Hardware-in-the-loop testing of simple and intelligent MPPT control algorithm for an electric vehicle charging power by photovoltaic system.

In this paper, an electric vehicle (EV) charging station powered by a photovoltaic (PV) system has been created to charge EVs. Furthermore, the maximum available power from the PV system was extracted using a new algorithm called the simplified universal intelligent PID (SUIPID) controller, which has the advantages of simplicity in design and intelligence. The SUIPID controller was compared to the artificial neural networks (ANNs), the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based on linear membership functions, and the FLC based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize its parameters under various conditions. The system simulation was first performed using MATLAB software, then an experimental set up was conducted to confirm the theoretical work. The proposed SUIPID responds 28.5%, 44.4%, and 61.5% faster than the PSO-FLC, ANN, and FLC, respectively, whereas the ITAE error was reduced by 27.3%, 52.9%, and 65.2%, respectively. Also, the charging procedure of the EV battery is precisely steady under different atmospheric conditions. The SUIPID controller has several advantages over other intelligent algorithms, most notably its ease of design and implementation.

Triple-Layer Nanocomposite Membrane Prepared by Electrospinning Based on Modified PES with Carbon Nanotubes for Membrane Distillation Applications.

In this work, a novel triple-layer nanocomposite membrane prepared with polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the primary bulk material and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) (PcH)/CNTs as the outer and inner surfaces of the membrane by using electrospinning method is introduced. Modified PES with CNTs was chosen as the bulk material of the triple-layer membrane to obtain a high porosity membrane. Both the upper and lower surfaces of the triple-layer membrane were coated with PcH/CNTs using electrospinning to get a triple-layer membrane with high total porosity and noticeable surface hydrophobicity. Combining both characteristics, next to an acceptable bulk hydrophobicity, resulted in a compelling membrane for membrane distillation (MD) applications. The prepared membrane was utilized in a direct contact MD system, and its performance was evaluated in different salt solution concentrations, feed velocities and feed solution temperatures. The results of the prepared membrane in this study were compared to those reported in previously published papers. Based on the evaluated membrane performance, the triple-layer nanocomposite membrane can be considered as a potential alternative with reasonable cost, relative to other MD membranes.