[Biological value of fruits and berries of Russian production].

Fruits and berries are the most important sources of a wide range of biologically active substances, including vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins. In order to replenish and update data on the content of food and biologically active substances in the tables of the chemical composition of food products, a study of the content of mono- and disaccharides, dietary fiber was carried out; vitamins C, B1, B2 and E, minerals and trace elements; flavonoids (in terms of rutin), anthocyanins; organic and hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenoids in various varieties of 16 fruit and berry crops. Material and methods. The material for the study was the fruits of promising varieties and selected forms of pome fruit (apple, pear), stone fruit (cherry, plum, apricot), berry (garden strawberry, raspberry, black currant, red currant, gooseberry), non-traditional crops (actinidia, honeysuckle, cornelian cherry, viburnum, sea buckthorn, rosehip) - a total of 208 samples grown at the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center. The B vitamins were determined by the fluorometric method, and vitamin E, organic and hydroxycinnamic acids, carbohydrates, and stilbenoids were determined by HPLC. The amount of anthocyanin pigments was determined by pH differential spectrophotometry, dietary fiber - by enzymatic-gravimetric method, flavonoids - spectrophotometrically. Results and discussion. The main carbohydrate of apricot is sucrose, black currants, cherries, raspberries and honeysuckle contain mainly fructose and glucose. Raspberries and currants are high in fiber. Comparison of the obtained data on the content of vitamins B1, B2, E, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the studied population of varieties in comparison with the published data of tables of the chemical composition of food products in the USA and Russia was carried out. By the content of vitamin C in descending order, the fruits are arranged in a row: black currant > sea buckthorn > honeysuckle > strawberry > red currant > viburnum > gooseberry > raspberry > apple. Berries, making a significant contribution to providing the body with vitamin C, are not an essential source of vitamins B and E. The inclusion of 100 g of fresh fruit in the diet provides about 10% of the recommended dietary intake for potassium (apricot, gooseberry, cherry and black currant), magnesium (apple, cherry, strawberry) and dietary fiber. Honeysuckle and black currant are high in anthocyanins; consumption of 100 g of these berries will ensure adequate intake of these micronutrients. Some varieties of strawberries, apples and pears are rich in hydroxycinnamic acids. The data obtained can be used to refine the indicators in the existing tables of the chemical composition of food products. Conclusion. The obtained data on the composition of fruit and berry products will make it possible to more correctly calculate the nutritional value of rations using questionnaire-survey methods. Combined analysis of the composition of biologically active substances in berries and fruits makes it possible to more reasonably make the choice of a particular product in the dietary correction of the ration of healthy and sick people.

[Development and validation of methodology of quantitative determination of sibutramine in dietary supplements by high performance liquid chromatography].

Sibutramine is a highly effective drug for the treatment of obesity. In this regard, unscrupulous manufacturers can add sibutramine as a biologically active synthetic substance prohibited for use in the composition of dietary supplements. Thus, the problem associated with the illegal circulation of such dietary supplements is especially actual, given the scale of the sale of these products. The development and validation of methods for the determination of sibutramine in dietary supplements for slimming (anorexigenic action) for the purpose of quality control in order to ensure the quality of dietary supplements when introduced into civil circulation at customs and on the market. The aim of the study - to develop a method for the quantitative determination of sibutramin in dietary supplements for weight loss by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and to validate it. Material and methods. For the quantitative determination of sibutramine in dietary supplements, we used an Agilent 1100 high performance liquid chromatograph with a UV-detector. The stationary phase was a chromatographic column C18 NUCLEOSIL 4.6×150 mm, particle size 5 µm. The mobile phase contained 0.05 M formate buffer pH 4.0 and acetonitrile in a ratio of 40:60 (by volume). Results and discussion. A methodology has been developed for the determination of sibutramine in dietary supplements for weight loss, which makes it possible to control the quality of dietary supplements. Based on the obtained chromatograms, the specificity was determined; the plant components did not influence the determination of sibutramine in model mixtures. The suitability of the chromatographic system was determined: the retention factor of the compound - 2.222 (more than 2.0), N - 5776 theoretical plates (more than 5000), T peak of sibutramine - 0.939 (not more than 1.5). Within the analytical area of the linearity method: R2=0.9993 (over 0.9950). ε=0.46% (does not exceed 1.5%), the confidence interval includes the value of 100%, the calculated value of the Student's criterion tcalc (2.47) was less than the tabular ttable (2.80), which proved the correctness of the methodology. The precision of the results was determined by the obtained RSD value, which was 0.91% (less than 1%). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) took values of 0.1 and 1.0%, respectively. The range of measured concentrations was 0.01-20.0 mg/g. Conclusion. As a result of the studies, the method for sibutramine determination in dietary supplements with anorexigenic action was tested and can be used in quality control of dietary supplements.

[The study of the polyphenolic complex and iridoid glycosides in various cultivars of edible honeysuckle fruits Lonicera edulis Turcz. ex Freyn].

The high content of minor biologically active substances in the fruits of wild-growing and cultivated varieties of honeysuckle, along with the low knowledge of the chemical composition of domestic varieties, determines the relevance of the study of their qualitative and quantitative composition. The aim of the work was to study the detailed composition of the main groups of biologically active polyphenolic compounds [anthocyanins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), proanthocyanidins] and iridoids in various cultivars of domestic edible honeysuckle fruits (Lonicera edulis Turcz. Ex Freyn). Material and methods. 15 samples of frozen fruits of edible honeysuckle harvested in Tambov, Voronezh, Moscow regions and Karelia were investigated. The total content of polyphenolic compounds (in terms of gallic acid equivalents) was determined by the modified Folin-Ciocalteu method, the total content of monomeric anthocyanins (in terms of cyanidin-3-glucoside) - by pH-differential spectrophotometry, proanthocyanidins (in terms of procyanidin B2) - by the modified Bate-Smith method. The profiles of individual anthocyanins, iridoids, flavonoids and HCAs was determined by HPLC-DAD/TOF-MS. The carbohydrate profile by capillary electrophoresis and antiradical activity in DPPH test in vitro were investigated as well. Results and discussion. The main groups of polyphenolic compounds were anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was found as predominant among anthocyanins (>85% of their sum). Substantial amounts of iridoids (from 78.0 till 341.8 mg/100 g) were found in the honeysuckle examined. The loganic acid and loganine prevailed among iridoids. The total content of flavonoids varied in the range of 9.2- 46.6 mg/100 g, the main of which was rutin. Among HCAs chlorogenic acid prevailed, which accounted for 85.7-90.4% of the total amount of HCAs (45.9-79.8 mg/100 g). A correlation was found between the amount of polyphenolic compounds and the antiradical properties of honeysuckle fruits in DPPH test. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study the most promising varieties of domestic honeysuckle in terms of the highest content of polyphenolic antioxidants and iridoids with potential anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial and other types of biological activity were determined for the first time.

[Nutrient value of fruit in promising strawberry varieties].

One of the current areas in research of fruit and berry crops is the study of their nutritional value and micronutrient composition. Valuable chemical composition of the strawberry determines a wide spectrum of its utilization not only as fresh fruit, but also as a raw material for food industry. Breeding requirements for contemporary strawberry varieties together with yield, large-fruit, important taste and dietary qualities of fruit provide for higher content of biologic active substances. The aim of the research was an integrated assessment of strawberry fruit for content of nutrients and bioactive compounds, as well as mineral elements, and its antioxidant activity. Material and methods. The objects of investigation were berries of 5 strawberry varieties bred in the I.V. Michurin Scientific Centre (Lakomaya, Prazdnichnaya, Privlekatelnaya, Urozhaynaya CGL, Feyerverk) and 9 foreign varieties (Vima Zanta, Dukat, Zefir, Kama, Maryshka, Red Gauntlet, Festivalnaya romashka, Honey, Elsanta) which are promising for cultivation in the Black Soil Region of Russia. The content of soluble solids was determined by the refractometric method, sugars - by Bertrand's method, pectins - by the volumetric method, anthocyanins - by pH-differential spectrophotometry. Total content of antioxidants was defined by amperometric method with recalculation per quercetin. Determination of vitamin B1 was carried out using the fluorometric thiochrome method, vitamin B2 - by fluorometric titration with riboflavin-binding apoprotein after acid-enzymatic hydrolysis, ascorbic acid, vitamin E (tocopherols), niacin, organic and hydroxycinnamic acids - by HPLC, flavonols - spectrophotometrically, minerals and trace elements - by atomic absorption method. Results and discussion. A significant variation in the chemical composition indices depending on the varietal characteristics was found. Strawberry fruit accumulated 8.5-12.0% soluble solids, 5.9-8.7% sugars, 1.5-2.1% of fibre, 0.78-1.12% pectin substances, 0.89-1.45% organic acid; 100 g contain 33.5-48.2 mg vitamin C, 18.3-108.5 mg anthocyanins, 0.024-0.041 mg vitamin B1, 0.012-0.029 mg vitamin B2, 0.10-0.26 mg niacin, 0.26-0.60 mg TE vitamin E, 102-270 mg potassium, 0.15-0.95 mg iron; total antioxidant activity ranged within 180.8-350.0 mg/100 g. High level of anthocyan accumulation (over 80.0 mg/100 g) was observed in Privlekatelnaya, Lakomaya and Feyerverk strawberry varieties. Urozhaynaya CGL, Privlekatelnaya and Lakomaya varieties were characterized by dessert taste. According to the results of the studies Privlekatelnaya variety stood out because of the high complex accumulation of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and high total antioxidant activity. These varieties are recommended for both fresh use and for freezing, as well as for production of functional foods. Conclusion. The obtained data are of interest for further inclusion in the Tables of the chemical composition of Russian food products.