RESUMO
This study examined the effects of adult antecedent utterances on the occurrence and use of echolalia in children with autism during a free play setting. Adult antecedent utterances were differentiated into two types, high and low constraint, based on the degree of linguistic constraint inherent in the adult utterance and social-communicative control exerted on the child's social and verbal interaction. Results of this study identified a variety of patterns of echolalia usage following adult high and low constraint utterances. Overall results found that a majority of immediate echoes followed high constraint utterances and were primarily used as responsives, organizational devices, and cognitives. The majority of delayed echoes followed low constraint utterances and were primarily used as requestives, assertives, and cognitives. Delayed echoes were more likely than immediate echoes to be produced with evidence of comprehension, but there were no differences in comprehension within the two categories of echolalia following high and low constraint utterances. Educational implications are discussed.
Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico/psicologia , Ecolalia/psicologia , Meio Social , Percepção da Fala , Comportamento Verbal , Adulto , Atenção , Transtorno Autístico/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ecolalia/diagnóstico , Educação Inclusiva , Feminino , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Masculino , Fonética , Semântica , Comportamento Social , FonoterapiaRESUMO
The effects of specific types of adult antecedent utterances (high vs. low constraint) on the verbal behaviors produced by three subjects with autism were examined. Adult utterance types were differentiated in terms of the amount of control the adults exhibited in their verbal interactions with the subjects during a free play setting. Videotaped interactions were analyzed and coded according to a predetermined categorical system. The results of this investigation suggest that the level of linguistic constraint exerted on the child interactants during naturalistic play sessions affected their communicative output. The overall findings suggest that (a) adult high constraint utterances elicited more verbal utterances in general, as well as a majority of the subjects' echolalia; (b) adult low constraint utterances elicited more subject high constraint utterances; and (c) the degree of constraint of adult utterances did not appear to influence the mean lengths of subjects' utterances. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for educational interventions, and suggestions are made for future research concerning the dynamics of echolalia in interactive contexts.
Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico/diagnóstico , Ecolalia/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Semântica , Comportamento Verbal , Transtorno Autístico/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Formação de Conceito , Ecolalia/psicologia , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/psicologia , Testes de Linguagem , Masculino , Psicolinguística , Meio SocialRESUMO
This study was a preliminary attempt to determine how autistic children used delayed echolalia in naturalistic interactions with familiar people. Fourteen functional categories of delayed echolalia were derived based on videotape analyses of linguistic, extralinguistic, and paralinguistic features. Individual differences in functional usage were apparent across the three subjects. Delayed echolalia was found to vary along the dimensions of interactiveness, comprehension of the utterance produced, and relevance to linguistic or situational context. The diversity of delayed echolalic behavior is discussed in reference to its conventionality, the presence or absence of communicative intent, and its status as symbolic communicative activity.