RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Fusarium species are among the most important fungi in the medical, veterinary and agricultural fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 172 strains of these fungi have been analyzed. The high molecular weight DNAs were extracted from 23 reference strains as well as from 149 isolated Fusarium species. Using the designed nucleotide primers from rDNA of Fusarium species, PCR analysis was performed for the amplification of ITS regions. Afterwards, the location of the effective endonuclease enzymes has been evaluated within approximately 930 bp of rDNA sequence. RESULTS: Through the selected enzymes including; HhaI, MspI, TaqI and FaqI, the mentioned Fusarium species have been divided into 33 groups. The first three enzymes were able to classify Fusarium species into 23 groups of which 19 groups included one member, one group included two members and three groups included three members of the Fusarium species. This study also revealed the possibility in the identification of F. semitectum, F. solani complex, F. pseudograminearum, F. nisikadoi, F. coeruleum and F. acuminatum species by one unique enzyme. In addition, our study indicated the ability of the differentiation of F. Compactum from F. equiseti. CONCLUSION: As Compared to previous studies with more endonuclease enzymes and with limited in identifications, the ITS-RFLP patterns reported here an attempted to evaluate most of the Fusarium species successfully.
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This article documents the addition of 83 microsatellite marker loci and 96 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Bembidion lampros, Inimicus japonicus, Lymnaea stagnalis, Panopea abbreviata, Pentadesma butyracea, Sycoscapter hirticola and Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorph: Rhizoctonia solani). These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Pentadesma grandifolia and Pentadesma reyndersii. This article also documents the addition of 96 sequencing primer pairs and 88 allele-specific primers or probes for Plutella xylostella.
Assuntos
Primers do DNA/genética , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Ecologia/métodos , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Zearalenone (ZON) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by plant pathogenic species ofFusarium. As a consequence of infection withF. culmorum andF. graminearum, ZON can be found in cereals and derived food products. Several countries have established monitoring programs and guidelines for ZON levels in grain intended for human consumption and animal feed. We have developed a sensitive yeast bioassay allowing detection of the estrogenic activity of ZON in cereal extracts without requiring further clean up steps. The high sensitivity makes this assay suitable for low cost monitoring of contamination of small grain cereals with estrogenicFusarium mycotoxins, but also attractive as a tool for basic research. We have successfully used yeast indicator strains to screen for mutants ofF. graminearum which no longer produce detectable amounts of ZON, and have identified a plant cDNA encoding a ZON detoxification enzyme.
