O papel da frequência a instituições de educação infantil e de variáveis do ambiente doméstico no desenvolvimento da criança de zero a seis anos / El papel de la asistencia a las instituciones de educación inicial y las variables del entorno familiar en el desarrollo de los niños de cero a seis años / The Role of Attending Child Daycare Institutions and Domestic Environment in the Development of Children from Zero to Six Years of Age

O desenvolvimento infantil é um campo de estudo complexo e deve ser analisado de maneira integrada, considerando os contextos nos quais a criança está in-serida. A frequência a instituições de educação infantil (iei) é indicada pela literatura internacional como um facilitador dos domínios do desenvolvimento, contudo, não há consenso nos dados brasileiros já apresentados. Pontua-se que outras variáveis do ambiente doméstico, como dispor de brinquedos e materiais variados e o tempo de interação com a mãe, possam influenciar nes-sa relação. O objetivo do estudo é comparar crianças que frequentam ou não iei em relação aos domínios do desenvolvimento, considerando grupo etário, tipo de escola e variáveis do ambiente doméstico. Participa-ram 1.843 mães de crianças de quatro a 72 meses, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ao Inventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvi-mento Infantil. Os resultados apontaram que crianças que não frequentam iei apresentaram melhores médias nos domínios Motricidade Ampla e Linguagem Recepti-va em faixas etárias específicas. Dispor de brinquedos e materiais variados e o tempo que a mãe empregava para brincadeiras com a criança demonstraram um impacto positivo em diferentes domínios do desenvolvimento, no entanto, não houve interação com a frequência à iei. Verificou-se que quanto mais horas a mãe dispõe para brincadeiras durante a semana, melhores são as médias alcançadas em diferentes domínios do desenvolvimento de crianças de iei públicas e privadas. Discute-se o papel da educação infantil no desenvolvimento integral da criança, especialmente sobre a qualidade das iei e a necessidade de práticas baseadas em evidências.

El desarrollo infantil es un campo de estudio complejo y debe ser analizado de forma integrada, consideran-do los contextos del niño. La literatura internacional señala a la asistencia a las instituciones de educación infantil (iei) como un facilitador de los dominios del desarrollo, pero, no hay consenso en los datos brasileños. Otras variables del ambiente doméstico, como tener juguetes y materiales diferentes, y el tiempo de interacción con la madre, podrían influir en esta relación. El objetivo del estudio es comparar a los niños que asisten o no a una iei en relación a los dominios de desarrollo, considerando grupo etario, tipo de es-cuela y variables del ambiente del hogar. Participaron 1.843 madres de niños de cuatro a 72 meses, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Inventario Dimensional para la Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil. Los niños que no asisten a una iei tienen mejores promedios en los dominios Motricidad Gruesa y Lenguaje Receptivo en grupos de edad específicos. Tener diferentes juguetes y materiales, y el tiempo que la madre dedicaba a jugar con el niño demostró un impacto positivo en diferentes dominios, pero, no hubo interacción con la asistencia a una iei. Mientras más horas tiene la madre para jugar durante la semana, mejores son los promedios en los diferentes dominios de desarrollo de los niños con iei pública y privada. Se discute el papel de la educación inicial en el desarrollo integral, especialmente la calidad de la iei y la necesidad de prácticas basadas en evidencias.

Child development is a complex field that should be ana-lyzed comprehensively, considering children's contexts. The international literature indicates attendance to child daycare institutions (cdi) as a facilitator for child development. However, there is no consensus regarding Brazilian data. Other variables of the child's domestic environment, such as having various toys and materials and the time of interaction with the mother, may influence this relationship. This study aimed to compare children attending or not attending cdi regarding developmental domains and considering age group, type of school, and do-mestic environment variables. A total of 1.843 mothers of children aged zero to 72 months participated, answer-ing a sociodemographic questionnaire and the In-ventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvimento Infantil (idadi). The results showed that children who did not attend cdi had better averages in Gross Motor Skills and Receptive Language domains in specific age groups. Having a variety of toys and materials and the time the mother spends playing with the child had a positive impact on different developmental domains; however, there was no interaction with attending cdi. It was found that the more hours the mother played with the child during the week, the better the averages achieved in different domains of development for chil-dren attending public or private cdi. The role of early childhood education in integral child development is discussed, especially the quality of cdi and the need for evidence-based practices.

Evidence of validity based on the relation to other variables and inter-rater reliability of the Cognitive Screening (TRIACOG) for adults with cerebrovascular diseases.

This study presents evidence of validity and reliability of the results obtained with the Cognitive Screening (TRIACOG) to evaluate post-stroke adults. The TRIACOG assesses orientation memory, language, arithmetic, praxis, information processing speed, and executive functions. A total of 126 post-stroke adults (M = 63.50; SD = 13.28 years old) and 126 neurologically healthy adults (M = 61.97; SD = 11.48 years old) participated in the study. Performance on the TRIACOG was positively correlated with scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), schooling, and reading and writing habits, and negatively correlated with the NIHSS and Rankin scales. Post-stroke adults scored lower and took longer to complete the instrument than neurologically healthy adults. Inter-rater agreement was achieved in scoring the TRIACOG. The TRIACOG presents evidence of validity based on its relationships to other variables (criterion and convergent) and on response processes, in addition to presenting reliability evidence established by inter-rater agreement. We expect that the TRIACOG will be employed by health workers in hospital settings, health units, and medical offices.

Associations of Losing a Child With the Couple Relationship, Maternal Mental Health, and the Emotional Development of the Subsequent Baby.

The loss of a child can impact maternal mental health and the emotional development of a subsequent baby. Couple relationship can help women to cope with this loss. This study investigates the association among child loss, maternal mental health (including prolonged grief), couple adjustment, and psycho-functional symptoms in the subsequent babies. 598 Brazilian mothers, recruited by convenience, took part in the study. Mothers with a baby loss (23%) presented greater age and religiosity, less income, a longer couple relationship, and better couple adjustment, and their baby presented a great number of symptoms. This population needs monitoring for early emotional assistance.

Association between physical fitness components and fluid intelligence according to body mass index in schoolchildren.

Physical fitness is considered a protective factor for children's general health and has been related to enhanced cognitive functioning. However, it appears that cognition could be affected in children with overweight or obesity. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between physical fitness components and fluid intelligence in normal-weight and overweight/obese children. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 317 schoolchildren participated (165 boys, 52.05%), aged between six and 11 years old (1st to 5th grade), belonging to a public school in the south of Brazil. Psychologists evaluated fluid intelligence through the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrix Test. The physical fitness evaluation followed the procedures of the "Brazil Sports Project". Weight and height were measured to determine body mass index and generalized linear regression analyses were used with a 95% confidence interval. Our results showed that agility was inversely associated with fluid intelligence only in the overweight/obese group (ß = -1.506; p = 0.01). Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness were not associated with fluid intelligence. In conclusion, agility was the only physical fitness component related to fluid intelligence, and this relationship was found exclusively in overweight/obese schoolchildren.

The Revised Mood Rhythm Instrument: A Large Multicultural Psychometric Study.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies with the mood rhythm instrument (MRhI) have shown that the presence of recurrent daily peaks in specific mood symptoms are significantly associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Using a large sample collected in Brazil, Spain, and Canada, we aimed to analyze which MRhI items maintained good psychometric properties across cultures. As a secondary aim, we used network analysis to visualize the strength of the association between the MRhI items. METHODS: Adults (n = 1275) between 18-60 years old from Spain (n = 458), Brazil (n = 415), and Canada (n = 401) completed the MRhI and the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Psychometric analyses followed three steps: Factor analysis, item response theory, and network analysis. RESULTS: The factor analysis indicated the retention of three factors that grouped the MRhI items into cognitive, somatic, and affective domains. The item response theory analysis suggested the exclusion of items that displayed a significant divergence in difficulty measures between countries. Finally, the network analysis revealed a structure where sleepiness plays a central role in connecting the three domains. These psychometric analyses enabled a psychometric-based refinement of the MRhI, where the 11 items with good properties across cultures were kept in a shorter, revised MRhI version (MRhI-r). LIMITATIONS: Participants were mainly university students and, as we did not conduct a formal clinical assessment, any potential correlations (beyond the validated SRQ) cannot be ascertained. CONCLUSIONS: The MRhI-r is a novel tool to investigate self-perceived rhythmicity of mood-related symptoms and behaviors, with good psychometric properties across multiple cultures.

Factors associated with mental health in mothers with children under seven / Factores asociados con la salud mental en madres con niños menores de siete años

BACKGROUND: This Brazilian study investigated the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) and their associated factors in mothers of children under seven years old. METHOD: Participants were 1,172 mothers who answered the SRQ-20 instrument and a questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to identify the variables with a predictive power on CMD symptoms. RESULTS: The variables with most predictive power were: income, health of the mother during pregnancy, pregnancy desirability and marital satisfaction. CONCLUSION: There are several personal, relational and socioeconomic factors that affect mother's mental health. Early interventions are important to reduce problems related to maternal mental health and child development is reinforced, to provide a higher quality of life for the mother-child dyad

ANTECEDENTES: esta investigación brasileña investigó la prevalencia de los síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) y sus factores asociados en madres de niños menores de siete años. MÉTODO: las participantes fueron 1.172 madres que respondieron el instrumento SRQ-20 y un cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales para identificar las variables con un poder predictivo en los síntomas de TMC. RESULTADOS: las variables con mayor poder predictivo fueron: renta, salud de la madre durante el embarazo, deseabilidad del embarazo y satisfacción con su pareja. CONCLUSIÓN: existen varios factores personales, relacionales y socioeconómicos que afectan la salud mental de la madre. Las intervenciones tempranas son importantes para reducir los problemas relacionados con la salud mental materna y el desarrollo infantil a fin de proporcionar una mejor calidad de vida a la díada madre-hijo

Factors associated with mental health in mothers with children under seven.

BACKGROUND: This Brazilian study investigated the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) and their associated factors in mothers of children under seven years old. METHOD: Participants were 1,172 mothers who answered the SRQ-20 instrument and a questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to identify the variables with a predictive power on CMD symptoms. RESULTS: The variables with most predictive power were: income, health of the mother during pregnancy, pregnancy desirability and marital satisfaction. CONCLUSION: There are several personal, relational and socioeconomic factors that affect mother's mental health. Early interventions are important to reduce problems related to maternal mental health and child development is reinforced, to provide a higher quality of life for the mother-child dyad.

What neuropsychological functions best discriminate performance in adults post-stroke?

This study aimed to develop a short version of an instrument to detect cognitive impairment in stroke patients, investigate which cognitive dimensions best discriminate between stroke patients and healthy adults and to graphically analyze the relationships among the neuropsychological variables and groups. This pilot study included 94 adults (49 post-stroke and 45 neurologically healthy) who answered the Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery NEUPSILIN for patients with expressive aphasia (NEUPSILIN-Af) to assess orientation, perception, memory, praxis, executive functions, oral language, and academic achievement (written language and arithmetic). The IRT Rasch model for dichotomous data indicated the exclusion of items that could not be used to discriminate performances. ROC curves indicated that only the orientation, oral language, academic achievement, and executive function dimensions could be used to differentiate between the clinical and healthy groups. Graphical analysis indicated that independently of the relation among variables, orientation and executive functions tasks are essentials in the neuropsychological assessments. This study contributes to the development of specific and sensitive neuropsychological instruments to assess stroke patients and to better understand the common deficits present in this clinical population.

Validation Study of the Revised Version of the Scale of Prejudice Against Sexual and Gender Diversity in Brazil.

In Brazil, there is a deficit of culturally adapted tools to assess prejudice against sexual and gender diversity with empirically demonstrable validity and reliability. Prejudice against non-heterosexual orientations is a strong problem within Brazilian culture and is particularly related to nonnormative expressions of gender. To address these issues, a scale was created. The objective of this article is to validate the revised version of this instrument developed for the specificities of Brazilian culture and establish its reliability. The revised version of Scale of Prejudice Against Sexual and Gender Diversity (PASGD) was completed by 8,184 undergraduate students from southern Brazil. Analysis was conducted using the item response theory (IRT) model for rating scale data, criterion validity, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale showed good validity and reliability. The results indicate that the PASGD is a useful tool for assessing prejudice in the Brazilian context, adapted for the local Brazilian reality.

Reliability of Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher's Report Form in a Sample of Brazilian Children / Confiabilidad de la Lista de chequeo de comportamiento infantil y la forma de reporte de profesores en una muestra de niños brasileros

Instruments comprising the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment are widely used worldwide to assess behavior problems in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess the temporal stability of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF), administered to parents and teachers of school-aged children, respectively. Temporal stability was assessed based on intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). High test-retest reliability was observed for both CBCL and TRF (0.87 - 0.91 and 0.62 - 0.8 for total behavior scale, respectively). These findings suggest that both instruments remained stable over the one-year period assessment, revealing the stability of the instrument and corroborating the findings of previous international studies.

Los instrumentos que conforman el Sistema de Evaluación Empírica de Achenbach son ampliamente utilizados en todo el mundo para evaluar los problemas de conducta en niños y adolescentes . El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la estabilidad temporal de la Child Behavior Checklist ( CBCL ) y el Formulario de Informe del profesor ( TRF) , administrado a los padres y maestros de niños en edad escolar, respectivamente. La estabilidad temporal se evaluó con base en el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI ) . Una alta fiabilidad test -retest se observó tanto para el CBCL y TRF ( 0,870,91 y 0,62-0,80 para la escala total del comportamiento, respectivamente) . Estos resultados sugieren que ambos instrumentos se mantuvo estable durante el período de un año evaluado, lo que sugiere la estabilidad del instrumento y corroboran los hallazgos de estudios internacionales previos.