Manifestation of Spontaneous Rupture of the Urinary Bladder in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder (SRUB) during pregnancy is a potentially fatal event that necessitates immediate surgery. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the symptoms, causes, associated factors, and prognosis of SRUB in pregnancy. We searched the literature from inception until December 2022 using the Cochrane Central Register, PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles not in English and those unrelated to the topic were excluded. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for case reports was employed for the risk of bias assessment. The search strategy yielded 312 citations; 29 full-text articles were evaluated for eligibility after screening. Five case reports were included in this review. The age range of the cases was 27-39 years. Four cases were in their second trimester of pregnancy, and one was in her third. Two cases had undergone previous cesarean sections, and one had an appendectomy and salpingectomy due to an ectopic pregnancy. One case reported a history of alcohol and drug abuse. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, abdominal distension, oliguria, voiding difficulty, hematuria, fever, and vomiting. The diagnosis of SRUB was primarily made via emergency laparotomy due to the patients' critical conditions. Beyond its diagnostic role, laparotomy was also the treatment method in all cases. Tear repair, antibiotic therapy, and urinary catheterization were all integral parts of the treatment. Four cases resulted in an uneventful pregnancy and a healthy, full-term baby. In one case, a hysterectomy was performed due to a combined uterus and bladder rupture. SRUB often presents with non-specific symptoms, leading to a delayed diagnosis. A high index of suspicion is essential when a pregnant woman exhibits urinary symptoms and severe abdominal pain, especially in those with a history of previous surgery. Early detection and treatment of SRUB are critical for an uneventful recovery.

Machine learning approach to predict postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most serious clinical problem of childbirth that contributes significantly to maternal mortality worldwide. This systematic review aims to identify predictors of PPH based on a machine learning (ML) approach. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This review adhered to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol. The review is scheduled to begin on 10 January 2023 and end on 20 March 2023. The main objective is to identify and summarise the predictive factors associated with PPH and propose an ML-based predictive algorithm. From inception to December 2022, a systematic search of the following electronic databases of peer-reviewed journal articles and online search records will be conducted: Cochrane Central Register, PubMed, EMBASE (via Ovid), Scopus, WOS, IEEE Xplore and the Google Scholar search engine. All studies that meet the following criteria will be considered: (1) they include the general population with a clear definition of the diagnosis of PPH; (2) they include ML models for predicting PPH with a clear description of the ML models; and (3) they demonstrate the performance of the ML models with metrics, including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity. Non-English language papers will be excluded. Data extraction will be performed independently by two investigators. The PROBAST, which includes a total of 20 signallings, will be used as a tool to assess the risk of bias and applicability of each included study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required, as our review will include published and publicly accessible data. Findings from this review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-review journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: The protocol for this review was submitted at PROSPERO with ID number CRD42022354896.

The Effect of Auriculotherapy on the Stress and the Outcomes of Assistant Reproductive Technologies in Infertile Women.

BACKGROUND: Infertility means failure to achieve pregnancy after one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertile women may experience severe stress and depression. Numerous studies have indicated that auriculotherapy could reduce stress. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of auriculotherapy on the stress and the outcome assisted reproductive technology in infertile women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a clinical trial that was conducted on 56 infertile women aged 20-45, who were assigned into two groups of intervention and control, from November 2014 to November 2015. The control group only received the routine treatments, while the intervention group, in addition to their routine treatment, received auriculotherapy for 8-10 sessions during menstrual cycle. Both groups completed Newton's Fertility Problem Inventory in three stages. The datasets collected for the study were analyzed using independent t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Chi-square test. RESULTS: The mean score of stress in the intervention group decreased significantly, compared to the control group prior to the embryo transfer and pregnancy test stages. Although insignificant, the rate of pregnancy in the intervention group was higher than the control group. There was a significant increase in the rate of clinical pregnancy in the intervention group, compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that auriculotherapy might be effective in reducing stress and improving the outcome of assisted reproductive treatment.