Salivary BPIFA proteins are altered in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of BPIFA proteins in the saliva and salivary glands of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This longitudinal study included patients who had undergone autologous HCT (auto-HCT) and allogeneic HCT (allo-HCT), and unstimulated saliva was collected at three time points, with a fourth collection at oral chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) onset. BPIFA expression was analysed by Western blotting in saliva and immunostaining in the minor salivary glands of cGVHD patients. RESULTS: Auto-HCT patients showed increased levels of BPIFA1 (p = .021) and BPIFA2 at D+7 (p = .040), whereas allo-HCT group demonstrated decreased expression of BPIFA2 at D+8 (p = .002) and at D+80 (p = .001) and a significant association between BPIFA2 low levels and hyposalivation was observed (p = .02). BPIFA2 was significantly lower in the cGVHD patients when compared to baseline (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show distinct pattern of expression of BPIF proteins in both auto-HCT and allo-HCT recipients with decreased levels of BPIFA2 during hyposalivation and cGVHD. Further studies are necessary to elucidate these proteins mechanisms and their clinical implications in these groups of patients.

Discectomia para tratamento de desarranjo intra-articular: relato de caso / Diskectomy for treating internal derangement of the temporo mandibular joint: case report

O desarranjo interno da ATM ocorre devido a uma relação anatômica anormal entre disco, côndilo e eminência articular, interferindo na livre movimentação da articulação. Mediante uma análise retrospectiva de 540 pacientes e 740 articulações, Wilkes classificou os desarranjos internos em cinco estágios, baseando-se no exame físico, nos exames de imagem e nos achados artroscópicos. O tratamento inicial dos desarranjos internos é conservador, no entanto, em média , 5% dos pacientes não obtêm melhora e são candidatos à cirurgia aberta da ATM. A discectomia visa à completa remoção do disco articular sem interposição de nenhum material para substituí-lo. É indicada quando o disco se encontra comprometido estruturalmente, há presença de calcificações e/ou deslocamento grave. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente classificada como estágio V de Wilkes e, como opção terapêutica, foi submetida à discectomia sem interposição com sucesso para o tratamento do desarranjo intra-articular, após falha no tratamento conservador. Essa técnica tem-se mostrado segura e eficaz na redução da dor e na melhora da função articular no tratamento de pacientes com distúrbios internos na ATM, que, por sua vez, não obtiveram melhora por meio de métodos conservadores... (AU)

The internal derangements of the temporo mandibular joint occur due to an abnormal anatomical relation among the disc, condyle and the articular eminence, thus interfering in the free articular movement. Through a retrospective analysis of 540 patients and 740 temporo mandibular joins, Wilkes classified the internal derangements into five stages, based on the physical exam, imaging exams and arthroscopic findings. The initial treatment of the internal derangements is conservative. However, an average of 5% of the patients do not achieve recovery and they are likely to have an open surgery of the temporo mandibular join. The diskectomy aims at the complete removal of the articular disc without the inter-positioning of any material in order to replace it. It is indicated when the disc is found structurally affected, there are calcifications and/or severe displacement. This work aims at reporting a clinical case of a patient classified as Wilkes stage V and who was submitted as therapeutic option to a successful diskectomy without inter-positioning for the treatment of the internal derangement of the temporo mandibular join, after the failure of the conservative treatment. Such technique has shown itself safe and effective in reducing the pain and improving the articular function in the treatment of patients with internal derangement of the temporo mandibular join who, in turn, have not achieved recovery through conservative methods... (AU)

Clinical Metabolomics Identifies Blood Serum Branched Chain Amino Acids as Potential Predictive Biomarkers for Chronic Graft vs. Host Disease.

The allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure-the only curative therapy for many types of hematological cancers-is increasing, and graft vs. host disease (GVHD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality after transplantation. Currently, GVHD diagnosis is clinically performed. Whereas, biomarker panels have been developed for acute GVHD (aGVHD), there is a lack of information about the chronic form (cGVHD). Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight (GC-TOF) mass spectrometry, this study prospectively evaluated the serum metabolome of 18 Brazilian patients who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We identified and quantified 63 metabolites and performed the metabolomic profile on day -10, day 0, day +10 and day +100, in reference to day of transplantation. Patients did not present aGVHD or cGVHD clinical symptoms at sampling times. From 18 patients analyzed, 6 developed cGVHD. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine and isoleucine were reduced and the sulfur-containing metabolite (cystine) was increased at day +10 and day +100. The area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves was higher than 0.79. BCAA findings were validated by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in 49 North American patients at day +100; however, cystine findings were not statistically significant in this patient set. Our results highlight the importance of multi-temporal and multivariate biomarker panels for predicting and understanding cGVHD.

Abordagem cirúrgica de lesões vasculares da cavidade oral / Surgical approach of vascular lesions in the buccal cavity

Introdução: As lesões vasculares da cavidade bucal são representadas por hemangiomas ou más-formações vasculares, varizes e menos comumente flebotromboses. Os sítios de maior acometimento são: lábios, mucosa jugal e língua. Os aspectos clínicos são de lesões nodulares ou papulares, pequenas e bem circunscritas, de coloração avermelhada, consistência resiliente, superfície lisa ou moriforme. A diascopia é uma manobra semiotécnica utilizada na diferenciação entre lesões vasculares e máculas. As principais modalidades de tratamento para as lesões vasculares são: excisão cirúrgica, crioterapia, uso de corticóides, escleroterapia e eletrocoagulação. Objetivo: Relatar três casos clínicos de lesões vasculares pequenas na cavidade bucal, tratadas através da excisão cirúrgica das lesões. Resultados e Discussão: Todos os casos evoluíram com um ótimo trans e pós-operatório. O exame anatomopatológico das mesmas revelou dois casos de hemangiomas e um de flebotrombose. A decisão de abordar cirurgicamente as lesões vasculares foi considerada frente aos aspectos clínicos de lesões bem circunscritas, pequenas, palpáveis, boa localização, sem comprometer estruturas nobres anatômicas. Conclusão: A excisão cirúrgica, abordada através de biópsia excisional de lesões pequenas vasculares, é uma opção viável de tratamento, sem complicações trans e pós-operatórias quando corretamente indicadas e executadas.

Introduction: Vascular lesions of the buccal cavity are represented by hemangiomas or vascular malformations, varicose veins and, less commonly, phlebotrombosis. The sites of major involvement are: lips, jugal mucosa and tongue. Clinical features are small, well circumscribed nodular or papular lesions of reddish color, resilient consistency, smooth or moriform surface. Diascopy is a semi-technical maneuver used in the differentiation between vascular lesions and macules. The main treatment modalities for vascular lesions are: surgical excision, cryotherapy, use of corticoids, sclerotherapy, electrocoagulation. Objective: of this present study was to report three clinical cases of small vascular lesions in the oral cavity, which after a well done clinical examination, the team planned the surgical excision of the lesions and the anatomopathological examination revealed two cases of hemangiomas and one of phlebotrombosis. Method: The decision to surgically approach the vascular lesions of this study was considered against the clinical aspects of well circumscribed and small, palpable lesions, good location, without compromising anatomical noble structures. Results: All cases evolved with a good postoperative period. Conclusion: that surgical excision, treated as an excisional biopsy of small vascular lesions, is a viable treatment option, without trans and postoperative complications when correctly indicated and performed.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, osteoradionecrosis, and osteomyelitis: A comparative histopathological study.

It is largely known that some oral diseases can be diagnosed based upon their clinical manifestation combined with the patient's medical history and generally not depending on examination. This is the case of some bone diseases such as osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ), osteomyelitis of the jaw (OMJ), and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The present study aimed to analyze the histopathological features of these specific bone diseases in order to evaluate similarities and differences. Forty-four bone specimens resected from each bone disease (22 cases of ORNJ, 6 cases of OMJ, and 16 cases of MRONJ) were analyzed by two experienced oral pathologists without prior knowledge of the diagnosis, considering bone tissue condition, inflammation, vascularization, and the presence of microorganisms. In addition, the examiners formulated a diagnostic hypothesis for each specimen. Many histopathological similarities were found among the diseases, especially considering the presence of necrotic bone, inflammation, and microorganisms. Statistically significant differences were detected in empty bone lacunae, which was decreased in ORN (p = 0.042), and considering neutrophil count, which was low in the MRONJ group (p ≤ 0.001). The Kappa coefficient was calculated and agreement was detected based on the histopathological parameters, but not for diagnostic suggestion (p=0.23). In conclusion, histopathological aspects of ORNJ, OMJ, and MRONJ do not permit a conclusive diagnosis, emphasizing the necessity of a detailed clinical report.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, osteoradionecrosis, and osteomyelitis: A comparative histopathological study

Abstract It is largely known that some oral diseases can be diagnosed based upon their clinical manifestation combined with the patient's medical history and generally not depending on examination. This is the case of some bone diseases such as osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ), osteomyelitis of the jaw (OMJ), and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The present study aimed to analyze the histopathological features of these specific bone diseases in order to evaluate similarities and differences. Forty-four bone specimens resected from each bone disease (22 cases of ORNJ, 6 cases of OMJ, and 16 cases of MRONJ) were analyzed by two experienced oral pathologists without prior knowledge of the diagnosis, considering bone tissue condition, inflammation, vascularization, and the presence of microorganisms. In addition, the examiners formulated a diagnostic hypothesis for each specimen. Many histopathological similarities were found among the diseases, especially considering the presence of necrotic bone, inflammation, and microorganisms. Statistically significant differences were detected in empty bone lacunae, which was decreased in ORN (p = 0.042), and considering neutrophil count, which was low in the MRONJ group (p ≤ 0.001). The Kappa coefficient was calculated and agreement was detected based on the histopathological parameters, but not for diagnostic suggestion (p=0.23). In conclusion, histopathological aspects of ORNJ, OMJ, and MRONJ do not permit a conclusive diagnosis, emphasizing the necessity of a detailed clinical report.

Cryosurgery as an Option for the Treatment of Vascular Lesions of the Oral Cavity.

Cryosurgery is a treatment modality consisting in the destruction of tissue by the application of extremely low temperatures. This causes irreversible damage to cellular metabolism, leading to tissue destruction within minutes, a mechanism that may be beneficial when used in diseased tissues. Because cryosurgery is effective, simple, and easy to perform, it has been used in the treatment of lesions in both medical and dental fields. This technique provides many advantages, such as easy operation, absence of intraoperative bleeding, and low infection rate. We report the case of a patient with a hemangiomatous lesion of the oral cavity who was treated with liquid nitrogen spray cryosurgery, with successful results at 18-month follow-up.

Polylactic/polyglycolic acid copolymer is a good carrier for bmp-2 on bone regeneration? / Copolímero do ácido polilático/poliglicólico é um bom carreador para bmp-2 na regeneração óssea?

The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of polylactic /polyglycolic acid copolymer as carrier for BMP-2 on bone regeneration in rat calvarium. Forty five adult male rats underwent 5-mm critical defects in bone calvaria to be divided into three groups according to the filling materials: Control-blood clot; PLGA-polylactic acid Polyglycolic/copolymer; PLGA + BMP-2 -polylactic acid Polyglycolic/copolymer associated with BMP-2. Sacrifice of animals occurred at 5, 15 and 30 days after surgery The evaluation of new bone formation was obtained by histomorphometry, while OPG and RANKL proteins were observed by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed by means of nonparametric tests based on quantitative variables of independent samples. Considering the amount of newly formed bone, significant difference was detected between PGLA (178,2±137,5µm) and the other groups, at day 30. In PLGA + BMP-2 and control groups, the expression of RANKL was prevalent on the OPG in the periods of 15 and 30 days, suggesting a favorable condition for bone reabsorption in these periods. Therefore, immunoexpression of RANKL and OPG and bone formation observed in different groups and periods of analysis showed that the polylactic/polyglycolic acid copolymer does not act as a good carrier for BMP-2.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o copolímero do ácido polilático/poliglicólico como carreador para BMP-2 na regeneração óssea da calvária de ratos. Foram utilizados 45 ratos adultos machos. Defeitos ósseos críticos de 5mm de diâmetro foram realizados com uma broca trefina na calvária dos animais. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com o material de notas para preenchimento dos defeitos: Controle - coágulo; PLGA - copolímero ácido polilático/poliglicólico; PLGA + BMP-2 - copolímero do ácido polilático/poliglicólico associado a BMP-2. O sacrifício ocorreu aos 5, 15 e 30 dias após a cirurgia. A avaliação da neoformação óssea foi obtida por histomorfometria, enquanto a análise de marcação para as proteínas OPG e RANKL foi observada por imunohistoquímica. Análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio de testes não paramétricos de variáveis quantitativas em amostras independentes. Com relação à quantidade de tecido ósseo neoformado, observou-se diferença estatística significante entre o grupo PLGA (178,2±137,5µm) e os demais, no período de 30 dias. Nos grupos PLGA+BMP-2 e Controle, a marcação de RANKL foi predominante sobre a marcação de OPG nos períodos de 15 e 30 dias, evidenciado uma condição favorável para a reabsorção óssea nestes períodos. Portanto, a marcação de RANKL e OPG, e a formação óssea observada nos diferentes grupos e tempos de análise mostrou que o copolímero de ácido polilático/poliglicólico não atua como um bom carreador para BMP-2.

BPI-fold (BPIF) containing/plunc protein expression in human fetal major and minor salivary glands.

The aim of this study was to determine expression, not previously described, of PLUNC (palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone) (BPI-fold containing) proteins in major and minor salivary glands from very early fetal tissue to the end of the second trimester and thus gain further insight into the function of these proteins. Early fetal heads, and major and minor salivary glands were collected retrospectively and glands were classified according to morphodifferentiation stage. Expression of BPI-fold containing proteins was localized through immunohistochemistry. BPIFA2, the major BPI-fold containing protein in adult salivary glands, was detected only in the laryngeal pharynx; the lack of staining in salivary glands suggested salivary expression is either very late in development or is only in adult tissues. Early expression of BPIFA1 was seen in the trachea and nasal cavity with salivary gland expression only seen in late morphodifferentiation stages. BPIFB1 was seen in early neural tissue and at later stages in submandibular and sublingual glands. BPIFA1 is significantly expressed in early fetal oral tissue but BPIFB1 has extremely limited expression and the major salivary BPIF protein (BPIFA2) is not produced in fetal development. Further studies, with more sensitive techniques, will confirm the expression pattern and enable a better understanding of embryonic BPIF protein function.

BPI-fold (BPIF) containing/plunc protein expression in human fetal major and minor salivary glands

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine expression, not previously described, of PLUNC (palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone) (BPI-fold containing) proteins in major and minor salivary glands from very early fetal tissue to the end of the second trimester and thus gain further insight into the function of these proteins. Early fetal heads, and major and minor salivary glands were collected retrospectively and glands were classified according to morphodifferentiation stage. Expression of BPI-fold containing proteins was localized through immunohistochemistry. BPIFA2, the major BPI-fold containing protein in adult salivary glands, was detected only in the laryngeal pharynx; the lack of staining in salivary glands suggested salivary expression is either very late in development or is only in adult tissues. Early expression of BPIFA1 was seen in the trachea and nasal cavity with salivary gland expression only seen in late morphodifferentiation stages. BPIFB1 was seen in early neural tissue and at later stages in submandibular and sublingual glands. BPIFA1 is significantly expressed in early fetal oral tissue but BPIFB1 has extremely limited expression and the major salivary BPIF protein (BPIFA2) is not produced in fetal development. Further studies, with more sensitive techniques, will confirm the expression pattern and enable a better understanding of embryonic BPIF protein function.

Pre-exercise low-level laser therapy improves performance and levels of oxidative stress markers in mdx mice subjected to muscle fatigue by high-intensity exercise.

This study was designed to determine if the levels of oxidative stress markers are influenced by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in mdx mice subjected to high-intensity exercise training on an electric treadmill. We used 21 C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx/J mice and 7 C57BL/10ScSn mice, all aged 4 weeks. The mice were divided into four groups: a positive control group of normal, wild-type mice (WT); a negative control group of untreated mdx mice; a group of mdx mice that underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill (mdx fatigue); and another group of mdx mice with the same characteristics that were treated with LLLT at a single point on the gastrocnemius muscle of the hind paw and underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill. The mdx mice treated with LLLT showed significantly lower levels of creatine kinase (CK) and oxidative stress than mdx mice that underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill. The activities of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in control mdx mice than in WT mice. LLLT also significantly reduced the level of this marker. LLLT had a beneficial effect also on the skeletal muscle performance of mdx mice. However, the single application of LLLT and the dose parameters used in this study were not able to change the morphology of a dystrophic muscle.

Salivary BPIFA1 (SPLUNC1) and BPIFA2 (SPLUNC2 A) are modified by head and neck cancer radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of radiotherapy on salivary BPIFA expression and to investigate the role of BPIFA in the development of known radiotherapy side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Unstimulated whole-mouth saliva was collected from 45 cancer patients (1 week before treatment, during the treatment, and 1 week after completion of radiotherapy) and from 20 controls. BPIFA1 and BPIFA2 expression was detected by western blotting and analyzed along with clinicopathologic data and side effects from the radiotherapy. RESULTS: A facial radiation field was associated with lower salivary flow during and after radiotherapy and correlated with side effects, mainly mucositis. Salivary BPIFA1 expression levels were similar between the control group and the patient group before treatment. On the other hand, BPIFA2 levels were higher in the patient group before treatment compared with the control group. BPIFA concentration was modified by radiotherapy as BPIFA1 levels increased (P = .0081) and BPIFA2 decreased (P < .0001). Higher levels of BPIFA1 were associated with the presence of mucositis (P = .0363) and its severity (P = .0500). CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that levels of BPIFA1 and glycosylated forms of BPIFA2 are affected by radiotherapy, suggesting that these proteins may play a role in the oral microenvironment in irradiated patients with head and neck cancer.

Ameloblastoma desmoplásico: revisão de literatura / Desmoplastic ameloblastoma: review of the literature

O ameloblastoma desmoplásico é uma variante dos ameloblastomas e caracteriza-se por estroma densamente colagenizado e permeado por pequenas ilhas e cordões de epitélio tumoral odontogênico com pouca tendência para formar estruturas císticas. Clinicamente apresenta-se como um aumento volumétrico facial indolor localizado predominantemente na região anterior da mandíbula; possui pequena predileção pelo sexo masculino e baixa incidência entre os tumores odontogênicos. Radiograficamente é descrito como uma lesão radiolúcida de limites pouco nítidos, semelhante a bolhas de sabão e que pode mimetizar lesões fibro-ósseas. Reabsorção radicular e neoformação óssea podem estar presentes. A tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética nuclear são exames de imagem úteis para o planejamento do tratamento, principalmente devido às margens mal definidas da neoplasia. O tratamento é controverso, mas a maioria dos autores corrobora a necessidade de excisão com adequada margem de tecidos não envolvidos devido ao alto índice de recidivas. Assim, esse trabalho teve como propósito revisar a literatura pertinente ressaltando as especificidades dessa lesão rara. De acordo com a literatura consultada pudemos concluir que as particularidades dessa variedade de ameloblastoma devem ser conhecidas e que, apesar da controvérsia, o tratamento mais seguro ainda é a ressecção com margens de aproximademente 1 cm...

The desmoplastic ameloblastoma is a variant of ameloblastomas and is characterized by densely collagenized stroma and permeated by small islands and strands of odontogenic tumor epithelium with little tendency to form cystic structures. Clinically presents as a painless facial volumetric increase localized predominantly in the anterior mandible; there is a little preference for male and low incidence among odontogenic tumors. Is described radiographically as a radiolucent lesion with ill-defined borders, similar to soap bubbles and can mimic fibro-osseous lesions. Root resorption and bone formation may be present. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance are useful exams for treatment planning, especially due to ill-defined margins of the neoplasm. Treatment is controversial, but most authors corroborates the need for excision with adequate margin of uninvolved tissue due to the high rate of recurrence. Thus, this work aimed to review the literature emphasizing the specifics of this rare lesion. According to the literature we concluded that the characteristics of this variety of ameloblastoma should be known and that despite the controversy, the safest treatment still is the resection with margins of approximately 1 cm...

Peripheral osteoma of the maxillary sinus: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Paranasal sinus osteomas are rare benign tumors. Although various theories such as trauma and infection have been proposed, it is difficult to establish the pathogenesis of osteoma. Osteomas may be detected with routine radiographic examination or the tumors may enlarge and cause symptoms. Osteomas most frequently occur in the frontal and ethmoid sinuses, and are rare in the maxillary sinus. CASE REPORT: In the present study, we report a case of an 18-year-old woman with a maxillary sinus osteoma. Radiographically, the tumor was characterized as a radiopaque, well-delimited lesion in the periapical region of teeth 27 and 28 that had positive sensitivity test. After computed tomographic scanning and complete removal of the tumor, the histopathological diagnosis was osteoma. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient shows no signs of recurrence.

Importância do exame preventivo – Papanicolau na visão de acadêmicas de enfermagem / Importancia de la examinación preventiva - Papanicolau en la visión de las académicas de enfermería / Importance of preventive examination - Papanicolau in the vision of nursing academics

O câncer do colo uterino representa a segunda causa de mortalidade entre as mulheres, com, aproximadamente, 500 mil casos novosanuais no mundo. Este estudo objetivou identificar o conhecimento e a importância atribuídos ao exame de Papanicolau por acadêmicasdo curso de graduação em enfermagem de uma universidade do interior paulista. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagemquantitativa, com 77 acadêmicas que responderam a um questionário semi-estruturado. Resultados: faixa etária predominante entre20 a 24 anos (39%), estado civil (65% são solteiras). Procedimentos a que as alunas se submeteram: realização do exame (82%responderam sim), frequência da realização do exame (44,7% responderam anualmente), conhecimento dos motivos sobre o examede Papanicolau (93% responderam saber o motivo do exame) e motivo pela não realização do exame de Papanicolau (39% responderamfalta de informação e conhecimento). Desta forma, considerou-se que as acadêmicas de enfermagem possuíam conhecimento sobrea realização do exame de Papanicolau, porém, não estavam suficientemente atualizadas quanto à importância da realização periódicado exame, conforme preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde a fim de prevenir o câncer do colo uterino. Subsidiar informações econhecimentos na graduação de enfermagem, acerca do exame, da prevenção, displasias e alterações, além do tratamento,concorrerá para uma melhor adesão ao exame e sensibilização da população de risco, garantindo uma melhor qualidade aos cuidadosde saúde da mulher.

The cervical cancer represents the second cause of mortality among women, with approximately 500,000 new cases worldwide eachyear. This study aimed to identify the knowledge and the importance attributed to the Pap test for the academic undergraduatedegree in nursing from a university in São Paulo. This is a descriptive study with quantitative approach, with 77 academics whoresponded to a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: mostly between 20 to 24 years (39%), marital status (65% are single). Asfor the procedures that the students surrendered: the exam (82% answered yes), frequency of the examination (44.7% respondedannually), knowledge of the grounds on Pap smears (93% respondents know the reason for the examination) and reason for notperforming Pap smear (39% said lack of information and knowledge). Thus, it was considered that the nursing students hadknowledge about the implementation of Pap test, however, were not adequately updated regarding the importance of periodicaltesting, as recommended by the Health Ministry to prevent cervical cancer uterus. Subsidize information and knowledge in nursingdegree, about the examination, prevention, dysplasia and changes, in addition to treatment, will compete for a better adhesion tothe examination and awareness of risk, ensuring better quality health care for women.

El cáncer de cuello uterino representa la segunda causa de mortalidad entre las mujeres, con aproximadamente 500.000 nuevoscasos en todo el mundo cada año. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los conocimientos y la importancia atribuida a la pruebade Papanicolaou para el grado académico de licenciatura en enfermería de la universidad en São Paulo. Este es un estudio descriptivocon enfoque cuantitativo, con 77 profesores que respondieron a un cuestionario semi-estructurado. Resultados: en su mayoría entre20 y 24 años (39%), estado civil (65% son solteros). Los procedimientos que los estudiantes clases rindió: el examen (82% respondióque sí), la frecuencia del control (44,7% respondieron al año), el conocimiento de los motivos por los frotis de Papanicolaou (93% delos encuestados sabe la razón para el examen ) y el motivo de no realización de citología vaginal (39% dijo que la falta de informacióny conocimiento). Por lo tanto, se consideró que los estudiantes de enfermería tenían conocimiento sobre la aplicación de la prueba dePapanicolaou, sin embargo, no se han actualizado adecuadamente con respecto a la importancia de las pruebas periódicas, según lorecomendado por el Ministerio de Salud para prevenir el cáncer de cuello uterino útero. Subsidiar la información y el conocimiento engrado de enfermería, con el análisis, la prevención, la displasia y los cambios, además del tratamiento, competirán por una mejoradherencia a la exploración y el conocimiento de los riesgos, garantizar una mejor atención sanitaria de calidad para las mujeres.

Letter to the Editor: Starch artifacts in oral biopsy specimen

No disponible

Intraoral acinic cell carcinoma: case report and review of the literature.

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon salivary gland tumor that primarily affects the parotid gland. Involvement of minor salivary glands is rare. This report describes a 47-year-old man with an ACC on the left buccal mucosa. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by cells that resembled the serous cells. The patient was treated with surgical excision and showed no signs of recurrence two years later.