RESUMO
CONTEXT: The Global Atlas of Palliative Care (GAPC) ranked Mexico's palliative care services at a preliminary integration stage into mainstream healthcare services. However, this data does not reflect pediatric palliative care (PPC) development. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the current need and level of development of PPC within Mexico. METHODS: PPC need was estimated using causes of death associated with serious health-related suffering from national mortality data from the General Directorate of Health Information. The level of development was measured through six indicators involving access to PPC services and opioids, then classified using the GAPC development categories adapted to regional territories based on available data. RESULTS: In 2021, 37,444 children died in Mexico. Of those, 10,677 (28.29%) died from conditions with serious health-related suffering, averaging a need for PPC of 25/100,000 children. Out of Mexico's 32 states, two (6.2%) had no PPC activity (category 1), twenty (62.6%) were in a capacity-building phase (category 2), eight (25%) had isolated PPC provision (category 3a), while two (6.2%) had generalized PPC provision (category 3b). No state had early (category 4a) or advanced PPC integration (category 4b). Overall, Mexico was classified as category 2. CONCLUSIONS: PPC services are distributed unevenly across the country, leading to inequitable access to care and an inability to meet the needs of patients and families. There is a disparity between the level of development of adult palliative care services and the underdevelopment of PPC in Mexico. This information can help stakeholders guide the development of PPC where it is needed most.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The number of people suffering from chronic diseases requiring palliative care (PC) is increasing rapidly. Therefore, PC teaching in undergraduate health science programs is necessary to improve primary PC based on international recommendations and available scientific evidence. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Active undergraduate medical and nursing programs that were approved by the Colombian Ministry of Education and integrated PC teaching into their curricula were included in the study. The total sample consisted of 48 programs: 31 nursing and 17 medical programs. RESULTS: PC competencies are distributed throughout the curriculum in 41.67% of programs, in elective courses in 31.25%, and in mandatory courses in 27.08% of the programs. The average PC teaching hours is 81 for nursing and 57.6 for medicine. PC clinical rotations are not offered in 75% of the programs. For undergraduate nursing programs, the most frequent competencies taught are the definition and history of PC and identifying common symptoms associated with advanced disease. In undergraduate medicine, the most common competencies are pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management and identification of PC needs. CONCLUSIONS: PC teaching in undergraduate health science programs mainly addresses the conceptual and theoretical aspects of PC, which are part of the competencies present throughout the programs' curricula. Low availability of PC clinical rotations was identified. Future studies should assess whether the low availability of clinical rotations in PC limits the ability of students to develop the practical competencies necessary to provide quality PC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
Assuntos
Currículo , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Cuidados Paliativos , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia , Humanos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/normas , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Cuidados Paliativos/normas , Currículo/tendências , Currículo/normas , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/normasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Due to the increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and the Colombian demographic transition, the necessity of palliative care has arisen. This study used accessibility and coverage indicators to measure the geographic barriers to palliative care. METHODS: Population-based observational study focused on urban areas and adult population from Colombia, which uses three measurements of geographic accessibility to services: a) density of palliative care services per 100,000 inhabitants, b) analysis of geographic distribution by territorial nodes of the country, and c) spatial analysis of palliative care services using Voronoi diagrams. ArcGIS Pro software was used to map services' locations and identify geographic disparities. RESULTS: A total of 504 palliative care services were identified, of which 77% were primary health care services. The density of palliative care services in Colombia is 1.8 primary care services per 100,000 inhabitants and 0.4 specialized services per 100,000 inhabitants. The average palliative care coverage is 41%, two regions of the country have a coverage below 30%. Twenty-eight percent of the services provide care for a population greater than 50,000 inhabitants within their coverage area, exceeding the acceptable limit by international standards. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care services are concentrated in three main regions (Bogotá D.C., the Center, and the Caribbean) and are limited in the Orinoquia and Amazonia nodes. Density of specialized palliative care services is extremely low and there are regions without palliative services for adults with palliative needs.
Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Cuidados Paliativos , Colômbia , Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise EspacialRESUMO
Background: To achieve universal care and overcome existing barriers, the most effective strategy is to devise an action plan that incorporates palliative care into primary health care (PHC), as recommended by the World Health Organization's (WHO) Astana Declaration. In Colombia, a country with an upper-middle-income status, about 128,000 individuals experience severe health-related suffering (SHS) that necessitates palliative care. Although the country's healthcare system has made steady strides in the integration and development of palliative care, there is still no national plan in place for palliative care. Objective: Build up Colombia's palliative care plan through stakeholder consensus. Method: Based on the participatory action research method and the multi-stakeholder platforms model, this study convened 142 stakeholders from different levels of the health system (patient representatives, journalists, health professionals, government entities, insurance companies, universities, and drug regulatory authorities). Results: The national plan aims to achieve its objectives through a series of strategic actions. These include integrating and diversifying palliative care services, improving access to opioids, increasing palliative care education, promoting community-based palliative care programs, securing funding, and implementing a regulatory framework for palliative care by public policymakers. Conclusions: The national palliative care is an alliance that aims to reduce palliative care inequity in Colombia by 2026 by empowering stakeholders nationwide to collaborate around specific goals and objectives.
RESUMO
Introducción: El desarrollo de cuidados paliativos exige la intervención de múltiples dimensiones de salud pública, incluyendo la disponibilidad de servicios de salud, medicamentos esenciales y programas educativos. En Colombia se han realizado diversos cambios en las políticas públicas para promover la atención de personas con necesidades paliativas. Objetivo: Evaluar empíricamente las políticas públicas, existentes en cuidados paliativos y sus implicaciones sobre disponibilidad de servicios, opioides y programas educativos en los años 2010 2019 en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio mixto exploratorio secuencial en tres fases: identificación de indicadores empíricos de políticas nacionales, diagnostico situacional de cuidados paliativos y evaluación cualitativa de los resultados de la implementación de políticas en siete nodos territoriales de Colombia. Resultados: Se revisaron siete normas obteniendo 12 indicadores empíricos para la evaluación, seis de ellos no contaban con fuentes de información. El diagnostico nacional evidencia un aumento gradual de servicios y consumo de opioides en los años hito del desarrollo de políticas. 44 profesionales de cuidados paliativos perciben un efecto positivo de las políticas públicas en el consumo de opioides y bajos resultados para el dominio de servicios y educación Conclusiones: Existe una relación positiva entre políticas públicas y consumo de opioides, una relación cuantitativa positiva para servicios de cuidados paliativos y una relación cuanticualitativa negativa para programas educativos, lo que denota un bajo estatus operativo de las políticas construidas para mejorar el dolor y sufrimiento asociado a la enfermedad crónica avanzada.
Introduction: Palliative care development requires the intervention of multiple dimensions of public health, including the availability of health services, essential medicines, and educational programs. In Colombia, several changes have been made in public policy to promote the care of people with palliative needs. Objective: To empirically evaluate existing public policies on palliative care and their implications for the availability of services, opioids, and educational programs during the years 2010 to 2019 in Colombia. Materials and methods: A mixed sequential exploratory study was designed in three phases: identification of empirical indicators of national policies, palliative care situational diagnosis, and qualitative assessment of the results of policy implementation in seven regional nodes in Colombia. Results: Seven standards were reviewed, yielding 12 empirical indicators for assessment, six of which had no sources of information. The national diagnosis shows a gradual increase in services and opioid use during the landmark years of policy development. Forty-four palliative care professionals perceive a positive effect of public policy on opioid use and low outcomes for service and education domains. Conclusions: There is a positive relationship between public policy and opioid use, a positive quantitative relationship with palliative care services, and a negative quantitative-qualitative relationship with educational programs. This indicates a low operational status of policies designed to alleviate the pain and suffering associated with advanced chronic diseases.
Introdução: O desenvolvimento dos cuidados paliativos requer a intervenção de múltiplas dimensões da saúde pública, incluindo a disponibilidade de serviços de saúde, medicamentos essenciais e programas educativos. Na Colômbia, várias mudanças foram feitas nas políticas públicas para promover o cuidado de pessoas com necessidades paliativas. Objetivo: Avaliar empiricamente as políticas públicas existentes em cuidados paliativos e suas implicações na disponibilidade de serviços, opioides e programas educacionais nos anos 2010 - 2019 na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Desenhou-se um estudo misto exploratório sequencial em três fases: identificação de indicadores empíricos de políticas nacionais, diagnóstico situacional de cuidados paliativos e avaliação qualitativa dos resultados da implementação de políticas em sete nodos territoriais da Colômbia. Resultados: Sete normas foram revisadas, obtendo-se 12 indicadores empíricos para avaliação, seis delas não possuíam fontes de informação. O diagnóstico nacional mostra um aumento gradual nos serviços e consumo de opioides nos anos marcantes do desenvolvimento de políticas. 44 profissionais de cuidados paliativos percebem efeito positivo das políticas públicas sobre o consumo de opioides e resultados baixos para o domínio serviços e educação Conclusões: Existe relação positiva entre políticas públicas e consumo de opioides, relação quantitativa positiva para serviços de cuidados paliativos e negativa relação quantitativo-qualitativa para programas educativos, o que denota um baixo status operacional das políticas destinadas a melhorar a dor e o sofrimento associados à doença crônica avançada.
Assuntos
Cuidados Paliativos , Educação , Assistência Ambulatorial , Política de Saúde , Analgésicos OpioidesRESUMO
Background: Infections are common in patients with advanced illnesses for whom the intravenous or oral route is not possible. The subcutaneous administration of antibiotics is a promising alternative, but there is not enough theoretical support for its use. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous antibiotic therapy in the context of palliative care in elderly patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Embase, without time or language limits. Seven articles were selected on the effectiveness of subcutaneous antibiotic therapy in adult patients with chronic progressive diseases. The quality of the articles was assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and relevant data was extracted using a selection capture file. Results: Seven quasi-experimental studies evaluated 865 elderly patients with advanced diseases, comorbidities, and infections (ie, urinary tract, respiratory system, and bone joint) who received subcutaneous antibiotic therapy (ie, Ceftriaxone, Ertapenem, and Teicoplanin). The pooled success rate of subcutaneous antibiotics for the 7 studies was 71%, the therapy failure rate was 22%, its withdrawal mean was 8%, and the mean mortality rate was 7%. The studies were of low quality and were heterogeneous in the types of infections, types of antibiotics, time of follow-up, and outcomes assessed. Conclusions: Pilot studies have found a limited number of antibiotics that can be safely used to treat specific infections. Nevertheless, the data isn´t robust enough to recommend their use.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Ceftriaxona , Adulto , Humanos , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , ErtapenemRESUMO
Context: Telemedicine offers the opportunity to provide remote palliative care for patients to control symptoms and improve quality of life, even for patients with advanced diseases. Objectives: Establish a telemedicine model of rural palliative care for advanced cancer patients with difficulties in accessing standard care. Methods: This review comports with the minimum standards described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and uses the palliative care literature review iterative method (PALETTE) proposed by Zwakman et al in 2018. Results: Three hundred, ninety-two articles were identified in PubMed and EMBASE databases and alternative search engines such as Google Scholar and OpenGrey. A telemedicine delivery model was developed for patients with limited access to standard care, which consists of identifying the candidate population, establishing the most convenient telemedicine modality, agreeing with patients and caregivers on palliative care needs, and evaluating the interventions effectiveness. Conclusion: Telemedicine is a revolutionary tool to provide palliative care to advanced cancer patients whose clinical condition or location prevent them from accessing conventional care.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Telemedicina , Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Cuidadores , Telemedicina/métodos , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMO
This study aimed to identify barriers to access to palliative care through a social mapping approach. In Colombia, the barriers to access to palliative care denote an enormous geographic disparity of resources and health needs, making it necessary to conduct community-based participatory research using an approach such as social mapping. A qualitative research design was used. Stakeholders from health insurance companies, regulatory authorities, regional health secretariats, health care professionals, patient and caregiver organizations, scientific societies, and medical journalists from 7 Colombian regions participated. It involved 3 stages. Stage 1: Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were conducted with 36 stakeholders and were subsequently transcribed and analyzed. Stage 2: An electronic survey was conducted to obtain feedback on the first outline of the map and the categories that emerged from stage 1. Stage 3: The nominal group technique was used to analyze and validate the barriers to access to palliative care included in the final map. The COREQ checklist was used. Twenty-seven barriers to access to palliative care related to limited availability of medications, stakeholders' poor knowledge of regulations, limited formal education in palliative care, few patients' support networks, patient care fragmentation, few specialized programs of palliative care, and mistaken beliefs about palliative care were identified. Stakeholders' diverse perspectives and opinions were crucial to understanding the development of palliative care in Colombia and its challenges. Better knowledge about palliative care can open opportunities to overcome the barriers identified in this study, directly impacting access to palliative care.
Assuntos
Cuidados Paliativos , Participação dos Interessados , Humanos , Colômbia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , CuidadoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Monitoring the development of palliative care (PC) illustrates the capacity of health systems to respond to the needs of people experiencing serious health-related suffering. AIM: To analyse comparatively the situation of PC in the countries of the Easter Mediterranean region using context-specific indicators. METHOD: An online questionnaire with 15 context-specific PC indicators investigating service provision, use of medicines, policy, education, and vitality was designed. Authors Institution 1 nominated in-country experts to complete the survey. Data were analysed using a comparative description of indicators per domain and a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In-country experts were identified in 17/22 countries. 12/17 contributed to the survey. In total, 117 specialized PC services were identified. Specialized services per population ranges from 0.09 per 100,000 inhabitants in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Kuwait; to zero services in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. On average, opioid consumption was 2.40 mg/capita/year. National PC strategies were reported in nine countries. In six countries, PC is officially accredited either as a specialty or sub-specialty, and PC mandatory courses are implemented in 36% of medical schools and 46% of nursing schools. National PC associations were documented in six countries. A higher pattern of development was identified in Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Lebanon, Qatar. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher development in the Arabian Peninsula, the region is characterised by a very low provision of specialized PC services and opioid consumption. Policy improvements represent an opportunity to improve access to PC.
Assuntos
Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida , Cuidados Paliativos , Analgésicos Opioides , Coleta de Dados , Humanos , KuweitRESUMO
CONTEXT: The World Health Organization has proposed a new model for the development of palliative care. Whether the current national palliative care plans of Member States are aligned or need to be reformed to meet the new model is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a documentary analysis of national palliative care plans based on an analytic framework structured with the elements recommended by the World Health Organization: (a) building a plan, (b) plan components, and (c) plan implementation. We conducted a categorical analysis of national plans by subgroups according to income and development level of palliative care. FINDINGS: We identified 112 countries with a palliative care plan, of which 31 were included in the analysis. Of these 31 plans, only 8 had the six components proposed by the World Health Organization, 29 reported an implementation strategy, 23 were aligned with the country's national public health plan, and 15 allocated financial resources for plan implementation. All the national plans assessed included the component provision of palliative care in integrated health services; 93%, education and training; 83%, research; 80%, empowered people and communities; 54%, health policies related to palliative care, and 48% use of essential medicines. CONCLUSIONS: National palliative care plans include the two new development components, but few are fully aligned with the 2021 World Health Organization's model.
Assuntos
Política de Saúde , Cuidados Paliativos , Saúde Global , Humanos , Saúde Pública , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
Background: The increasing number of people experiencing serious health-related suffering due to severe illness is an urgent issue in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Although palliative care can mitigate much of this suffering, its current development and indicators to measure progress remain unknown. Aims: To describe the development of the Atlas of palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2021. Methods: Recently, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, together with a network of palliative care experts, identified the best indicators and collected data across the Region. These indicators include national palliative care strategies, number of specialized palliative care services per population, inclusion of palliative care in the health benefits package and national health budget, and the use of pain medication. These and other useful information form the Atlas of palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2021. Results: The Atlas shows that provision of specialized palliative care services and pain medication in the Region is low. Several of the indicators suitable to the region are new and include the level of public awareness of palliative care, inclusion of palliative care in health insurance plans, availability of centres of excellence for palliative clinical care, and availability of grants to finance palliative care research. Conclusion: Adoption of favourable policies, educational initiatives, and the involvement of stakeholders, represent an opportunity for future development of palliative care in the EMR.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Cuidados Paliativos , Humanos , Região do Mediterrâneo , Dor , Participação dos InteressadosRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Access to essential medicines, including opioids, is a component of the right to health. Objective: To identify barriers to opioid availability and accessibility for pain and palliative care. Methods: Online survey with Colombian prescribers. Availability barriers were analyzed for each facility (distribution and/or dispensing). Accessibility barriers were analyzed by type. Descriptive analyses were conducted using relative frequencies. Significance within categories and regions was measured using Fisher's exact test. Results: Out of 1,208 prescribers invited, 806 (66.7%) completed the survey. Availability: 76.43% reported barriers. The most cited barrier was "Pharmacies authorized by health insurance companies", where opioids are frequently unavailable. Accessibility: 74.6% reported barriers. Most frequently cited was "Difficulty securing payment authorization for medication from health insurance companies". Significant differences were observed in terms of regions and "Cost" (p=0.02). Lack of coordination among procuring and distributing agencies affects availability. Limited awareness and bureaucratic procedures affect accessibility. Conclusions: There are barriers to opioid availability and access in Colombia, related to the existing structure for guaranteeing equitable supply. From the perspective of healthcare providers, problems related to pharmacy availability, prescription and cost of medicines hinder pain treatment.
Resumen Introducción: El acceso a medicamentos esenciales, incluidos los opioides, es un componente del derecho a la salud. Objetivo: Identificar las barreras de disponibilidad y acceso a los opioides para dolor y cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Encuesta virtual a prescriptores colombianos. Las barreras de disponibilidad se analizaron para cada centro (distribución y/o dispensación) y las barreras de acceso se analizaron por tipo. Los análisis descriptivos se realizaron utilizando frecuencias relativas. La significancia dentro de categorías y regiones se midió utilizando la prueba exacta de Fischer. Resultados: De los 1208 prescriptores invitados, 806 (66.7%) respondieron la encuesta. Disponibilidad: el 76,43% reportó barreras. La barrera más citada fue la relacionada con las "farmacias autorizadas por las aseguradoras de salud", donde los opioides con frecuencia no están disponibles. Acceso: el 74,6% reportó barreras. Se citó con mayor frecuencia la "Dificultad para obtener la autorización de pago de medicamentos por parte de las aseguradoras". Se observaron diferencias significativas entre regiones y "costos" (p=0,02). La falta de coordinación entre las entidades de adquisición y distribución afecta la disponibilidad. La limitada conciencia y los procedimientos burocráticos afectan la accesibilidad. Conclusiones: Existen barreras de disponibilidad y acceso a los opioides en Colombia, las cuales están relacionadas con la estructura disponible para garantizar un suministro equitativo. Desde el punto de vista de los prescriptores, los problemas relacionados con la disponibilidad de las farmacias, la prescripción y el costo de los medicamentos, obstaculizan el tratamiento adecuado del dolor.
Assuntos
Pâncreas DivisumRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This paper assesses the availability and quality of death certificate data in Latin America and the feasibility of using these data to study place of death and associated factors. METHODS: In this comparative study, we collected examples of current official death certificates and digital data files containing information about all deaths that occurred during 1 year in 19 Latin American countries. Data were collected from June 2019 to May 2020. The records for place of death and associated variables were studied. The criteria for data quality were completeness, number of ill-defined causes of death and timeliness. RESULTS: All 19 countries provided copies of current official death certificates and 18 of these registered the place of death. Distinguishing among hospital or other health care institution, home and other was possible for all countries. Digital data files with death certificate data were available from 12 countries and 1 region. Three countries had data considered to be of high quality and seven had data considered to be of medium quality. Categories for place of death and most of the predetermined factors possibly associated with place of death were included in the data files. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of data sets was rated medium to high in 10 countries. Hence, death certificate data make it feasible to conduct an international comparative study on place of death and the associated factors in Latin America.
RESUMO
[ABSTRACT]. Objective. This paper assesses the availability and quality of death certificate data in Latin America and the feasibility of using these data to study place of death and associated factors. Methods. In this comparative study, we collected examples of current official death certificates and digital data files containing information about all deaths that occurred during 1 year in 19 Latin American countries. Data were collected from June 2019 to May 2020. The records for place of death and associated variables were studied. The criteria for data quality were completeness, number of ill-defined causes of death and timeliness. Results. All 19 countries provided copies of current official death certificates and 18 of these registered the place of death. Distinguishing among hospital or other health care institution, home and other was possible for all countries. Digital data files with death certificate data were available from 12 countries and 1 region. Three countries had data considered to be of high quality and seven had data considered to be of medium quality. Categories for place of death and most of the predetermined factors possibly associated with place of death were included in the data files. Conclusions. The quality of data sets was rated medium to high in 10 countries. Hence, death certificate data make it feasible to conduct an international comparative study on place of death and the associated factors in Latin America.
[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. En este artículo se evalúa la disponibilidad y la calidad de los datos del certificado de defunción en América Latina y la factibilidad de emplear estos datos para estudiar el lugar de defunción y factores asociados. Métodos. En este estudio comparativo, se recogieron ejemplos de certificados oficiales de defunción actuales y archivos digitales de datos que contenían información acerca de todas las defunciones que ocurrieron durante un año en 19 países latinoamericanos. Se recopilaron datos desde junio del 2019 hasta mayo del 2020. Se estudiaron los registros del lugar de la muerte y las variables asociadas. Los criterios para determinar la calidad de los datos fueron la exhaustividad, el número de causas de muerte mal definidas y la presentación oportuna de la información. Resultados. Los 19 países proporcionaron copias de los certificados oficiales de defunción actuales; en 18 de estos se registraba el lugar de la muerte. En todos los países fue posible distinguir entre hospital u otra institución de atención de salud, el hogar y otros. Se obtuvieron los archivos de datos digitales con los datos del certificado de defunción de 12 países y una región. Tres países tenían datos considerados de buena calidad y siete tenían datos considerados de calidad media. En los archivos de datos se incluyeron categorías para lugar de defunción y la mayoría de los factores predeterminados posiblemente asociados con el lugar de defunción. Conclusiones. La calidad de los conjuntos de datos se calificó de media a buena en 10 países. En consecuencia, es factible realizar un estudio internacional comparativo sobre el lugar de defunción y los factores asociados en América Latina con los datos del certificado de defunción.
[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Este estudo avalia a disponibilidade e a qualidade dos dados das declarações de óbito na América Latina e a viabilidade de usar esses dados para estudar o local do óbito e fatores associados. Métodos. Neste estudo comparativo, coletamos exemplos de declarações de óbito oficiais atuais e arquivos de dados digitais contendo informações sobre todos os óbitos que ocorreram durante 1 ano em 19 países latinoamericanos. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho de 2019 a maio de 2020. Foram estudados os registros do local do óbito e variáveis associadas. Os critérios de qualidade dos dados foram preenchimento completo, número de causas mal definidas de morte e oportunidade. Resultados. Todos os 19 países forneceram cópias das declarações de óbito oficiais atuais, e 18 deles registraram o local do óbito . Foi possível distinguir em todos os países entre hospital ou outra instituição de saúde, lar ou outro local. Arquivos de dados digitais com os dados das declarações de óbito foram disponibilizados por 12 países e 1 região. Três países tiveram dados considerados de alta qualidade, e sete tiveram dados considerados de qualidade média. As categorias de local do óbito e a maioria dos fatores predeterminados possivelmente associados ao local do óbito foram incluídos nos arquivos de dados. Conclusões. A qualidade dos conjuntos de dados foi classificada como média a alta em 10 países. Portanto, os dados de declarações de óbito possibilitam a realização de um estudo comparativo internacional sobre local do óbito e fatores associados na América Latina.
Assuntos
Atestado de Óbito , Estudo Comparativo , América Latina , Atestado de Óbito , Estudo Comparativo , América Latina , Atestado de Óbito , Estudo ComparativoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The coverage of palliative care (PC) may be understood as a country's capacity to offer prevention and relief from serious health-related suffering in relation to an existing need. The aim of this study is to estimate European countries´ coverage capacities. METHOD: Secondary analysis of three indicators, including the number of specialized services (SSPC), integration capacity scores (ICS) and the PC needs. By means of a K-medians clustering supervised algorithm, three coverage profiles were obtained: (1) Advanced: countries with high ICS and SSPC, and low PC needs; (2) Limited: countries with low ICS and SSPC, and low PC needs; and (3) Low: countries with low ICS and SSPC and high PC needs. RESULTS: On average, the ratio of specialized services per population was 0.79 per 100,000 inhabitants, the average ICS was 19.62 and the average number of deceased patients with SHS per 100,000 inhabitants was 5.69. Twenty countries (41%) reached an advanced coverage profile. Nine countries (18%) demonstrated a limited coverage profile; and 20 countries (41%) fell under a low-coverage capacity. CONCLUSION: The level of palliative care coverage across Europe shows that 59% of European countries have either limited or very low availability of PC resources as regards their palliative care needs.
Assuntos
Programas Governamentais , Cuidados Paliativos , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Assistência MédicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Palliative care is a priority for health systems worldwide, yet equity in access remains unknown. To shed light on this issue, this study compares populations' driving time to specialized palliative care services in three countries: Ireland, Spain, and Switzerland. METHODS: Network analysis of the population's driving time to services according to geolocated palliative care services using Geographical Information System (GIS). Percentage of the population living within a 30-min driving time, between 30 and 60 minutes, and over 60 min were calculated. RESULTS: The percentage of the population living less than thirty minutes away from the nearest palliative care provider varies among Ireland (84%), Spain (79%), and Switzerland (95%). Percentages of the population over an hour away from services were 1.87% in Spain, 0.58% in Ireland, and 0.51% in Switzerland. CONCLUSION: Inequities in access to specialized palliative care are noticeable amongst countries, with implications also at the sub-national level.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Cuidados Paliativos , Europa (Continente) , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Irlanda , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the capacity of European countries to integrate palliative care (PC) into their health systems through PC service provision for patients of all ages, with different care needs and diseases, in various settings and by a range of providers. METHODS: Secondary analysis of survey data from 51 countries with 22 indicators explored the integration of available PC resources for children, for patients of all ages, at the primary care level, for oncology and cardiac patients, and in long-term care facilities. We also measured volunteer participation. Results were quantified, converted into weighted subscores by area and combined into a single 'Integration Capacity Score (ICS)' for each country. RESULTS: Thirty-eight countries reported 543 specialised paediatric PC services. One-third of all surveyed countries reported 20% or more of patients with PC needs at the primary care level. Twenty-four countries have a total of 155 designated centres that integrate oncology and PC. Eight countries were pioneering cardiology services that integrate PC. Eight reported a volunteer workforce of over 1000 and 12 had policies regulating PC provision and interventions in long-term care facilities. Across all indicators, 39 countries (76%) score from low to very low integration capacity, 8 (16%) score at an intermediate level, and 4 (8%; the Netherlands, UK, Germany and Switzerland) report a high-level integration of PC into their health systems. CONCLUSION: Variable progress according to these indicators shows that most European countries are still in the process of integrating PC into their health systems.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Palliative care (PC) development cannot only be assessed from a specialized provision perspective. Recently, PC integration into other health systems has been identified as a component of specialized development. Yet, there is a lack of indicators to assess PC integration for pediatrics, long-term care facilities, primary care, volunteering and cardiology. AIM: To identify and design indicators capable of exploring national-level integration of PC into the areas mentioned above. METHODS: A process composed of a desk literature review, consultation and semi-structured interviews with EAPC task force members and a rating process was performed to create a list of indicators for the assessment of PC integration into pediatrics, long-term care facilities, primary care, cardiology, and volunteering. The new indicators were mapped onto the four domains of the WHO Public Health Strategy. RESULTS: The literature review identified experts with whom 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted. A total of 34 new indicators were identified for national-level monitoring of palliative care integration. Ten were for pediatrics, five for primary care, six for long-term care facilities, seven for volunteering, and six for cardiology. All indicators mapped onto the WHO domains of policy and education while only pediatrics had an indicator that mapped onto the domain of services. No indicators mapped onto the domain of use of medicines. CONCLUSION: Meaningful contributions are being made in Europe towards the integration of PC into the explored fields. These efforts should be assessed in future regional mapping studies using indicators to deliver a more complete picture of PC development.
Assuntos
Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida , Cuidados Paliativos , Criança , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Saúde Pública , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
CONTEXT: The national evaluation of an individual country is a tool used to improve the universal provision of palliative care. The evaluation of a country's internal situation, by means of an analysis of the development of palliative care by region, may also be an instrument for improvement. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to understand the regional development of palliative care in Colombia, through the application of international indicators. METHODS: Regional development was analyzed for Colombia, with a country-specific adaptation of the evaluation method used in the latest edition of the Palliative Care World Map (Clark D, 2020), the need for palliative care per death with serious health-related suffering (Knaul FN, 2019), and the coverage of specialized services, following European standards (Centeno, 2016). A total of 33 of the country's regions were classified. RESULTS: Some 41% of the people who die in Colombia need palliative care. The average figure for specialized services is 0.5/100,000 inhabitants, with a maximum coverage of 51%. In Colombia, there are 12 regions with a generalized level of provision; six regions with isolated provision, nine regions developing their capacity, four with no known activity, and two at an advanced level of palliative care integration. The regions with the highest level of palliative care development coincide with higher demand and coverage of specialized services. CONCLUSION: Regional palliative care development is unequal and unbalanced. Applying international indicators to levels of regional development allows for the identification of geographical inequalities and highlights low palliative care development, especially in the rural areas of the country.
Assuntos
Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida , Cuidados Paliativos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , HumanosRESUMO
Objective: this paper assesses the availability and quality of death certificate data in Latin America and the feasibility of using these data to study place of death and associated factors. Methods: in this comparative study, we collected examples of current official death certificates and digital data files containing information about all deaths that occurred during 1 year in 19 Latin American countries. Data were collected from June 2019 to May 2020. The records for place of death and associated variables were studied. The criteria for data quality were completeness, number of ill-defined causes of death and timeliness. Results: all 19 countries provided copies of current official death certificates and 18 of these registered the place of death. Distinguishing among hospital or other health care institution, home and other was possible for all countries. Digital data files with death certificate data were available from 12 countries and 1 region. Three countries had data considered to be of high quality and seven had data considered to be of medium quality. Categories for place of death and most of the predetermined factors possibly associated with place of death were included in the data files. Conclusions: the quality of data sets was rated medium to high in 10 countries. Hence, death certificate data make it feasible to conduct an international comparative study on place of death and the associated factors in Latin America.