Propiedades psicométricas de la escala Post-COVID-19 Functional Status para adultos sobrevivientes de COVID-19 / Psychometric properties of the Post-COVID 19 Functional Status scale for adult COVID 19 survivors

Introducción: Para evaluar el estado funcional es fundamental contar con instrumentos simples que permitan hacer un seguimiento del curso de los síntomas y del compromiso que pueden presentar las personas adultas sobrevivientes de COVID-19. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de estado funcional post-COVID-19 (Post COVID-19 Functional Status [PCFS]). Material y método: Corresponde a un estudio transversal de validación de escala. En la validación de contenido participaron 22 profesionales sanitarios, quienes mediante juicio de expertos evaluaron la escala en las categorías de suficiencia, claridad, coherencia y relevancia. Así también, dos profesionales realizaron la prueba de test-retest con 20 personas que habían cursado con infección por COVID-19. Adicionalmente, expusieron sus observaciones y comentarios. El grado de acuerdo entre los expertos fue determinado con el coeficiente de Kendall. Para el test-retest se utilizó el coeficiente de Spearman. En todos los análisis fue considerado significativo un valor de p<0,05. Resultados: En relación con la validez de contenido, hubo acuerdo entre evaluadores solo para la categoría relevancia (p=0,032). Se obtuvo buena fuerza de concordancia entre dos evaluadores (Rho de Spearman=0,929 para la puntuación). Se ajustaron algunos términos del contenido sin afectar la estructura general de la escala. De los 16 ítems originales que componen la escala PCFS, no se eliminó ninguno.ConclusionesLa versión en español para Chile de la PCFS, adaptada al contexto cultural del país, muestra buenas características psicométricas en términos de confiabilidad.(AU)

Introduction: To evaluate functional state, it is fundamental to have simple instruments that allow for monitoring the course of symptoms and the commitment of the functional status that adult COVID-19 survivors may present. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Post COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale. Material and methods: A cross-sectional scale validation study was performed. In the content validation 22-health professionals, whom through expert judgment evaluated the scale in the sufficiency, clarity, coherence and relevance categories. In addition, two professionals performed the retest with 20 people who had been infected with COVID-19. In addition, their observations and comments are revealed. The degree of agreement amongst the experts was determined with the Kendall coefficient. For the retest test, the Spearman coefficient was utilized. In all the analyzes, a P value of <.05 was considered. Results: In regards to the content validity, there was agreement between raters only for the relevance category (P=.032). A strong agreement was obtained between two evaluators (Spearman's Rho=.929 for the score). Some of the content terms were adjusted without affecting the general structure of the scale. Of the original 16 items that make up the PCFS scale, none was eliminated. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the PCFS (Chile) was adapted to the cultural context of the country, shows good psychometric characteristics in terms of reliability.(AU)

[Psychometric properties of the Post-COVID 19 Functional Status scale for adult COVID 19 survivors]. / Propiedades psicométricas de la escala Post-COVID-19 Functional Status para adultos sobrevivientes de COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate functional state, it is fundamental to have simple instruments that allow for monitoring the course of symptoms and the commitment of the functional status that adult COVID-19 survivors may present. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Post COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional scale validation study was performed. In the content validation 22-health professionals, whom through expert judgment evaluated the scale in the sufficiency, clarity, coherence and relevance categories. In addition, two professionals performed the retest with 20 people who had been infected with COVID-19. In addition, their observations and comments are revealed. The degree of agreement amongst the experts was determined with the Kendall coefficient. For the retest test, the Spearman coefficient was utilized. In all the analyzes, a P value of <.05 was considered. RESULTS: In regards to the content validity, there was agreement between raters only for the relevance category (P=.032). A strong agreement was obtained between two evaluators (Spearman's Rho=.929 for the score). Some of the content terms were adjusted without affecting the general structure of the scale. Of the original 16 items that make up the PCFS scale, none was eliminated. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the PCFS (Chile) was adapted to the cultural context of the country, shows good psychometric characteristics in terms of reliability.

Calidad de vida, complicaciones asociadas y satisfacción con el uso de pesarios para tratamiento conservador del prolapso de órganos pélvicos / Quality of life, associated complications and satisfaction with pessary use for conservative treatment of pelvic organ prolapse

Antecedentes: El tratamiento conservador para prolapso de órganos pélvicos (POP) está indicado cuando la paciente rechaza la cirugía o cuando existe contraindicación quirúrgica por condiciones médicas adversas. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida, complicaciones y percepción subjetiva de mejora en mujeres con POP en tratamiento con pesarios en la Unidad de Uroginecología del Hospital Militar, Santiago, Chile, entre 2009 y 2018. Método: Estudio retrospectivo que evaluó 60 mujeres con POP en tratamiento con pesarios. Las variables sociodemográficas y datos clínicos fueron recopilados al inicio del tratamiento y durante los controles de abril del 2018 a marzo del 2019. Además, se aplicaron dos cuestionarios validados: Percepción Subjetiva de Mejora y Prolapse Quality of Life (PQoL). Resultados: El pesario más utilizado fue el ring (75%), el promedio de edad 78,7 años (± 8,2), las complicaciones más reportadas fueron: vulvovaginitis, erosión, infección del tracto urinario y brida. Un 80% de las mujeres reportó excelente mejora en su condición de salud, las demás refirieron sentirse entre bastante y algo mejor. Las mujeres con erosión y vulvovaginitis presentaron mayor tiempo de uso del pesario versus las que no tuvieron estas complicaciones (p < 0,05). En general, la calidad de vida asociada al POP y uso de pesario fue buena. Las mujeres que tuvieron síntomas de incontinencia urinaria (IU) presentaron mayor compromiso en calidad de vida en los dominios «impacto del POP» y «limitaciones sociales» (p < 0,05). Conclusión: El tratamiento conservador con pesarios mostró buenos resultados, en la percepción subjetiva de mejora y en la calidad de vida, y bajo porcentaje de complicaciones.(AU)

Background: Conservative treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is indicated when the patient refuses surgery, or when there is surgical contraindication due to adverse medical conditions. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life, complications, and perception of health improvement in women with POP on treatment with pessaries in the Urogynaecology Unit of the Military Hospital, Santiago Chile between 2009 and 2018. Method: Retrospective study that evaluated 60 women with POP on treatment with pessaries. Sociodemographic variables and clinical data were collected at the beginning of the treatment and during follow-up from April 2018 to March 2019. Two validated questionnaires were also completed: Subjective Perception of Improvement and Prolapse Quality of Life (PQoL). Results: The ring was the most commonly used pessary (75%). The mean age of the patients was 78.7 years (± 8.2). The most reported complications were: vulvovaginitis, erosion, urinary tract infection, and flange. Around 80% of the patients reported an excellent improvement in their health condition, and 20% reported feeling better. Women with erosion and vulvovaginitis had a longer time of pessary use compared to women who did not have these complications (p < 0.05). In general, Quality of Life associated with prolapse and pessary use was good. Women with urinary incontinence showed a worse quality of life in domains «impact of prolapse» and «social limitations» (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Conservative treatment with pessaries showed good results in subjective perception of improvement, good quality of life, and low percentage of complications.(AU)

Adaptación y validación de las escalas de autoeficacia y expectativa de resultados para la práctica de ejercicios de suelo pélvico en mujeres con cáncer ginecológico / Adaptation and validation in Spanish of self-efficacy and outcomes expectation scales for practice of pelvic floor exercises scale in women with gynecological cancer

ANTECEDENTES: La autoeficacia y expectativa de resultados son constructos teóricos que explican muchos cambios de conductas en salud, como la práctica de ejercicios de suelo pélvico (ESP) y son predictores de adherencia. Las mujeres en tratamiento por cáncer ginecológico presentan distintos grados de disfunción de suelo pélvico que pueden prevenirse con la práctica de ejercicios. El éxito de este tipo de intervenciones depende de la adherencia a ellos. Hay escasez de instrumentos de autoeficacia en idioma español desarrollados en el contexto de intervenciones preventivas. OBJETIVO: Adaptar y validar en Chile la Escala de autoeficacia y expectativa de resultados para la práctica de ejercicios de suelo pélvico (EAPEAP) desarrollada en Brasil. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional, longitudinal prospectivo y de validación, incluyó traducción-traducción inversa y revisión por pares expertos. Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento - consistencia interna y capacidad predictiva, aplicado a 53 mujeres chilenas derivadas a tratamiento de radioterapia por cáncer ginecológico. Para los análisis se consideró un p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: La escala presenta buena consistencia interna, siendo el alfa de Cronbach de 0,932 para la Escala de Autoeficacia para ESP y alfa de 0,748, para la Escala de Expectativa de Resultados. Respecto de la validez predictiva, la escala de autoeficacia fue capaz de discriminar entre adherentes y no adherentes a tratamiento (p = 0,034), no así la escala de expectativa de resultados. CONCLUSIÓN: La escala de autoeficacia y expectativa de resultados para la práctica de ejercicios de suelo pélvico es lingüísticamente apropiada y psicométricamente válida para ser aplicada en Chile

BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy and outcomes expectation are theoretical constructs that explain many changes in health behaviors, such as the practice of pelvic floor exercises (PFE), and they are predictors of adherence. Women undergoing treatment for gynaecological cancer have different degrees of pelvic floor dysfunction that can be prevented with PFE. The success of these kinds of procedures are dependent on adherence to them. There is a lack of self-efficacy instruments in Spanish related to preventive approaches. OBJECTIVE: to adapt and validate the Scale of Self-efficacy and Outcomes Expectation for the Practice of Pelvic Floor Exercises (EAPEAP) developed in Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational, prospective longitudinal and validation study that included translation- back translation and expert peer review. The psychometric properties of the instrument (internal consistency and predictive capacity) were evaluated, applied to 53 Chilean women referred for radiotherapy treatment for gynaecological cancer. RESULTS: The scale shows good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.932 for the self-efficacy scale for PFE; and alpha of 0.748 for the outcomes expectation scale for PFE. Regarding predictive validity, the self-efficacy scale was able to discriminate between adherence and non-adherence to treatment (p = 0.034), but not the outcomes expectation scale. For all the analyses, a p < 0.05 was considered. CONCLUSION: the scale of self-efficacy and outcomes expectation for the practice of PFE is linguistically appropriate and psychometrically valid to be applied in Chile

[Identification of ICF categories representative of functioning problems in adult cancer patients at hospital discharge: National expert consensus]. / Identificación de un conjunto de categorías CIF representativas del funcionamiento al egreso hospitalario de personas adultas tratadas por cáncer: consenso nacional de expertos.

INTRODUCTION: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a standardised language and conceptual framework for health and health-related conditions, aiming to unify communication between different disciplines. OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of selecting (through national expert consensus) ICF categories representative of functioning problems in cancer patients at hospital discharge. METHOD: We conducted a descriptive qualitative and quantitative study that used the expert consensus method to design a clinical instrument. The study included 21 experts, consisting of 2 patients and 19 health professionals from different disciplines. A total of 208 ICF categories obtained in a previous stage through a systematic review and linking process were evaluated in 3 rounds. Participants evaluated each code and classified it as: highly relevant, relevant, slightly relevant, and not relevant at all. Only those codes assessed as «highly relevant¼ by more than 50% of the experts were included (cut off). In addition, another 143 ICF categories were evaluated in the second round. RESULTS: In all, 24 ICF categories were obtained: 10 corresponded to the body function component, 11 to activities and participation, and 3 to environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus using the common language of the ICF resulted in the selection of 24 representative categories of the main health problems related to functioning at hospital discharge in adults treated for cancer.

Identificación de un conjunto de categorías CIF representativas del funcionamiento al egreso hospitalario de personas adultas tratadas por cáncer: consenso nacional de expertos / Identification of ICF categories representative of functioning problems in adult cancer patients at hospital discharge: national expert consensus

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Clasificación Internacional de Funcionamiento, Discapacidad y Salud (CIF) proporciona un lenguaje estandarizado y un marco conceptual para la salud y las condiciones relacionadas para una comunicación unificada entre diferentes disciplinas. OBJETIVO: Describir el proceso de selección (consenso de expertos nacionales) de un conjunto de categorías CIF relacionadas con el funcionamiento en el momento del egreso hospitalario que presentan las personas adultas tratadas por cáncer. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo cualitativo-cuantitativo con metodología de consenso de expertos como fase de desarrollo de un futuro instrumento de uso clínico. Participaron 21 expertos (2 pacientes y 19 profesionales de la salud de diferentes disciplinas). Mediante 3rondas de trabajo se evaluaron 208 categorías CIF obtenidas en una etapa previa de revisión sistemática y proceso de vinculación. Los participantes evaluaron cada categoría y la clasificaron como: muy relevante, relevante, ligeramente relevante y nada relevante. Solo se incluyeron los códigos que más del 50% de los expertos evaluaron como «muy relevantes». Además, en una segunda ronda se evaluaron otras 143 categorías. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 24 categorías, 10 correspondieron al componente de función corporal, 11 a actividades y participación y 3 a factores ambientales. CONCLUSIONES: El consenso de expertos, usando el lenguaje común de la CIF, concluyó en la selección de 24 categorías representativas de los principales problemas de salud relacionados con el funcionamiento al egreso hospitalario de los adultos tratados por cáncer

INTRODUCTION: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a standardised language and conceptual framework for health and health-related conditions, aiming to unify communication between different disciplines. OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of selecting (through national expert consensus) ICF categories representative of functioning problems in cancer patients at hospital discharge. METHOD: We conducted a descriptive qualitative and quantitative study that used the expert consensus method to design a clinical instrument. The study included 21 experts, consisting of 2 patients and 19 health professionals from different disciplines. A total of 208 ICF categories obtained in a previous stage through a systematic review and linking process were evaluated in 3 rounds. Participants evaluated each code and classified it as: highly relevant, relevant, slightly relevant, and not relevant at all. Only those codes assessed as «highly relevant» by more than 50% of the experts were included (cut off). In addition, another 143 ICF categories were evaluated in the second round. RESULTS: In all, 24 ICF categories were obtained: 10 corresponded to the body function component, 11 to activities and participation, and 3 to environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus using the common language of the ICF resulted in the selection of 24 representative categories of the main health problems related to functioning at hospital discharge in adults treated for cancer

Vo2 máximo indirecto y edad fitness de sedentarios y no sedentarios / Vo2 indirect maximum and fitness age of sedentary and non-sedentary

El objetivo es: comparar la edad cronológica con la edad fitness obtenida por medio del VO2 máximo indirecto, de un grupo de personas sedentarias y no sedentarias. Método: 253 personas fueron evaluadas respecto a masa corporal, estatura, perímetro de cintura, frecuencia cardiaca basal y un cuestionario del modelo web "Fitness Calculator". Los resultados demostraron diferencias significativas en las variables antropométricas y fisiológicas entre personas sedentarias y no sedentarias (P<,001). Las personas no sedentarias tienen un mayor VO2máx en comparación con las personas sedentarias. Las personas sedentarias indican que presentan una edad fitness que se encuentra sobre 12 años cronológicos promedio de lo esperado. Conclusión: Las personas sedentarias tienen una mayor edad fitness, esto permite establecer que su cuerpo se deteriora más rápido que los no sedentarios. El bajo VO2 máx es un potente predictor de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y se establece como un predictor de enfermedades cardiovasculares

The purpose was to compare chronological age with fitness age obtained through indirect VO2max in a group of sedentary and non-sedentary people. Method: 253 people were evaluated for body mass, height, waist circumference, basal heart rate and a web model questionnaire "Fitness Calculator". The results: showed significant differences in anthropometric and physiological variables between sedentary and non-sedentary people (P <.001). Non-Sedentary people have a greater higher VO2máx group compared to sedentary people. This indicates that sedentary people have a fitness age 12 years over their expected chronological average age. Conclusion: Sedentary people have a higher fitness age; therefore your body deteriorates faster than the non-sedentary people. A low level of VO2máx is a powerful predictor of cardiorespiratory capacity and of cardiovascular diseases