RESUMO
The exopolymer (EPSp) produced by the strain B. licheniformis IDN-EC was isolated and characterized using different techniques (MALDI-TOF, NMR, ATR-FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM). The results showed that the low molecular weight EPSp contained a long polyglutamic acid and an extracellular teichoic acid polysaccharide. The latter was composed of poly(glycerol phosphate) and was substituted at the 2-position of the glycerol residues with a αGal and αGlcNH2. The αGal O-6 position was also found to be substituted by a phosphate group. The antiviral capability of this EPSp was also tested on both enveloped (herpesviruses HSV, PRV and vesicular stomatitis VSV) and non-enveloped (MVM) viruses. The EPSp was efficient at inhibiting viral entry for the herpesviruses and VSV but was not effective against non-enveloped viruses. The in vivo assay of the EPSp in mice showed no signs of toxicity which could allow for its application in the healthcare sector.
Assuntos
Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Antivirais/farmacologia , Bacillus licheniformis/química , Matriz Extracelular de Substâncias Poliméricas/química , Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antivirais/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Chlorocebus aethiops , Glicerofosfatos/química , Células HeLa , Herpesviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesviridae/fisiologia , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Peso Molecular , Ácido Poliglutâmico/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Células Vero , Internalização do Vírus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Hydraulic tomography (HT) is a method for resolving the spatial distribution of hydraulic parameters to some extent, but many details important for solute transport usually remain unresolved. We present a methodology to improve solute transport predictions by combining data from HT with the breakthrough curve (BTC) of a single forced-gradient tracer test. We estimated the three dimensional (3D) hydraulic-conductivity field in an alluvial aquifer by inverting tomographic pumping tests performed at the Hydrogeological Research Site Lauswiesen close to Tübingen, Germany, using a regularized pilot-point method. We compared the estimated parameter field to available profiles of hydraulic-conductivity variations from direct-push injection logging (DPIL), and validated the hydraulic-conductivity field with hydraulic-head measurements of tests not used in the inversion. After validation, spatially uniform parameters for dual-domain transport were estimated by fitting tracer data collected during a forced-gradient tracer test. The dual-domain assumption was used to parameterize effects of the unresolved heterogeneity of the aquifer and deemed necessary to fit the shape of the BTC using reasonable parameter values. The estimated hydraulic-conductivity field and transport parameters were subsequently used to successfully predict a second independent tracer test. Our work provides an efficient and practical approach to predict solute transport in heterogeneous aquifers without performing elaborate field tracer tests with a tomographic layout.
Assuntos
Água Subterrânea , Tomografia , Movimentos da Água , Alemanha , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
Two cases of mediastinal lipoblastomatosis have been observed and cured by surgical excision: one, a circumscribed form, in a 6 months old boy, other, a diffuse form, in a 20 months old girl. Both are in good health for a 11 and 2 years period of follow-up observation respectively. The subject is reviewed.
