Prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus in Mexico, 2010-2017: analysis of 2.7 million women.

PURPOSE: Prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection varies greatly. Data on distribution of hrHPV infection constitute important evidence for decision-making when implementing HPV testing into cervical cancer screening programs. We estimate the prevalence of cervical hrHPV infection in a large sample of women in a middle-income country and explore variation by age, community marginalization and region in women using public cervical cancer screening services. METHODS: Records covering 2010-2017 from a registry of hrHPV test results (Hybrid Capture 2 and polymerase chain reaction) in 2,737,022 women 35-64 years were analyzed. In this observational study, 32 states were categorized into five geographical regions and classified by degree of marginalization. We stratified by test type and estimated crude and adjusted prevalence and rate ratios and used Poisson models and joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS: Prevalence was higher in women 35-39 years, at 10.4% (95% CI 10.3-10.5) and women 60-64 years, at 10.1% (95% CI 10.0-10.3). Prevalence was higher in the southeast, at 10.5% (95% CI 10.4-10.6). Women living in less marginalized areas had a significantly higher prevalence, at 10.3% (95% CI 10.2-10.4) compared to those in highly marginalized areas, at 8.7% (95% CI 8.5-8.7). HPV16 infection was detected in 0.92% (2,293/23,854) of women and HPV18 infection was detected in 0.39% (978/23,854) of women. CONCLUSION: Understanding the distribution of HPV prevalence has value as evidence for developing policy in order to improve cervical cancer screening strategies. These results will constitute evidence to allow decision makers to better choose where to focus those resources that they do have.

Comparative performance of the human papillomavirus test and cytology for primary screening for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at the population level.

The World Health Organization recommends high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-based screening for women 39 to 49 years, based on the greater accuracy of hrHPV-based screening for cervical cancer detection. Many cervical cancer screening programs have incorporated hrHPV testing and multiple early cervical cancer detection strategies have been evaluated, mostly under controlled conditions. However, there are few evaluations of combined hrHPV and cytology strategies post-implementation at the population level. Our study sought to estimate the relative yield of hrHPV testing compared to cervical cytology, as a primary screening test for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+), used at the population level. We analyzed screening data from Mexico's public cervical cancer prevention program from 2010 to 2015 in women 35 to 64 years. The study population consisted of two cohorts: one from a total of 2 881 962 cytology-based screening tests and another from a total of 2 004 497 hrHPV-based screening tests, which are concurrent in time. We performed a relative yield analysis using Poisson regression models to compare the effectiveness of hrHPV testing for CIN2+ with cervical cytology. A total of 4 886 459 records were analyzed, including 23 999 biopsies; 0.12% (n = 6166) had a CIN2+ histologic diagnosis. hrHPV testing with cytological triage detects twice as many CIN2+ cases as screening using cytology alone.

Short-term effects of ambient temperature on non-external and cardiovascular mortality among older adults of metropolitan areas of Mexico.

Multi-city studies assessing the association between acute exposure to temperature and mortality in Latin American are limited. To analyze the short-term effect of changes in temperature (increase and decrease) on daily non-external and cardiovascular mortality from 1998 to 2014, in people 65 years old and over living in 10 metropolitan areas of Mexico. Analyses were performed through Poisson regression models with distributed lag non-linear models. Statistical comparison of minimum mortality temperature (MMT) and city-specific cutoffs of 24-h temperature mean values (5th/95th and 1st/99th percentiles) were used to obtain the mortality relative Risk (RR) for cold/hot and extreme cold/extreme hot, respectively, for the same day and lags of 0-3, 0-7, and 0-21 days. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the estimates (RRpooled). Significant non-linear associations of temperature-mortality relation were found in U or inverted J shape. The best predictors of mortality associations with cold and heat were daily temperatures at lag 0-7 and lag 0-3, respectively. RRpooled of non-external causes was 6.3% (95%CI 2.7, 10.0) for cold and 10.2% (95%CI 4.4, 16.2) for hot temperatures. The RRpooled for cardiovascular mortality was 7.1% (95%CI 0.01, 14.7) for cold and 7.1% (95%CI 0.6, 14.0) for hot temperatures. Results suggest that, starting from the MMT, the changes in temperature are associated with an increased risk of non-external and specific causes of mortality in elderly people. Generally, heat effects on non-external and specific causes of mortality occur immediately, while cold effects occur within a few days and last longer.

Use of HPV testing in cervical cancer screening services in Mexico, 2008-2018: a nationwide database study / Uso de la prueba de VPH para la detección de cáncer cervical en México, 2008-2018: estudio de una base de datos nacional

Abstract: Objective: To describe the methods of a study aimed at evaluating high risk-HPV (hrHPV)-based screening and cervical cytology as triage compared to conventional cervical cytology as primary screening in the detection of grade 2+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) of Mexico. Materials and methods: We will use information originated from the Womens Cancer Information System of Mexico regarding cervical cancer from 2008 to 2018. The database includes cytology results, diagnostic confirmation by histopathology and/or treatment colposcopy. We will then carry out statistical analyses on approximately 15 million hrHPV. Results: We will evaluate the overall performance of hrHPV-based screening as part of the NCSP and compare hrHPV-based to cytology-based screening under real-life conditions. To guarantee an unbiased comparison between hrHPV with cytology triage and conventional cytology we will use propensity score matching. Conclusion: Decision makers may use our results to identify areas of opportunity for improvement in NCSP processes.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir los métodos de un estudio que busca comparar el beneficio de la introducción de la prueba de VPH de alto riesgo como prueba primaria frente a la citología convencional para la detección de la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado 2 o mayor, dentro del Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer de la Mujer, para el periodo de 2008 a 2018. Material y métodos: Se utilizarán los registros del Sistema de Información de Cáncer de la Mujer, se realizarán los análisis estadísticos con aproximadamente 15 millones de resultados de VPH-alto riesgo, además se utilizarán los resultados de citología, colposcopia, histología y los casos referenciados al centro oncológico para tratamiento. Para comparar ambos grupos usaremos "propensity score matching". Resultados: Se evaluará el desempeño general de la prueba de VPH-alto riesgo, en condiciones reales dentro del Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Mujer y su tendencia en el tiempo. Conclusiones: Los resultados de estudio ayudarán a los tomadores de decisiones a identificar áreas de oportunidad para mejorar el programa en México.

Use of HPV testing in cervical cancer screening services in Mexico, 2008-2018: a nationwide database study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the methods of a study aimed at evaluating high risk-HPV (hrHPV)-based screening and cervical cytology as triage compared to conventional cervical cytology as primary screening in the detection of grade 2+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) of Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We will use information originated from the Womens Cancer Information System of Mexico regarding cervical cancer from 2008 to 2018. The database includes cytology results, diagnostic confirmation by histopathology and/or treatment colposcopy. We will then carry out statistical analyses on approximately 15 million hrHPV. RESULTS: We will evaluate the overall performance of hrHPV-based screening as part of the NCSP and compare hrHPV-based to cytology-based screening under real-life conditions. To guarantee an unbiased comparison between hrHPV with cytology triage and conventional cytology we will use propensity score matching. CONCLUSIONS: ytology we will use propensity score matching. Conclusion. Decision makers may use our results to identify areas of opportunity for improvement in NCSP processe.

OBJETIVO: Describir los métodos de un estudio que busca comparar el beneficio de la introducción de la prueba de VPH de alto riesgo como prueba primaria frente a la citología convencional para la detección de la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grado 2 o mayor, dentro del Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer de la Mujer, para el periodo de 2008 a 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizarán los registros del Sistema de Información de Cáncer de la Mujer, se realizarán los análisis estadísticos con aproximadamente 15 millones de resultados de VPH-alto riesgo, además se utilizarán los resultados de citología, colposcopia, histología y los casos referenciados al centro oncológico para tratamiento. Para comparar ambos grupos usaremos "propensity score matching". RESULTADOS: Se evaluará el desempeño general de la prueba de VPH-alto riesgo, en condiciones reales dentro del Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de la Mujer y su tendencia en el tiempo. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de estudio ayudarán a los tomadores de decisiones a identificar áreas de oportunidad para mejorar el programa en México.