Regulators of tubulin polyglutamylation control nuclear shape and cilium disassembly by balancing microtubule and actin assembly.

Cytoskeletal networks play an important role in regulating nuclear morphology and ciliogenesis. However, the role of microtubule (MT) post-translational modifications in nuclear shape regulation and cilium disassembly has not been explored. Here we identified a novel regulator of the tubulin polyglutamylase complex (TPGC), C11ORF49/CSTPP1, that regulates cytoskeletal organization, nuclear shape, and cilium disassembly. Mechanistically, loss of C11ORF49/CSTPP1 impacts the assembly and stability of the TPGC, which modulates long-chain polyglutamylation levels on microtubules (MTs) and thereby balances the binding of MT-associated proteins and actin nucleators. As a result, loss of TPGC leads to aberrant, enhanced assembly of MTs that penetrate the nucleus, which in turn leads to defects in nuclear shape, and disorganization of cytoplasmic actin that disrupts the YAP/TAZ pathway and cilium disassembly. Further, we showed that C11ORF49/CSTPP1-TPGC plays mechanistically distinct roles in the regulation of nuclear shape and cilium disassembly. Remarkably, disruption of C11ORF49/CSTPP1-TPGC also leads to developmental defects in vivo. Our findings point to an unanticipated nexus that links tubulin polyglutamylation with nuclear shape and ciliogenesis.

Enhancing Language Access: A Pilot Study to Examine the Importance of Understanding the Language Preference and Acculturalization Level in the Provision of Healthcare for Hispanics Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain preliminary data to culturally adapt the Veteran Health Administration Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) assessment instruments for the Hispanic Veteran population. A qualitative analysis explored the cognitive processes used by Hispanic Veterans whose preferred language was Spanish to understand a specific set of screening questions within the Initial TBI Screening, the Comprehensive TBI Evaluation, the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), and the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LTCQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A certified translator completed translation of the TBI instruments, an expert panel resolved inadequate expressions of the translations, and translated instruments were back translated. Male and female Hispanic Veterans with a positive TBI screening underwent a recorded administration of the TBI instruments, including LTCQ, followed by systematic debriefing using semi-structured cognitive interviews which then underwent qualitative analysis. The Marin's Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics, the Tropp's Psychological Acculturation Scale, the English-Language Proficiency Test Series, and the TBI Demographic and Language Preference interview were administered to the subjects. RESULTS: Fifteen subjects were enrolled for the TBI instruments intervention; 11 of them completed all the additional procedures. The TBI instruments intervention seemed to produce very few variations, indicating adequate cultural equivalence. However, the LTCQ instrument showed suggested cultural variations, but did not suggest a lack of understanding or misinterpretation. The population studied displayed preferential connectedness to the Hispanic/Latino culture and to the Spanish language. The LTCQ indicated that subjects perceived themselves as having a worse execution in terms of communication skills than historical control and TBI groups. English-Language Proficiency Test Series found that most of the subject population did not demonstrate mastery of grade-appropriate basic social and academic vocabulary in English. CONCLUSION: Current findings highlight the importance of using linguistically and culturally appropriate materials upon evaluating Hispanic Veterans with a suspected TBI who have Spanish as their primary or preferred language.

Whole-genome screen identifies diverse pathways that negatively regulate ciliogenesis.

We performed a high-throughput whole-genome RNAi screen to identify novel inhibitors of ciliogenesis in normal and basal breast cancer cells. Our screen uncovered a previously undisclosed, extensive network of genes linking integrin signaling and cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) with inhibition of ciliation in both normal and cancer cells. Surprisingly, a cohort of genes encoding ECM proteins was also identified. We characterized several ciliation inhibitory genes and showed that their silencing was accompanied by altered cytoskeletal organization and induction of ciliation, which restricts cell growth and migration in normal and breast cancer cells. Conversely, supplying an integrin ligand, vitronectin, to the ECM rescued the enhanced ciliation observed on silencing this gene. Aberrant ciliation could also be suppressed through hyperactivation of the YAP/TAZ pathway, indicating a potential mechanistic basis for our findings. Our findings suggest an unanticipated reciprocal relationship between ciliation and cellular adhesion to the ECM and provide a resource that could vastly expand our understanding of controls involving "outside-in" and "inside-out" signaling that restrain cilium assembly.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in surgical epidermal wounds in rabbits / Evaluación de la efectividad del plasma rico en plaquetas en heridas quirúrgicas epidermales en conejos

SUMMARY Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the portion of the blood plasma which contains a platelet concentration above basal levels that stimulate tissue repair by means to growth factors. The aimed of this research was to evaluate the impact of PRP on skin repair upon epidermal surgical lesions. Using a scalpel, a clean epidermal incision of 5cm length was made in the interscapular region of New Zealand rabbits (n=8), and then divided in two groups. Rabbits from the group 1 (n=4) were untreated (control group), while group 2 received PRP on the surgical wound. Autologous PRP was obtained from whole blood drawn by jugular vein puncture, collected with sodium citrate anticoagulant solution, and centrifuged at 120g x 5min. One milliliter was obtained of the phase superior to the buffy coat. Biopsies from the injured tissue were collected on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 post-surgeries, and submitted to Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's Trichrome staining. In conclusion, the platelets separation method allows to obtaining plasma with higher platelets concentration and reduced number of leukocytes. Additionally, the results show that therapeutic PRP administration on surgically-induced skin injury has effect on the histological features of tissue healing compared with the control group.

RESUMEN El Plasma Rico en Plaquetas (PRP) es una porción del plasma sanguíneo que tiene una concentración de plaquetas superior a los niveles basales, que estimulan la reparación tisular, a través de los factores de crecimiento. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto del PRP en la reparación de lesiones quirúrgicas epidermales. Usando un bisturí, se realizó una incisión epidermal limpia de 5cm de longitud, en la región interescapular, de Conejos Nueva Zelanda (n=8), los cuales fueron divididos en dos grupos. Conejos del grupo 1 (n=4), no fueron tratados (grupo control), mientras que el grupo 2 recibió PRP en la herida quirúrgica. PRP autólogo fue obtenido de sangre entera, por medio de punción de la vena yugular, usando citrato de sodio, como anticoagulante y centrifugando a 120g x 5min. Posteriormente, un mililitro de plasma fue obtenido de la fase superior de la capa leucocitaria. Biopsias del tejido lesionado fueron obtenidas en los días 3, 7, 14 y 21, posterior a la cirugía y sometidas a la tinción de Hematoxilina Eosina y Tricrómico de Masson. En conclusión, el método usado para la separación de las plaquetas permite obtener plasma, con una mayor concentración de plaquetas y un reducido número de leucocitos. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran que la administra- ción terapéutica de PRP sobre heridas quirúrgicas de piel tiene efecto sobre las características histológicas del tejido, comparado con el grupo control.

Prognostic role of elevated mir-24-3p in breast cancer and its association with the metastatic process.

MicroRNAs have been shown to play important roles in breast cancer progression and can serve as biomarkers. To assess the prognostic role of a panel of miRNAs in breast cancer, we collected plasma prospectively at the time of initial diagnosis from 1,780 patients with stage I-III breast cancer prior to definitive treatment. We identified plasma from 115 patients who subsequently developed distant metastases and 115 patients without metastatic disease. Both groups were matched by: age at blood collection, year of blood collection, breast cancer subtype, and stage. The median follow up was 3.4 years (range, 1-9 years). We extracted RNA from plasma and analyzed the expression of 800 miRNAs using Nanostring technology. We then assessed the expression of miRNAs in primary and metastatic breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that, miR-24-3p was upregulated in patients with metastases, both in plasma and in breast cancer tissues. Patients whose primary tumors expressed high levels of miR-24-3p had a significantly lower survival rate compared to patients with low mir-24-3p levels in the TCGA cohort (n=1,024). RNA-Seq data of the samples with the highest miR-24-3p expression versus those with the lowest miR-24-3p in the TCGA cohort identified a specific gene expression signature for those tumors with high miR-24-3p. Possible target genes for miR-24-3p were predicted based on gene expression and binding site, and their effects on cancer pathways were evaluated. Cancer, breast cancer and proteoglycans were the top three pathways affected by miR-24-3p overexpression.

Gating Ciliary Transport.

Cilia lack the ability to synthesize proteins and thus require dynamic transport. Reporting in this issue of Developmental Cell, Kanie et al. (2017) shed light on the mechanism of transport by implicating CEP19, which is associated with an autosomal-recessive obesity syndrome when mutated, in the triggering of intraflagellar transport.

RNF11 sequestration of the E3 ligase SMURF2 on membranes antagonizes SMAD7 down-regulation of transforming growth factor ß signaling.

The activity of the E3 ligase, SMURF2, is antagonized by an intramolecular, autoinhibitory interaction between its C2 and Hect domains. Relief of SMURF2 autoinhibition is induced by TGFß and is mediated by the inhibitory SMAD, SMAD7. In a proteomic screen for endomembrane interactants of the RING-domain E3 ligase, RNF11, we identified SMURF2, among a cohort of Hect E3 ligases previously implicated in TGFß signaling. Reconstitution of the SMURF2·RNF11 complex in vitro unexpectedly revealed robust SMURF2 E3 ligase activity, with biochemical properties previously restricted to the SMURF2·SMAD7 complex. Using in vitro binding assays, we find that RNF11 can directly compete with SMAD7 for SMURF2 and that binding is mutually exclusive and dependent on a proline-rich domain. Moreover, we found that co-expression of RNF11 and SMURF2 dramatically reduced SMURF2 ubiquitylation in the cell. This effect is strictly dependent on complex formation and sorting determinants that regulate the association of RNF11 with membranes. RNF11 is overexpressed in certain tumors, and, importantly, we found that depletion of this protein down-regulated gene expression of several TGFß-responsive genes, dampened cell proliferation, and dramatically reduced cell migration in response to TGFß. Our data suggest for the first time that the choice of binding partners for SMURF2 can sustain or repress TGFß signaling, and RNF11 may promote TGFß-induced cell migration.

Estado de salud bucal en pacientes discapacitados del área de salud de Espartaco, municipio Palmira / Oral Health Status of disabled patients. Health Area of Spartacus, Palmira Municipality

Fundamento: las personas discapacitadas presentan condiciones que limitan sus posibilidades para desarrollar la vida cotidiana y por consiguiente requieren de una atención de salud integral; sin embargo se considera que a nivel mundial la mayoría de esta población no recibe atención bucodental acorde a sus requerimientos.Objetivo: determinar el estado de salud bucal en pacientes discapacitados.Métodos: estudio de serie de casos realizado de junio a septiembre de 2015, sobre 88 discapacitados que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se analizó: edad, sexo, nivel de escolaridad, ocupación, clasificación epidemiológica en cuanto a salud bucal, problemas de salud bucal, enfermedades crónicas, factores de riesgo, tratamientos realizados en atención primaria y secundaria. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino sobre el femenino y el grupo de edades de 35 a 59 años; prevalecieron los técnicos medios y los de nivel preuniversitario; el 38, 6 % poseía empleo. Fueron más numerosas las discapacidades mentales. El 72, 2 % padecía de hipertensión arterial. La clasificación epidemiológica del estado de salud bucal mostró que 54, 5 % estaban enfermos; 19, 3 % sanos con riesgo y 26,1 % deficientes discapacitados. Dentro de los factores de riesgo sobresalieron los antecedentes de caries y cepillado incorrecto. En atención primaria predominaron las restauraciones (47,7 % ) y en la atención secundaria la ortodoncia (13,6 %). Conclusiones: la salud bucal en el grupo estudiado fue deficiente, lo que pudiera estar dado porque tanto pacientes como familiares dan más importancia a la condición física como discapacitado que a la salud bucal.

Foundation: Disbale people present conditions which limit their abilties to develop an everyday life and therefore require comprehensive health care; however it is considered that worldwide most of this population does not receive oral care according to their requirements. Objective: To determine status of Oral Health in disabled patients. Methods: A study of case series carried out from june to September 2015, about 88 disabled patients who achieved inclusion criteria. It was analyzed age, sex, scholarship, occupation, epidemiological classification regarding Oral Health, problems of Oral health, chronic diseases, risk factors, recieved treatments in primary and secundary health systems.Results: Male sex prevailed over the female one and age group from 35 to 59 years old; They prevailed technicians and senior high school level;; 38% had an employment. Mental disabilities were more frequent. 72.2% suffered from arterial hypertension. Epidemiological classification of Oral Health State showed that 54.5% were sick.; 19.3% were healthy and 26.1% defficent disabled. Among the risk factors, antecedents of caries and incorrect brushing stood out. In Primary Care restaurations prevailed (47.7%) and in Secondary Health care Orthodontics( 13.6%).Conclusion: There was a deficient oral health in the studied group, which could be given because both patients and relatives give more importance to the physical condition as disabled than to oral health.

Cilium assembly and disassembly.

The primary cilium is an antenna-like, immotile organelle present on most types of mammalian cells, which interprets extracellular signals that regulate growth and development. Although once considered a vestigial organelle, the primary cilium is now the focus of considerable interest. We now know that ciliary defects lead to a panoply of human diseases, termed ciliopathies, and the loss of this organelle may be an early signature event during oncogenic transformation. Ciliopathies include numerous seemingly unrelated developmental syndromes, with involvement of the retina, kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal system and brain. Recent studies have begun to clarify the key mechanisms that link cilium assembly and disassembly to the cell cycle, and suggest new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.

Tethering of an E3 ligase by PCM1 regulates the abundance of centrosomal KIAA0586/Talpid3 and promotes ciliogenesis.

To elucidate the role of centriolar satellites in ciliogenesis, we deleted the gene encoding the PCM1 protein, an integral component of satellites. PCM1 null human cells show marked defects in ciliogenesis, precipitated by the loss of specific proteins from satellites and their relocation to centrioles. We find that an amino-terminal domain of PCM1 can restore ciliogenesis and satellite localization of certain proteins, but not others, pinpointing unique roles for PCM1 and a group of satellite proteins in cilium assembly. Remarkably, we find that PCM1 is essential for tethering the E3 ligase, Mindbomb1 (Mib1), to satellites. In the absence of PCM1, Mib1 destabilizes Talpid3 through poly-ubiquitylation and suppresses cilium assembly. Loss of PCM1 blocks ciliogenesis by abrogating recruitment of ciliary vesicles associated with the Talpid3-binding protein, Rab8, which can be reversed by inactivating Mib1. Thus, PCM1 promotes ciliogenesis by tethering a key E3 ligase to satellites and restricting it from centrioles.

Usos terapéuticos del ozono en los servicios de salud / Therapeutics uses ofozone in health services

Introducción: el ozono, compuesto por tres átomos de oxígeno, fue descubierto desde finales del siglo XVI. La mayor difusión y desarrollo de la ozonoterapia en los últimos cinco años, constituyó una motivación para realizar esta revisión bibliográfica. Objetivo: actualizar información sobre usos terapéuticos del ozono en servicios de salud. Métodos: la búsqueda de la información, incluyó una revisión artículos científicos de revistas indexadas en Scopus, SciELO, PubMed Hinari y se utilizaron los descriptores siguientes: antecedentes históricos, obtención del ozono, las acciones del ozono, la ozonoterapia, principales aplicaciones y contraindicaciones. Resultados: en la revisión bibliográfica realizada se encontró que el ozono fue utilizado por sus múltiples acciones terapéuticas en el organismo como excelente opción para el tratamiento de muchas afecciones, tanto médicas como estomatológicas. Se constató que es un potente oxidante, desinfectante, desodorizante e inmunomodulador y puede utilizarse en patologías con deficiente aporte de oxígeno. Conclusiones: el aporte con este trabajo es en lo relativo al conocimiento sobre los usos terapéuticos del ozono en los servicios de salud y que esta terapia, no solo se aplica en Cuba. Constituye una herramienta para contribuir al proceso docente metodológico al ser esencial para la superación de los estudiantes.

Introduction: Ozone is composed by three atoms of oxygen. It was discoveredby the end of the XVI century. The biggest diffusion and development of this therapy in the last five years was the motivation to carry out this bibliographical review. Objective: To deepen and to upgrade knowledge of the ozone therapeutic uses in health services. Method: The search of the information, included a review of published scientific articles from journals indexed in Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, Hinariand the following descriptors were used: historical background, obtaining of the ozone, actions of ozone, ozone therapy, main applications and contraindications. Results: Ozone has been used as an excellent option for the treatment of many medical and dentistry ailments, due to its multiple therapeutic actions in the organism. It has no interactions with other treatments. It is a strong antioxidant, disinfectant, deodorizer, immune system modulator and a good alternative for several conditions. It helps to improve the patient's quaity of life. Conclusions: The contribution of this work is in relation to the knowledge on the therapeutic uses of the ozone in the health services, and that this therapy is not only used in Cuba. It constitutes a tool to contribute to the methodological educational process, being essential for the upgrade of the students.

Trends of inflammatory markers and cytokines after one month of phototherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate changes in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with rheumatoid arthritis submitted to phototherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an open label study, enrolling ten patients. The phototherapy scheme within a range of 425 to 650 nm, 11.33 Joules/cm2, 30 cm above the chest was as follows: a) 45-min daily sessions from Monday to Friday for 2 to 3 months; b) three, 45- min weekly sessions for 1 to 2 months; c) twice weekly 45-min sessions for 1 to 2 months, and d) one weekly session for 1 to 2 months until completion. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor were measured in peripheral blood and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, and interleukin-10 in leukocytes by quantitative real-time Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction. In all the patients the next indexes: Karnofsky scale, Rheumatoid Arthritis-specific quality of life instrument, Steinbrocker Functional Capacity Rating and the Visual Analog Scale were evaluated. RESULTS: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor declined notoriously after the indicated sessions. In gene expression, there was a tendency in tumor necrosis factor-α to decrease after 1 month, from 24.5±11.4 to 18±9.2 relative units, without reaching a significant statistical difference. The four tested indexes showed improvement. CONCLUSION: Phototherapy appears to be a plausible complementary option to reduce the inflammatory component in rheumatoid arthritis.

Complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo en pacientes pertenecientes al área VII, Cienfuegos (2013) / Complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess in patients from Health Area VII in Cienfuegos, 2013

Introducción: las complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo constituyen un tema de preocupación para el estomatólogo, debido al riesgo que generan para el estado de salud en general, a pesar de esto existen pocos estudios específicos sobre el tema.Objetivo: describir las complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo en pacientes pertenecientes al área VII, Cienfuegos.Métodos: se realizó investigación observacional, descriptiva, transversal en el periodo comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2013. El universo fue de 374 pacientes que acudieron con absceso alveolar agudo, y la muestra 87 que derivaron en alguna complicación. La fuente para obtener información fue la observación. El registro primario de datos y recolección de la información se obtuvo mediante la historia clínica individual, luego de obtener el consentimiento informado de los pacientes. Principales variables: edad, sexo, dientes afectados con mayor frecuencia, comportamiento de las complicaciones ante tratamiento de elección y automedicación, factores sistémicos asociados y complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo. Los resultados se expresaron en total y porcentajes.Resultados: el sexo femenino estuvo afectado con las complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo (72,41 por ciento), y el grupo de edad de 35-59 años en 34,48 por ciento. El segundo premolar superior se afectó en 28,74. El 71,26 por ciento respondió de manera positiva ante tratamiento de elección. La diabetes mellitus tipo I y II como factor sistémico se mostró en 53,33 po ciento; la celulitis facial odontógena leve apareció como complicación en 64,36 por ciento.Conclusión: Las complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo fueron la celulitis facial odontógena leve y moderada; las mujeres fueron las más afectadas. El padecimiento de enfermedades sistémicas agravó más el cuadro clínico; pero el rápido tratamiento indicado por el facultativo para impedir casos, fatales(AU)

Introduction: complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess are a reason for concern among dentists, due to the risk they pose for the patients' overall health status. However, few specific studies have been published on the subject.Objective: describe the complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess in patients from Health Area VII in Cienfuegos.Methods: a cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2013. The study universe was 374 patients attending the dental service with acute alveolar abscess, and the sample was 87 who had some sort of complication. Data were obtained by observation. Primary data and information were collected from the patients' medical records after obtaining their informed consent. The main variables analyzed were age, sex, teeth most commonly affected, behavior of complications vs. treatment of choice and self-medication, associated systemic factors and complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess. Results were expressed as total and percentages.Results: 72.41 percent of the female patients and 34.48 percent of the 35-59 age group were affected by complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess. The upper second premolar was affected in 28.74 percent of the cases. 71.26 percent of the patients responded positively to the treatment of choice. Diabetes mellitus types I and II as a systemic factor was found in 53.33 percent of the cases, whereas mild odontogenic facial cellulitis appeared in 64.36 percent.Conclusion: mild and moderate odontogenic facial cellulitis were the complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess. Women were more affected than men. Systemic diseases aggravated the clinical status of patients, but the swift action of dentists prevented the occurrence of fatal cases(AU)

Complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo en pacientes pertenecientes al área VII, Cienfuegos (2013) / Complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess in patients from Health Area VII in Cienfuegos, 2013

Introducción: las complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo constituyen un tema de preocupación para el estomatólogo, debido al riesgo que generan para el estado de salud en general, a pesar de esto existen pocos estudios específicos sobre el tema. Objetivo: describir las complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo en pacientes pertenecientes al área VII, Cienfuegos. Métodos: se realizó investigación observacional, descriptiva, transversal en el periodo comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2013. El universo fue de 374 pacientes que acudieron con absceso alveolar agudo, y la muestra 87 que derivaron en alguna complicación. La fuente para obtener información fue la observación. El registro primario de datos y recolección de la información se obtuvo mediante la historia clínica individual, luego de obtener el consentimiento informado de los pacientes. Principales variables: edad, sexo, dientes afectados con mayor frecuencia, comportamiento de las complicaciones ante tratamiento de elección y automedicación, factores sistémicos asociados y complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo. Los resultados se expresaron en total y porcentajes. Resultados: el sexo femenino estuvo afectado con las complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo (72,41 por ciento), y el grupo de edad de 35-59 años en 34,48 por ciento. El segundo premolar superior se afectó en 28,74. El 71,26 por ciento respondió de manera positiva ante tratamiento de elección. La diabetes mellitus tipo I y II como factor sistémico se mostró en 53,33 por ciento; la celulitis facial odontógena leve apareció como complicación en 64,36 por ciento. Conclusión: Las complicaciones derivadas del absceso dentoalveolar agudo fueron la celulitis facial odontógena leve y moderada; las mujeres fueron las más afectadas. El padecimiento de enfermedades sistémicas agravó más el cuadro clínico; pero el rápido tratamiento indicado por el facultativo para impedir casos, fatales(AU)

Introduction: complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess are a reason for concern among dentists, due to the risk they pose for the patients' overall health status. However, few specific studies have been published on the subject. Objective: describe the complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess in patients from Health Area VII in Cienfuegos. Methods: a cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2013. The study universe was 374 patients attending the dental service with acute alveolar abscess, and the sample was 87 who had some sort of complication. Data were obtained by observation. Primary data and information were collected from the patients' medical records after obtaining their informed consent. The main variables analyzed were age, sex, teeth most commonly affected, behavior of complications vs. treatment of choice and self-medication, associated systemic factors and complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess. Results were expressed as total and percentages. Results: 72.41 percent of the female patients and 34.48 percent of the 35-59 age group were affected by complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess. The upper second premolar was affected in 28.74 percent of the cases. 71.26 percent of the patients responded positively to the treatment of choice. Diabetes mellitus types I and II as a systemic factor was found in 53.33 percent of the cases, whereas mild odontogenic facial cellulitis appeared in 64.36 percent. Conclusion: mild and moderate odontogenic facial cellulitis were the complications caused by acute dentoalveolar abscess. Women were more affected than men. Systemic diseases aggravated the clinical status of patients, but the swift action of dentists prevented the occurrence of fatal cases(AU)

Expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -9 and opioid growth factor in rabbit cornea after lamellar keratectomy and treatment with 1% nalbuphine.

PURPOSES: To evaluate the effects of nalbuphine 1% on the expression of metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and opioid growth factor (OGF) in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy. METHODS: The rabbits were assigned to two groups: group nalbuphine (GN, n=30), which received 30 µL of nalbuphine 1% in 4 daily applications at regular intervals until corneal epithelialization, and group control (GC, n=30), which received physiological saline solution under the same conditions adopted in GN. The corneas were collected for immunohistochemistry on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 after lamellar keratectomy, and the expressions of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF were analyzed. RESULTS: The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-9 increased until day 5 of the evaluation, with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). On days 7 and 9, significant reductions were observed in the expression of MMP-1 (p<0.01), with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). The expression of OGF was constant in all periods (p>0.05), restricted to the corneal epithelium, and there was no difference between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study results showed that nalbuphine 1% did not alter the expression patterns of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy.

Expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -9 and opioid growth factor in rabbit cornea after lamellar keratectomy and treatment with 1% nalbuphine / Metaloproteinases de matriz 1, 9, e fator de crescimento opióide, em córneas de coelhos depois de ceratotomia e tratamento com nalbufina a 1%

ABSTRACT Purposes: To evaluate the effects of nalbuphine 1% on the expression of metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and opioid growth factor (OGF) in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy. Methods: The rabbits were assigned to two groups: group nalbuphine (GN, n=30), which received 30 µL of nalbuphine 1% in 4 daily applications at regular intervals until corneal epithelialization, and group control (GC, n=30), which received physiological saline solution under the same conditions adopted in GN. The corneas were collected for immunohistochemistry on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 after lamellar keratectomy, and the expressions of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF were analyzed. Results: The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-9 increased until day 5 of the evaluation, with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). On days 7 and 9, significant reductions were observed in the expression of MMP-1 (p<0.01), with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). The expression of OGF was constant in all periods (p>0.05), restricted to the corneal epithelium, and there was no difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The study results showed that nalbuphine 1% did not alter the expression patterns of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy. .

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da nalbufina 1% sobre a expressão da metaloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), da metaloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) e do fator de crescimento opióide (OGF), em córneas de coelhos submetidas à ceratectomia lamelar. Métodos: Constituíram-se dois grupos: grupo nalbufina (GN, n=30), que recebeu 30 µL de nalbufina 1% em 4 aplicações diárias, a intervalos regulares, até a epitelização corneal; controle (GC, n=30), que recebeu solução salina nas mesmas condições adotadas no GN. As córneas foram colhidas para imuno-histoquímica decorridos 1, 3, 5, 7 e 9 dias das ceratectomias lamelares, visando a se avaliarem as MMP-1, MMP-9 e OGF. Resultados: A expressão das MMP-1 e de MMP-9 se elevou até o quinto dia de avaliação, sem diferença entre GN e GC (p>0,05). Nos dias 7 e 9, observou-se redução significativa na expressão das enzimas (p<0,01), sendo que diferenças não foram observadas entre os grupos (p>0,05). O OGF exibiu imunomarcação constante em todos os períodos (p>0,05), restrita ao epitélio corneal. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusões: Com base dos resultados obtidos, há como admitir que a nalbufina 1% não alterou o padrão de expressão da MMP-1, da MMP-9 e do OGF em córneas de coelhos submetidas à ceratectomia lamelar. .

Apoptose na infecção experimental de cães domésticos com Ehrlichia canis / Apoptosis in experimental infection with Ehrlichia canis in domestic dogs

A Erliquiose canina é uma zoonose causada pela Ehrlichia canis, bactéria Gram negativa de distribuição mundial. Alguns cães com erliquiose se tornam portadores assintomáticos enquanto outros desenvolvem uma doença aguda com morte rápida. A apoptose pode ser importante na eliminação de patógenos intracelulares, podendo, nas infecções por Ehrlichia sp. e Anaplasma sp., ocorrer modulação da apoptose celular para prolongar a sobrevivência desses organismos. Para avaliação do papel da apoptose na erliquiose canina, sete cães foram distribuídos em dois grupos. No Grupo inoculado, realizou-se a infecção por via intravenosa com sangue infectado com E. canis (isolado Jaboticabal), sendo realizada a inoculação com PBS estéril nos animais pertencentes ao Grupo Controle. Semanalmente e até 35 dias pós-inoculação, amostras de sangue foram coletadas e submetidas a n-PCR e reação de imunofluorescência (RIFI) para confirmação da infecção. No 36° dia pós-inoculação, os animais foram eutanasiados, sendo as amostras de baço, linfonodo, rim e fígado coletadas e processadas para as técnicas de TUNEL e imunohistoquímica (Bcl-2, Bax). Verificou-se pela n-PCR que os animais inoculados se tornaram positivos para E. canis a partir da segunda semana. Pela RIFI, verificou-se animais com sorologia positiva a partir da terceira semana pós-inoculação. No grupo controle, todos os testes realizados foram negativos para E. canis. Apesar da reação de TUNEL mostrar maior incidência de apoptose no Grupo Inoculado, sendo o baço e os linfonodos os órgãos que apresentaram maior marcação, os resultados da imunohistoquímica para Bcl-2 e Bax indicam que a via intrínseca de apoptose não é importante nos órgãos analisados.

Some dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis become asymptomatic while others develop an acute illness followed by quick death. Apoptosis may be an important mechanism for elimination of intracellular pathogens. Also, Ehrlichia sp. and Anaplasma sp. can modulate apoptosis to extend their survival. To evaluate the role of apoptosis in canine ehrlichiosis, 7 dogs were assigned into 2 groups, one with 4 animals inoculated intravenously with blood infected with Ehrlichia canis (Jaboticabal isolate) and a control with 3 dogs, inoculated with sterile PBS. Blood samples were collected weekly and 35 days post-inoculation to confirm the infection by nPCR and immunofluorescence. Thirty-six days after inoculation the animals were euthanized and samples from spleen, lymph nodes, kidney and liver were collected to carry out the TUNEL technique and immunohistochemistry (Bcl-2, Bax). Inoculated animals became positive for E. canis by nPCR already in the second week and by immunofluorescence in the third week after inoculation. The control group showed negative for E. canis in all tests. The TUNEL reaction showed a higher incidence of apoptosis in the inoculated group, with stronger labeling in the spleen and lymph nodes. The results of immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2 and Bax suggest that the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is not important in the analyzed organs.

Traf7, a MyoD1 transcriptional target, regulates nuclear factor-κB activity during myogenesis.

We have identified the E3 ligase Traf7 as a direct MyoD1 target and show that cell cycle exit-an early event in muscle differentiation-is linked to decreased Traf7 expression. Depletion of Traf7 accelerates myogenesis, in part through downregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. We used a proteomic screen to identify NEMO, the NF-κB essential modulator, as a Traf7-interacting protein. Finally, we show that ubiquitylation of NF-κB essential modulator is regulated exclusively by Traf7 activity in myoblasts. Our results suggest a new mechanism by which MyoD1 function is coupled to NF-κB activity through Traf7, regulating the balance between cell cycle progression and differentiation during myogenesis.