RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cesarean section is a surgical procedure the main complication of which is surgical site infection (SSI), which is related to maternal morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate active monitoring by telephone to identify infection and time of SSI report in postpartum women and associated risk factors. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study from 2013-2014, at a referral service for high-risk pregnancies. Surveillance was conducted via telephone at least 30 days after cesarean delivery. Incidence ratio and time of infection occurrence (days) was analyzed. Survival analysis was conducted to assess the temporal distribution of the development of infection. RESULTS: Of a total of 353 patients, 14 (4%) cases of SSI were reported, and 10 (7.4%) of the reported cases occurred within 15 days after cesarean and average time of infection was12.21 days. American Society of Anesthesiologists score was the only risk factor associated with SSI after cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SSI after cesarean section via telephone is similar to several services with different methods of surveillance, considering it could be used by services with limited resources. Superficial incisional SSI was the most common type of infection, time of infection report was mainly before the 15th day postprocedure, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 2 or less was protective against SSI. Telephone calls can be a viable method to identify women with infection briefly after discharge, particularly at-risk patients.
Assuntos
Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Introdução: as infecções congênitas são resultantes da transmissão vertical de microrganismos de gestantes infectadas para seus conceptos. Apesar dessas infecções, em geral, cursarem com pouca ou nenhuma manifestação clínica nas gestantes, a infecção fetal pode trazer morbimortalidade perinatal e na infância. Objetivo: identificar a prevalência das infecções congênitas encaminhadas ao Centro de Referência e Treinamento em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias Orestes Diniz (CTR/DIP Orestes Diniz) e avaliar os métodos laboratoriais usados para o diagnóstico. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em ambulatório de referência em doenças infecciosas, a partir de coleta de dados de prontuários de crianças com diagnóstico suspeito de infecção congênita. A confirmação diagnóstica baseou-se em testes sorológicos ou de biologia molecular, além de descrição de sintomatologia da criança. Resultados: um total de 513 crianças foram identificadas, sendo que 41,3% tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado, a maioria foi de toxoplasmose (45,35%) e sífilis (15,98%). Entre as crianças com diagnóstico confirmado, 28,85% apresentaram manifestações clínicas, enquanto que no grupo com diagnóstico indeterminado ou suspeito o percentual foi de 16,38%. As principais manifestações identificadas foram acometimento do sistema nervoso central (n=39) e alterações visuais (n=30). Conclusão: a confirmação de infecção foi definida em aproximadamente metade dos pacientes avaliados e a maioria das crianças foi assintomática ao nascimento. O pré-natal de qualidade e a propedêutica e tratamento precoce das crianças identificadas podem reduzir o impacto dessas infecções no nosso meio.(AU)
Introduction: congenital infections are results of microorganisms transmitted to the fetus by the infected pregnant. Most newborn infants infected during pregnancy or labor have no sings of congenital disease. However, these infections may cause perinatal and infancy morbidity and mortality. Objective: to determine the prevalence of congenital infections in newborns and infants attended at the CTR/DIP Orestes Diniz (Centro de Treinamento e Referência em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias Orestes Diniz) and to analyse the laboratorial methods used for diagnosis of congenital disease of assisted children. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in an Infectious Diseases Reference Center where it was evaluated the charts of infants with suspected congenital infection. Diagnosis confirmation was based on serological tests, molecular biology and signs and symptoms described in the charts. Results: A total of 41,3% of the 513 children identified have had a defined diagnosis. Most of them had toxoplasmosis (45,35%) and syphilis (15,98%). Clinical manifestations was observed in 28,85% of children with defined diagnosis of congenital infection, and in 16,38% of children with uncertain diagnosis. Central Nervous System (n=39) and ocular (n=30) manifestations were the most frequent findings. Conclusions: Defined diagnosis was possible in about half of cases and most of them were asymptomatic at birth. An appropriate prenatal care and early diagnosis and treatment of congenital infections may reduce the impact of disease in the population.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Sífilis Congênita , Toxoplasmose Congênita , Dengue/congênito , Hepatite B/congênito , Troca Materno-Fetal , Brasil , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Febre de Chikungunya/congênito , Infecção por Zika virus/congênito , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A sífilis congênita (SC) é um agravo prevenível, mas o Brasil ainda apresenta alta prevalência da doença, com consequente morbimortalidade perinatal. Objetivo: Avaliar a abordagem de sífilis em gestantes e seus recém-nascidos encaminhados para centro de referência. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de março de 2012 a abril de 2013. A coleta de dados foi realizada em prontuários de pacientes referenciados com SC, considerando critérios estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Os dados foram analisados pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) e o estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: Um total de 31 recém-nascidos foi encaminhado devido à triagem materna com Venereal Disease Research Laboratory(VDRL) materno positivo durante a gestação, com 4 mulheres adequadamente tratadas. Treze recém-nascidos apresentaram alteração no hemograma e1 apresentou alteração óssea, 28 deles com tratamento adequado. Discussão: Quando se considera adequação de tratamento de acordo com as diretrizes nacionais, poucos casos de sífilis na gestação são considerados adequadamente tratados. Isso impacta na assistência ao recém-nascido, que, muitas vezes,é submetido a propedêutica invasiva e tratamento extenso, embora na maioria das vezes seja assintomático. Conclusão: O seguimento das recomendações para o tratamento da sífilis na gestante tem sido, frequentemente, considerado inadequado, o que dificulta a eliminação da SC.
Congenital syphilis (CS) is a preventable disease, but its prevalence is still high in Brazil, with consequent perinatal morbidity and mortality.Objective: To evaluate the approach of syphilis in pregnant women and their newborns referred to the referral center of Orestes Diniz, in Belo Horizonte.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2012 to April 2013. Data collection was performed on the medical records of patients referred with CS, considering the criteria established by the Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed using SPSS and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 31 newborns were referred due to a positive result in maternal testing with Venereal Disease Research Laboratory during pregnancy. However, only four women have been adequately treated in accordance with the Ministry of Health. Thirteen newborns presented alterations inblood cells count, one had bone rarefactions, and 28 presented proper information of treatment. Discussion: When considering the adequacy of treatmenta ccording to the national guidelines, few cases of syphilis during pregnancy can be considered adequately treated. This affects the assistance to the newborn,who is often subjected to invasive investigation and extensive treatment, although most are asymptomatic. Conclusion: The follow-up of recommendations for the treatment of syphilis in pregnant women has often been considered inadequate, making CS difficult to eliminate