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OBJECTIVE: Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is an adipokine whose production is significantly altered in metabolic disorders. Considering the relationship between dysfunction of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling and metabolic disorders as well as the inhibitory effects of SFRP1 on this signaling pathway, the present work aimed to investigate the correlation between serum SFRP1 levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its developing risk factors for the first time. METHODS: This case-control study measured serum levels of SFRP1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, adiponectin, and fasting insulin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in 80 T2DM patients and 80 healthy individuals. Biochemical parameters were determined using the AutoAnalyzer instrument. RESULTS: The T2DM group had higher levels of SFRP1 compared with the controls (146.8100 ± 43.61416 vs 81.9531 ± 32.78545 pg/mL; P < .001). There was a positive correlation between SFRP1 and insulin (r = 0.327, P = .003), TNF-α (r = 0.420, P < .001) as well as homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.328, P = .003) in the T2DM group. In addition, 10-unit changes in SFRP1 levels showed the risk of T2DM in both the unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI] = 1.564 [1.359-1.800]) and adjusted models accounting for age, gender, and body mass index (OR [95% CI] = 1.564 [1.361-1.799]; P < .001). A cut-off value of SFRP1 (105.83 pg/mL) was identified to distinguish between the T2DM patients and the healthy subjects, with sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 80.0%. CONCLUSION: According to our research, there was a significant and positive link between the amount of SFRP1 and the likelihood of developing T2DM as well as the related factors like insulin resistance index and TNF-α. These results indicated that SFRP1 might have a potential role in the development of T2DM.
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Background: Therapeutic interventions for diabetes are one of the main components of treatment and having proper physical activity in these patients is important from different physical, psychological, and social aspects. The benefits of exercise in these people include improved cardiovascular health and increased self-confidence, contributing to maintaining proper weight, controlling blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, and lowering insulin levels. The objective of this study was to assess the baseline levels of growth hormones and cortisol and the response of these 2 hormones to 1 session of moderate-intensity exercise in type 2 diabetic patients and to compare them with healthy individuals. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental and applied study, with a pretest and posttest design and with 1 control group. Participants included 12 healthy people without diabetes and 12 patients with type 2 diabetes aged over 30 years who were referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Tohid hospital, Kurdistan, Iran. After describing the objectives and hypothesis of the study and the implementation method, informed consent was obtained from all participants. SPSS Version 22 software was used for data analysis and coding. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used to assess data distribution. A paired t test, an independent t test, the Wilcoxon test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare outcomes between the 2 groups before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 24 individuals were included: 5 men and 7 women were included in the diabetic group and 7 men and 5 women were included in the healthy group. The mean duration of diabetes in the diabetic group was 7.82 years. The results showed that there was no reason for rejecting a relationship between 1 session of moderate-intensity exercise and increased growth hormone secretion in healthy individuals (p=0.010), but the relationship between this factor and increased growth hormone secretion in the diabetic participants could be strongly rejected (p=0.900). Also, 1 session of the moderate-intensity exercise was not significantly correlated with cortisol secretion in healthy and diabetic participants (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that baseline growth hormone levels in healthy participants were higher than those of diabetic participants and 1 session of moderate-intensity exercise significantly increased the growth hormone secretion but did not significantly increase the cortisol secretion.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetes is one of the concerns of today's public health and patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of death due to cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with over 10 years history of type 2 diabetes mellitus referred to the Sanandaj Diabetes Clinic. METHODS: In this study, 400 patients with type 2 diabetes who had over 10 years history of diabetes were selected and the required information was prepared based on taking their history and files. Finally data were analyzed using T-test, Chi-square and Fisher test methods. RESULTS: In this the mean duration of diabetes was 14.59⯱â¯4.07 years. 95.25% of patients had dyslipidemia. The frequency of history of cardiovascular events was 78.25%. 12.25% of patients had a history of ischemic heart disease and 82.75% had a history of high blood pressure. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of cardiovascular events with hypertension, HDL level and family history of early cardiovascular disease (pâ¯<â¯0.05). CONCLUSION: The high risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients it strongly emphasizes the need for quick and serious approaches to prevent cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.