: In Spain, more than 10% of patients discharged with acute heart failure (AHF) are readmitted in the first 30 days. This study is designed to assess whether the treatment of AHF guided by clinical ultrasound (CU) in the setting of hospitalization at home (HAH) reduces the incidence of readmission and mortality compared to the standard care (SC).Patients and methodsA randomized, open, parallel, single-center and controlled clinical trial (RCT) was designed (NT05042752). Patients >18 years of age admitted for AHF to HAD from January 2021 to April 2021 at the Reina Sofía Hospital in Tudela were consecutively included. The patients were randomized to the UG-ultrasound group (SC and CU performed) and the CG-control group (SC). The diuretic treatment was tailored according to the findings of the SC together with the CU or according to the findings of the SC respectively. The main variables were the relative risk of readmission and mortality from AHF.ResultsA total of 79 patients were randomized, 39 to UG and 40 to CG. Of these, only 35 of the UG and 35 of the CG completed the intervention. The risk of readmission due to AHF was reduced by 60% in UG compared to CG (RR 0.4; 95% CI: 0.1–1) and mortality by 30% (RR 0.7; 95% CI: 0.2–2.2). Despite the relevant magnitude of the effect found, the results did not reach statistical significance due to lack of power.ConclusionOur results suggest that in HAH, a CE guided strategy for AHF could reduce the risk of readmission and mortality compared to SC alone. However, studies with greater statistical power are needed to confirm these results. (AU)

A RIETE registry analysis of patients with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and thoracic outlet syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) related to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is rare, and the literature is limited to institutional case series. METHODS: We used data from the RIETE Registry to compare outcomes (recurrences, major bleeding and signs and symptoms of post-thrombotic [PTS] syndrome) in patients with UEDVT and TOS undergoing first rib resection vs. those not undergoing surgery. RESULTS: From March 2001 to March 2021, there were 4214 patients with UEDVT, of whom 209 (4.96%) had TOS. Of these, 55 (26%) underwent first rib resection. Patients with TOS were younger and less likely to have comorbidities than those without TOS. There were no differences between patients with TOS undergoing surgery and those who did not. During anticoagulation, patients with TOS had a non-statistically significant lower rate of VTE recurrences than those without TOS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.14-1.12) and a lower bleeding rate (HR: 0.16; 95%CI: 0.01-0.83). No patient with TOS developed pulmonary embolism or died. Patients with TOS undergoing surgery had fewer PTS symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21; 95%CI: 0.06-0.68) or signs (OR: 0.11; 95%CI: 0.02-0.42) after one year than patients who did not have surgery. At two years, the differences in symptoms (OR: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.06-0.94) and signs (OR: 0.04; 95%CI: 0.002-0.33) persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with UEDVT and TOS were younger and had less comorbidities than those without. Surgical resection of the first rib was associated with a lower proportion of patients developing PTS one and two years later.

Impact of clinical ultrasound in patients with heart failure treated in home. / Impacto de la ecografía clínica en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca atendidos en hospitalización a domicilio.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Spain, more than 10% of patients discharged with acute heart failure (AHF) are readmitted in the first 30 days. This study is designed to assess whether the treatment of AHF guided by clinical ultrasound (CU) in the setting of hospitalization at home (HAH) reduces the incidence of readmission and mortality compared to the standard care (SC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized, open, parallel, single-center and controlled clinical trial (RCT) was designed (NT05042752). Patients >18 years of age admitted for AHF to HAD from January 2021 to April 2021 at the Reina Sofía Hospital in Tudela were consecutively included. The patients were randomized to the UG-ultrasound group (SC and CU performed) and the CG-control group (SC). The diuretic treatment was tailored according to the findings of the SC together with the CU or according to the findings of the SC respectively. The main variables were the relative risk of readmission and mortality from AHF. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients were randomized, 39 to UG and 40 to CG. Of these, only 35 of the UG and 35 of the CG completed the intervention. The risk of readmission due to AHF was reduced by 60% in UG compared to CG (RR 0.4; 95% CI: 0.1-1) and mortality by 30% (RR 0.7; 95% CI: 0.2-2.2). Despite the relevant magnitude of the effect found, the results did not reach statistical significance due to lack of power. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in HAH, a CE guided strategy for AHF could reduce the risk of readmission and mortality compared to SC alone. However, studies with greater statistical power are needed to confirm these results.

Enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en pacientes con Enfermedades Autoinmunes en el Hospital Reina Sofía de Tudela / Venous thromboembolism in patients with autoimmune disorders a small Hospital

Introducción: Los pacientes con Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas (EAS) tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar Enfermedad Tromboembólica Venosa (ETV). El comportamiento clínico una vez empiezan con el tratamiento anticoagulante acaba de ser descrito por el grupo RIETE durante este año. Material y métodos: Creamos una base de datos en el Hospital Reina Sofía para comparar las tasas de recurrencias, sangrado mayor y muerte durante el tratamiento anticoagulante de acuerdo a la presencia o ausencia de EAS. Resultados: No se detectan diferencias significativas en las características basales de los pacientes salvo en la presencia de ETV idiopática y de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos. Los enfermos con EAS presentan mayores tasas de recurrencia estando bajo tratamiento anticoagulante y similares tasas de hemorragia y mortalidad. Conclusiones: En un escenario local y más homogéneo de partida que el observado en el RIETE, los enfermos con EAS presentan mayor tendencia a recurrir estando en tratamiento anticoagulante que los enfermos sin esta condición. (AU)

Background: Patients with Autoimmune Disorders (AD) are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The natural history of VTE in these patients has been consistently evaluated by RIETE investigators this year. Methods: We used a newly created database in Reina Sofía´s Hospital to compare the rates of VTE recurrences, major bleeding and death during the course of anticoagulation according to the presence or absence of autoimmune disorders. Results: No significant differences were detected in the baseline characteristics of patients except for the presence of idiopathic VTE and antiphospholipid antibodies. Patients with AD presented higher rates of recurrence while being under anticoagulant treatment and similar rates of bleeding and mortality. Conclusions: In a more local and homogeneous starting scenario than what was observed in the RIETE, patients with AD have a greater tendency to recur while being on anticoagulant treatment than patients without this condition. (AU)

Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with autoimmune diseases: data from the Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry.

Autoimmune disease is a risk factor for first incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, data on the risk of recurrent VTE in people with autoimmune disease is sparse. We explored the risk of recurrent VTE using the RIETE registry, comparing people with autoimmune disease (n = 1305) to those without (n = 50608). Overall rates were 6.5 and 5.1 recurrent VTE/100 years for patients with autoimmune disease vs controls, respectively. After adjustment for sex and unprovoked/provoked VTE yielded an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.29 (95%CI 1.03-1.62). The analysis was limited by short median follow up time (161 days overall), precluding definitive conclusions on recurrent VTE risks.

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Primary Hyperfibrinolysis as a Presentation of Extended Prostate Carcinoma.

Primary hyperfibrinolysis States are rare entities associated with different clinical scenarios and can be sometimes their first presentation. PHS outcome relies on the underlying cause. We introduce the case of a man presenting with a complex clotting abnormality malignancy related. Not having an accurate diagnosis hindered us to give an easy solution and compromised the prognosis overall. Misdiagnosing a severe entity often leads to fatal outcomes. We want to highlight the rarity of our case, the challenging differential diagnosis and the importance of being aware of PHS. Because our patient appeared to have an extended carcinoma, definitive treatment was not an option on our case.When an uncommon and challenging disease is presented, having all the clues is mandatory to succeed.

Fatality as a Feature of Medical Care.

Taking advantage of an interesting clinical scenario, we want to introduce a discussion about fatality in our daily practice and the need to accept that. An 80 year-old man with non-traumatic spontaneous bleeding tendency came to the clinics. Although being on warfarin as a consequence of primary thrombotic prophylaxis due to an atrial fibrillation, full assessment was performed. Not only the rare entity found on him, but also the severe complication that happened afterwards challenged clinicians and led them to risky treatment options.

Severe Acute Infection Due to Serratia marcescens Causing Respiratory Distress in An Immunocompetent Adult.

The role of Serratia marcescens changed from a harmless saprophytic microorganism to an important opportunistic human pathogen. It often causes nosocomial device-associated outbreaks and rarely serious invasive community acquired infections. We present a case of a community-acquired Serratia marcescens bacteremia leading to Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a previously healthy 51-year-old man without identifiable risk factors. Full recovery was achieved with solely medical treatment and observation in ICU during three days. To our knowledge it is an extremely uncommon presentation and just few cases have been previously reported in the literature.

Analysis of Complete Remission in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Over a 32-Year Period.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by an unpredictable and fluctuating course. Although various methods have been developed to measure disease activity, there is still a lack of consensus about the optimal criteria for SLE remission. The principal aim of our study was to identify the number of lupus patients achieving a complete remission (implying that for 3 years there were no clinical or serologic features and no treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs) in a single cohort of patients followed for a period of up to 32 years. In addition, we have identified patients in clinical but not serologic remission (known as serologically active, clinically quiescent disease [SACQ]) and vice versa. We were particularly interested to determine the factors associated with complete remission. METHODS: Eligible patients were followed up in the University College Hospital Lupus cohort from January 1978 until December 2010 for a period of at least 3 years. Complete remission was defined as a period of at least 3 years with clinical inactivity (British Isles Lupus Assessment Group scores of C, D, or E only) and laboratory remission (no antibodies to double-stranded DNA and normal complement C3 levels), and being off-treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Antimalarial and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were allowed. RESULTS: Of 624 lupus patients at our hospital, a total of 532 patients met the strict inclusion criteria for the study. Of these 532 patients, 77 patients (14.5%) achieved complete remission for at least 3 years, and 23 (4.3%) achieved complete remission for a minimum period of 10 years. Ten of these 77 patients were subsequently lost to followup, and, interestingly, flares occurred subsequently in 15 of the 67 remaining patients (22.4%). Three patients relapsed after the tenth year of remission. Forty-five patients (8.5%) fulfilled the requirement for SACQ, and 66 patients (12.4%) achieved only serologic remission. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that 14.5% of lupus patients achieved a complete remission for 3 years. However, flares may continue to occur beyond 10 years of remission. Long-term followup of SLE is therefore mandatory.