RESUMO
The Medical Risk Related History (MRRH) has been in use for several years in the Netherlands. Since 1994 the MRRH system has been subject to research in nine European countries. Legal and ethical demands in all participating countries have been listed, and a national epidemiological analysis of pathology interfering with dental treatment has been undertaken for every participant.
Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos , Anamnese , União Europeia , Humanos , Países Baixos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco/métodos , Gestão de Riscos/métodos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosAssuntos
Gravidez/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional , Radiação IonizanteRESUMO
The effects are described of xerostomia on the oral mucosa and dental structures. The various conditions which give rise to extreme dryness are listed; a rough estimate is made on the prevalence of these conditions. The contribution of drug induced xerostomia, of post irradiation mouth dryness and of autoimmune associated salivary disorders are dealt with. Reference is made to studies of xerostomia in various subpopulations. The prevalence of diseases known to be associated with mucosal dryness, and the yearly patterns of drug prescription in Ireland are used to justify an estimate of 2.1% to 3.3% of the population to be the incidence of xerostomia in the Republic of Ireland.
Assuntos
Xerostomia/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Doenças Autoimunes/complicações , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Humanos , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Lesões por Radiação , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicações , Xerostomia/etiologiaRESUMO
A calculation is made of the cost for an ultrasound screening programme for abdominal aortic aneurysm. From this is derived the cost of a QALY (Quality Adjusted Life Year) for different ages and sex. The cost of a QALY in this programme compares well with other types of screening programme. It is found that a screening programme should include both men and women.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Aórtico/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aorta Abdominal , Feminino , Humanos , Expectativa de Vida , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/economia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Sexuais , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The epidemiology of Hepatitis B infection is used to show that dental health care workers are at greater risk of acquiring serious infective diseases than is the population at large. The significance of this greater risk is that dental employers must take the proper steps to protect their employees' health. A five fold strategy is put forward to achieve this end. The law governing a (dental) employer's duty in this regard is examined. Failure to take appropriate action leaves the dental employer open to legal action in the event that an employee acquires a serious infection in the course of his work. The similarity is stressed between Irish and British law in protecting the needs of authority and established bodies such as for instance the dental profession. However, the developments in Irish law are mentioned which show that following established practice in a profession does not guarantee protection from legal suit.
Assuntos
Recursos Humanos em Odontologia , Hepatite B/transmissão , Controle de Infecções/legislação & jurisprudência , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Saúde Ocupacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Administração da Prática Odontológica/legislação & jurisprudência , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Irlanda , Pacientes , Gestão de RiscosRESUMO
As culture-bound syndromes, Japanese shinkeishitsu ("constitutional neurasthenia") and taijinkyofusho ("anthropophobia") have received considerable attention in the Japanese literature. While these disorders are viewed as diagnostically distinct from Western psychiatric categories, recent studies by the Japanese suggest some affinity with Western social phobias, depression, and schizophrenia. The paper reviews this literature and offers suggestions for further cross-cultural research.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Características Culturais , Transtorno Depressivo/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Japão/etnologia , Masculino , Neurastenia/etnologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/etnologia , Transtornos Fóbicos/etnologia , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/etnologiaRESUMO
A plea is made for a significant input on AIDS to the dental undergraduate curriculum by medical teachers. The suspicion is that in some schools the teaching of medicine to dental students is not treated seriously. Figures are quoted depicting the worldwide spread of AIDS. The risk of dentists acquiring HIV in the health care setting is discussed. Mention is made of infection control in the dental environment. The objectives are given of a medical curriculum for dental students. Some of the oral manifestations of AIDS are named. Symptoms and signs (which a dentist should be able to recognize) are given for pulmonary, neurological, gastrointestinal or neoplastic complications that may be found in HIV infection. The role of the dentist is stressed in continuing surveillance of patients with HIV infection.
