Synergistic effect of human uterine cervical mesenchymal stem cell secretome and paclitaxel on triple negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer and, despite its adverse effects, chemotherapy is the standard systemic treatment option for TNBC. Since, it is of utmost importance to consider the combination of different agents to achieve greater efficacy and curability potential, MSC secretome is a possible innovative alternative. METHODS: In the present study, we proposed to investigate the anti-tumor effect of the combination of a chemical agent (paclitaxel) with a complex biological product, secretome derived from human Uterine Cervical Stem cells (CM-hUCESC) in TNBC. RESULTS: The combination of paclitaxel and CM-hUCESC decreased cell proliferation and invasiveness of tumor cells and induced apoptosis in vitro (MDA-MB-231 and/or primary tumor cells). The anti-tumor effect was confirmed in a mouse tumor xenograft model showing that the combination of both products has a significant effect in reducing tumor growth. Also, pre-conditioning hUCESC with a sub-lethal dose of paclitaxel enhances the effect of its secretome and in combination with paclitaxel reduced significantly tumor growth and even allows to diminish the dose of paclitaxel in vivo. This effect is in part due to the action of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from CM-hUCESC and soluble factors, such as TIMP-1 and - 2. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our data demonstrate the synergistic effect of the combination of CM-hUCESC with paclitaxel on TNBC and opens an opportunity to reduce the dose of the chemotherapeutic agents, which may decrease chemotherapy-related toxicity.

A qualitative analysis of adolescent motherhood within the broader family context in Peru.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact of adolescent pregnancy on families and describe the needs of adolescent mothers and their infants in order to assess the need for intervention and identify potential intervention targets. Background: Adolescent mothers and their offspring face an increased risk of mental health problems. Adolescent mothers and their families also face significant resource constraints; 95% live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cost-effective interventions are needed to improve outcomes for this vulnerable group. Method: This qualitative study conducted in Lima, Peru, consisted of four clinician focus groups and 18 in-depth interviews with adolescent mothers and their family members. Data were coded thematically, and direct content analysis was employed. Results: The study identified the following issues facing adolescent parents: the transition to parenthood, the need for family support, difficulty accessing support, the difficulty for family members of providing support, and ideas about responsibility and adolescent autonomy. Conclusion: Overall, these findings demonstrate the need for interventions that engage families and address barriers to accessing support, including relationship conflict and differing beliefs about responsibility and autonomy. Implications: Interventions are needed for adolescent mothers in LMICs that mobilize family support. Clinicians who care for these patients need to be aware of the family context and the resources available where they practice.

A plasmonic MNAzyme signal amplification strategy for quantification of miRNA-4739 breast cancer biomarker.

A major challenge in the 21st century is the development of point-of-care diagnostic tools capable to detect and quantify disease biomarkers in a straightforward, affordable, sensitive, and specific manner. The remarkable plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have promoted their use for development of simple methodologies for nucleic acid detection in combination with a variety of oligonucleotides amplification techniques. Here, assemblies of AuNPs with Multicomponent Nucleic Acid enzymes (MNAzymes) has been successfully used in the design of a highly sensitive and simple bioassay for rapid spectroscopic detection and quantification of miRNA-4739 in blood samples. The miRNA selected is a doxorubicin chemoresistant biomarker in breast cancer which overexpression promotes the proliferation, progression, and survival of cancer cells. In this work, two alternatives experimental designs, based on use of MNAzymes and AuNPs, have been optimized and applied for sensitive miRNA-4739 quantification: one based on a traditional direct measurement of wavelength shift and a second non-conventional simple approach based on isolation and measurement of free nanoparticles absorbance. Improvement in sensitivity and, higher measurement accuracy and precision were achieved with the second approach. The developed bioassay provides a detection limit as low as 7 pmolL-1 for miRNA-4739 quantification and performed satisfactory selectivity and well practical applicability by analysis of the miRNA-4739 in blood, demonstrating that the proposed strategy is a promising and suitable spectroscopic method for breast cancer diagnosis thought liquid biopsy of circulating tumoral cells.

Novel bioanalytical strategy using isotope pattern deconvolution and ICP-QMS for the study of iron incorporation in erythrocytes: An insight to better assessment.

Iron is an essential element for human life and its nutritional status in the human body is directly linked to human health. More than 1015 atoms of iron per second are necessary for the maintenance of haemoglobin formation. To predict iron bioavailability three approaches are normally employed: (a) faecal recovery; (b) plasma appearance; and (c) erythrocyte incorporation (the most used). Isotope Pattern Deconvolution (IPD) is a mathematical tool that allows the isolation of distinct isotope signatures from mixtures of natural abundance and enriched tracers. In this work we propose a novel strategy to assess erythrocyte iron incorporation, based on the use of an iron stable isotope (57Fe) and the IPD concept. This strategy allows direct calculation of the exogenous concentration of 57Fe incorporated into RBCs after supplementation. In this way, to determine the mass of iron incorporated into erythrocytes, the unique prediction that must be made is the blood volume, estimate to reproduce the natural dilution of the tracer (57Fe) in the blood. This novel bioanalytical approach was applied for the measurements of iron incorporation and further iron absorption studies in humans, using a group of twelve healthy participants, that should be further evaluated for the assessment of other chemical elements that could be of health concerns and directly impact society.

Physical Demands in the Worst-Case Scenarios of Elite Futsal Referees Using a Local Positioning System.

The aim of this study is to analyze the worst-case scenarios of professional futsal referees during the first and second half of official matches in the Spanish Futsal Cup using a Local Positioning System (LPS) for monitoring their movement patterns. Eight professional futsal referees (40 ± 3.43 years; 1.80 ± 0.03 m; 72.84 ± 4.01 kg) participated in the study. The external load (total distance, high-speed running distance and efforts, sprint distance and efforts, and accelerations and decelerations distances) of the referees was monitored and collected using an LPS. The results revealed significant differences in the worst-case scenarios of the futsal referees during the match according to the time window analyzed (p < 0.05). The longest time windows (120 s, 180 s, and 300 s) showed lower relative total distances in the worst-case scenarios (p < 0.05). The high-speed running distances were significatively higher in the first half for the 120 s (+2.65 m·min-1; ES: 1.25), 180 s (+1.55 m·min-1; ES: 1.28), and 300 s (+0.95 m·min-1; ES: 1.14) time windows (p < 0.05). No differences were found between the first and second half for the high-intensity deceleration distance (p > 0.05). These results will serve to prepare the referees in the best conditions for the competition and adapt the training plans to the worst-case scenarios.

Monitoring and tracking the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Asturias, Spain.

Mutational analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can quantify the relative importance of variants over time, enable dominant mutations to be identified, and facilitate near real-time detection, comparison and tracking of evolving variants. SARS-CoV-2 in Asturias, an autonomous community of Spain with a large ageing population, and high levels of migration and tourism, was monitored and tracked from the beginning of the pandemic in February 2020 until its decline and stabilization in August 2021, and samples were characterized using whole genomic sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Data held in the GISAID database were analysed to establish patterns in the appearance and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 strains. Only 138 non-synonymous mutations occurring in more than 1 % of the population with SARS-CoV-2 were found, identifying ten major variants worldwide (seven arose before January 2021), 19 regional and one local. In Asturias only 17 different variants were found. After vaccination, no further regional major variants were found. Only half of the defined variants circulated and no new variants were generated, indicating that infection control measures such as rapid diagnosis, isolation and vaccination were efficient.

Uncovering the Relationship between Selenium Status, Age, Health, and Dietary Habits: Insights from a Large Population Study including Nonagenarian Offspring from the MARK-AGE Project.

An inadequate selenium (Se) status can accelerate the aging process, increasing the vulnerability to age-related diseases. The study aimed to investigate plasma Se and Se species in a large population, including 2200 older adults from the general population (RASIG), 514 nonagenarian offspring (GO), and 293 GO Spouses (SGO). Plasma Se levels in women exhibit an inverted U-shaped pattern, increasing with age until the post-menopausal period and then declining. Conversely, men exhibit a linear decline in plasma Se levels with age. Subjects from Finland had the highest plasma Se values, while those from Poland had the lowest ones. Plasma Se was influenced by fish and vitamin consumption, but there were no significant differences between RASIG, GO, and SGO. Plasma Se was positively associated with albumin, HDL, total cholesterol, fibrinogen, and triglycerides and negatively associated with homocysteine. Fractionation analysis showed that Se distribution among plasma selenoproteins is affected by age, glucometabolic and inflammatory factors, and being GO or SGO. These findings show that sex-specific, nutritional, and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in the regulation of Se plasma levels throughout the aging process and that the shared environment of GO and SGO plays a role in their distinctive Se fractionation.

Implication of myddosome complex genetic variants in outcome severity of COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE(S): During a viral infection, the immune response is mediated by the toll-like receptors and myeloid differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88) that play an important role sensing infections such as SARS-CoV-2 which has claimed the lives of more than 6.8 million people around the world. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional with a population of 618 SARS-CoV-2-positive unvaccinated subjects and further classified based on severity: 22% were mild, 34% were severe, 26% were critical, and 18% were deceased. Toll Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3853839, rs179008, rs179009, and rs2302267) and MyD88 (rs7744) were genotyped using TaqMan OpenArray. The association of polymorphisms with disease outcomes was performed by logistic regression analysis adjusted by covariates. RESULTS: A significant association of rs3853839 and rs7744 of the TLR7 and MyD88 genes, respectively, was found with COVID-19 severity. The G/G genotype of the rs3853839 TLR7 was associated with the critical outcome showing an Odd Ratio = 1.98 (95% IC = 1.04-3.77). The results highlighted an association of the G allele of MyD88 gene with severe, critical and deceased outcomes. Furthermore, in the dominant model (AG + GG vs. AA), we observed an Odd Ratio = 1.70 (95% CI = 1.02-2.86) with severe, Odd Ratio = 1.82 (95% CI = 1.04-3.21) with critical, and Odd Ratio = 2.44 (95% CI = 1.21-4.9) with deceased outcomes. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge this work represents an innovative report that highlights the significant association of TLR7 and MyD88 gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 outcomes and the possible implication of the MyD88 variant with D-dimer and IFN-α concentrations.

Motivation toward Physical Activity and Healthy Habits of Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Adolescence is a transformative period in which rapid physical, cognitive and psychosocial growth takes place. Laying the foundation for healthy behaviors is paramount during these formative years. The aim of this review is to determine which countries are leading in research on adolescents' motivation towards physical activity and healthy habits and their main findings. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement using the Web of Science and Scopus databases during the months of September to December 2022. The search terms used were: "Physical activity", "Motivation" and "Adolescents", in the following research areas: Education, Educational Research and Sport Sciences. A total of 5594 articles were identified, but only those that met the established criteria were included (32 articles). It is concluded that most of the research is led in Spain with 16 articles, followed by 3 in Chile, 2 in Portugal, 2 in Norway and the rest of the countries with 1. Likewise, most of the works include very similar aspects regarding the incidence of motivation towards the adherence to the practice of Physical Activity and healthy habits.

Combined loss of CDH1 and downstream regulatory sequences drive early-onset diffuse gastric cancer and increase penetrance of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Germline CDH1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Once a genetic cause is identified, stomachs' and breasts' surveillance and/or prophylactic surgery is offered to asymptomatic CDH1 carriers, which is life-saving. Herein, we characterized an inherited mechanism responsible for extremely early-onset gastric cancer and atypical HDGC high penetrance. METHODS: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) re-analysis was performed in an unsolved HDGC family. Accessible chromatin and CDH1 promoter interactors were evaluated in normal stomach by ATAC-seq and 4C-seq, and functional analysis was performed using CRISPR-Cas9, RNA-seq and pathway analysis. RESULTS: We identified a germline heterozygous 23 Kb CDH1-TANGO6 deletion in a family with eight diffuse gastric cancers, six before age 30. Atypical HDGC high penetrance and young cancer-onset argued towards a role for the deleted region downstream of CDH1, which we proved to present accessible chromatin, and CDH1 promoter interactors in normal stomach. CRISPR-Cas9 edited cells mimicking the CDH1-TANGO6 deletion display the strongest CDH1 mRNA downregulation, more impacted adhesion-associated, type-I interferon immune-associated and oncogenic signalling pathways, compared to wild-type or CDH1-deleted cells. This finding solved an 18-year family odyssey and engaged carrier family members in a cancer prevention pathway of care. CONCLUSION: In this work, we demonstrated that regulatory elements lying down-stream of CDH1 are part of a chromatin network that control CDH1 expression and influence cell transcriptome and associated signalling pathways, likely explaining high disease penetrance and very young cancer-onset. This study highlights the importance of incorporating scientific-technological updates and clinical guidelines in routine diagnosis, given their impact in timely genetic diagnosis and disease prevention.

AF4-UV/VIS-MALS-ICPMS/MS for the characterization of the different nanoparticulated species present in oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticle conjugates.

In-depth characterization of functionalized nanomaterials is still a remaining challenge in nanobioanalytical chemistry. In this work, we propose the online coupling of Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) with UV/Vis, Multiangle Light Scattering (MALS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) detectors to carry out, in less than 10 min and directly in the functionalization reaction mixture, the complete characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with oligonucleotides and surface-modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). AF4 separation provided full separation of the bioconjugates from the original AuNPs while P/Au and S/Au ICP-MS/MS ratios in the bioconjugate fractographic peaks could be used to compute the corresponding stoichiometries, oligonucleotide/AuNP and PEG/AuNPs. MALS detection clearly showed the coexistence of two distinct nanoparticulated populations in the bioconjugation mixture, which were demonstrated to be different not only in size but in functionality as well. The major bioconjugate population showed lower hydrodynamic ratios (18 nm) with higher and steadier oligonucleotides/AuNPs (92) and PEG/AuNPs (2350) stoichiometries, in comparison to the minor abundant population (54 nm, 51 and 1877, respectively). Moreover, the ratio between the absorbance signals measured at 520 nm and 650 nm reflects a lower AuNP aggregation in the major (10.5) than in the minor (4.5) population. Results obtained prove the benefits of a detailed characterization to find out if subsequent purification of functionalized AuNP-oligonucleotides is required to design more efficiently their final bioanalytical application.

Molecular autopsy: Twenty years of post-mortem diagnosis in sudden cardiac death.

In the forensic medicine field, molecular autopsy is the post-mortem genetic analysis performed to attempt to unravel the cause of decease in cases remaining unexplained after a comprehensive forensic autopsy. This negative autopsy, classified as negative or non-conclusive, usually occurs in young population. In these cases, in which the cause of death is unascertained after a thorough autopsy, an underlying inherited arrhythmogenic syndrome is the main suspected cause of death. Next-generation sequencing allows a rapid and cost-effectives genetic analysis, identifying a rare variant classified as potentially pathogenic in up to 25% of sudden death cases in young population. The first symptom of an inherited arrhythmogenic disease may be a malignant arrhythmia, and even sudden death. Early identification of a pathogenic genetic alteration associated with an inherited arrhythmogenic syndrome may help to adopt preventive personalized measures to reduce risk of malignant arrhythmias and sudden death in the victim's relatives, at risk despite being asymptomatic. The current main challenge is a proper genetic interpretation of variants identified and useful clinical translation. The implications of this personalized translational medicine are multifaceted, requiring the dedication of a specialized team, including forensic scientists, pathologists, cardiologists, pediatric cardiologists, and geneticists.

Manifestations of Intergenerational Trauma During the Perinatal Period Among Adolescent Mothers in Lima, Peru: A Qualitative Analysis.

Adverse childhood experiences have a lasting impact on health across the life course. The perinatal period offers a unique opportunity to rework problematic dynamics in families experiencing intergenerational trauma. This study explores the family dynamics that are activated during the perinatal period and considers the potential for intervention with adolescent parents and their families in Lima, Peru. This narrative analysis was part of a broader study that included focus groups and in-depth interviews. Of the ten adolescent mothers interviewed, four narratives were selected for presentation in this manuscript. These particular narratives were selected to illustrate the diversity of the experiences among this group and for the exceptional level of detail provided about their life experiences and family relationships. Narrative excerpts were analyzed in the context of the entire interview and the aggregate content of other interviews in order to explore both explicit and implicit meanings. This study identified critical relational shifts among adolescent parents and their families during the perinatal period. In one instance, adolescent parenthood created an opportunity for the family to come together. In the other cases, conflict escalated, relations grew distant, or both. These narrative data demonstrate that intergenerational trauma can interfere with family relationships in the context of adolescent pregnancy and prevent adolescent parents from accessing needed support from their families. Intervention with families could address the impact of trauma and improve communication and collaboration.

Epidemiology of Nonsyndromic, Orofacial Clefts in Texas: Differences by Cleft Type and Presence of Additional Defects.

To describe the current epidemiology of nonsyndromic cleft palate alone (CP) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) in Texas and examine differences in the characteristics of infants with CP and CL ± P based on the presence/absence of additional defects.We used data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, a statewide active birth defect surveillance system, from 1815 cases with CP and 5066 with CL ± P, without a syndrome diagnosis (1999-2014 deliveries). All live births in Texas were used for comparison. Poisson regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for each characteristic, separately for each cleft subphenotype.The prevalence of CL ± P and CP in our study was estimated as 8.3 and 3.0 per 10 000 live births, respectively. After adjusting for several characteristics, several factors were associated with CL ± P, CP, or both, including infant sex and maternal race/ethnicity, age, smoking, and diabetes. There were several differences between infants with isolated versus nonisolated clefts. For example, maternal prepregnancy diabetes was associated with an increased prevalence of CL ± P (aPR 7.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.53, 11.30) and CP (aPR 3.24, 95% CI: 1.43, 7.36), but only when additional defects were present.Findings from this study provide a contemporary description of the distribution of orofacial clefts in Texas accounting for differences between isolated and nonisolated clefts. They may contribute to increasing our understanding of the etiology of CP and CL ± P.

Physical demands on professional Spanish football referees during matches.

BACKGROUND: Refereeing is a demanding and intermittent activity that combines high-speed and low-intensity action. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyse the external and internal load of professional Spanish football referees during matches, and to compare the physical demands between halves and between referees in different categories. METHODS: The physical demands on 40 professional football referees from the first and second divisions were recorded using global positioning system (GPS) technology and heart rate bands. External load (distance covered, speed, acceleration and deceleration) and internal load (perceived exertion [RPE] and heart rate [HR]) were analysed. RESULTS: The referees in the first division reported lower mean HR and RPE results than those in the second division (p < 0.05). The total distance covered was similar between the categories (p > 0.05), but the distance covered at different speed ranges was different (p < 0.05). Finally, greater reductions in performance between the first and the second halves were found in the second division referees (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show differences according to the category of referee. This emphasises the need for specific training for professional referees according to their level to ensure optimal performance during matches.

Physical demands in Spanish male and female elite football referees during the competition: a prospective observational study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the physical demands of elite male and female field referees in match play and compare the physical demands between male and female football referees in the competition. METHODS: Match data were collected from 36 elite football referees (19 males and 17 females) during a total of 409 football matches. Electronic performance and tracking systems based on global positioning systems (GPS) were used in this research. RESULTS: Male referees experienced significantly greater physical demands (p < 0.05) in men league than female referees in women league for total distance, explosive distance, high-intensity breaking distance, total of sprints, sprinting distance, high-speed running distance, high-speed running actions, maximal speed, total of accelerations and decelerations, maximal acceleration and deceleration, acceleration/deceleration. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, strength and conditioning coaches should consider these gender differences in match demands to maximize the fitness-fatigue response of the referees since this may lead to a better performance during the decision-making process in the competition.

The Fetal Growth Restriction at Term Managed by Angiogenic Factors Versus Feto-Maternal Doppler (GRAFD) Trial to Avoid Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: Protocol for a Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Fetal smallness affects 10% of pregnancies. Small fetuses are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Their management using estimated fetal weight and feto-maternal Doppler has a high sensitivity for adverse outcomes; however, more than 60% of fetuses are electively delivered at 37 to 38 weeks. On the other hand, classification using angiogenic factors seems to have a lower false-positive rate. Here, we present a protocol for the Fetal Growth Restriction at Term Managed by Angiogenic Factors Versus Feto-Maternal Doppler (GRAFD) trial, which compares the use of angiogenic factors and Doppler to manage small fetuses at term. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective is to demonstrate that classification based on angiogenic factors is not inferior to estimated fetal weight and Doppler at detecting fetuses at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS: This is a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted in 20 hospitals across Spain. A total of 1030 singleton pregnancies with an estimated fetal weight ≤10th percentile at 36+0 to 37+6 weeks+days will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the control or the intervention group. In the control group, standard Doppler-based management will be used. In the intervention group, cases with a soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor ratio ≥38 will be classified as having fetal growth restriction; otherwise, they will be classified as being small for gestational age. In both arms, the fetal growth restriction group will be delivered at ≥37 weeks and the small for gestational age group at ≥40 weeks. We will assess differences between the groups by calculating the relative risk, the absolute difference between incidences, and their 95% CIs. RESULTS: Recruitment for this study started on September 28, 2020. The study results are expected to be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at international conferences in early 2023. CONCLUSIONS: The angiogenic factor-based protocol may reduce the number of pregnancies classified as having fetal growth restriction without worsening perinatal outcomes. Moreover, reducing the number of unnecessary labor inductions would reduce costs and the risks derived from possible iatrogenic complications. Additionally, fewer inductions would lower the rate of early-term neonates, thus improving neonatal outcomes and potentially reducing long-term infant morbidities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04502823; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04502823. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/37452.

Statistical Evaluation of Metaproteomics and 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing Techniques for Study of Gut Microbiota Establishment in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis.

Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) can identify affected but asymptomatic infants. The selection of omic technique for gut microbiota study is crucial due to both the small amount of feces available and the low microorganism load. Our aims were to compare the agreement between 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metaproteomics by a robust statistical analysis, including both presence and abundance of taxa, to describe the sequential establishment of the gut microbiota during the first year of life in a small size sample (8 infants and 28 fecal samples). The taxonomic assignations by the two techniques were similar, whereas certain discrepancies were observed in the abundance detection, mostly the lower predicted relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and the higher predicted relative abundance of certain Firmicutes and Proteobacteria by amplicon sequencing. During the first months of life, the CF gut microbiota is characterized by a significant enrichment of Ruminococcus gnavus, the expression of certain virulent bacterial traits, and the detection of human inflammation-related proteins. Metaproteomics provides information on composition and functionality, as well as data on host-microbiome interactions. Its strength is the identification and quantification of Actinobacteria and certain classes of Firmicutes, but alpha diversity indices are not comparable to those of amplicon sequencing. Both techniques detected an aberrant microbiota in our small cohort of infants with CF during their first year of life, dominated by the enrichment of R. gnavus within a human inflammatory environment. IMPORTANCE In recent years, some techniques have been incorporated for the study of microbial ecosystems, being 16S rRNA gene sequencing being the most widely used. Metaproteomics provides the advantage of identifying the interaction between microorganisms and human cells, but the available databases are less extensive as well as imprecise. Few studies compare the statistical differences between the two techniques to define the composition of an ecosystem. Our work shows that the two methods are comparable in terms of microorganism identification but provide different results in alpha diversity analysis. On the other hand, we have studied newborns with cystic fibrosis, for whom we have described the establishment of an intestinal ecosystem marked by the inflammatory response of the host and the enrichment of Ruminococcus gnavus.