Artificial intelligence in radiology: Are Saudi residents ready, prepared, and knowledgeable?

OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge and perception of artificial intelligence (AI) among radiology residents across Saudi Arabia and assess their interest in learning about AI. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study carried out among radiology residents enrolled in the Saudi Board of Radiology, Saudi Arabia. An anonymized, self-administered questionnaire was distributed in April 2020 and responses were collected until July 2020. RESULTS: A total of 154 residents filled the questionnaire. The top 3 aspects of AI participants wanted to learn were: clinical use of AI applications, advantages and limitations of AI applications, and technical methods. Approximately 43.5% of participants did not expect AI to affect job positions, while 42% anticipated that job positions will decrease. Approximately 53% expected a reduction in reporting workload, while 28% expected an increase in workload. CONCLUSION: Currently, the exposure of radiologists to the use of AI is inadequate. It is imperative that AI is introduced to radiology trainees and that radiologists stay updated with advances in AI to be more knowledgeable on how to benefit from it.

Assessment of the Etiologies and Outcomes of Antenatal Hydronephrosis in Patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

Background Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is the most common congenital abnormality. It is often detected during pregnancy through an antenatal ultrasound (US) examination. This condition is defined as the dilatation of the renal pelvis and/or calyces in neonates. Little is known about ANH and its associated etiology and outcomes, especially in the Middle East. This study aims to determine the outcome of patients diagnosed with ANH between 2011 and 2017. Methods The current study was a retrospective analysis of data collected from the medical records of 64 ANH patients (45 male, 19 female). We collected data regarding the demographic characteristics, fetal parameters, laboratory and radiological parameters, and medical and surgical interventions. Moreover, based on radiological reports patients were classified into one of the following two groups: good prognosis, including patients with improved or resolved ANH and poor prognosis, including patients with progressing ANH and associated complications such as parenchymal scarring, chronic kidney disease complicated by secondary hypertension. Results Overall, 48.4% of patients exhibited good prognosis, whereas 51.6% exhibited poor prognosis. Among the 64 patients, 53.1% of patients exhibited unilateral ANH, and 46.9% exhibited bilateral ANH. Also, unilateral ANH and bilateral ANH had good prognoses in 41.2% and 56.7%, respectively, while unilateral and bilateral ANH had poor prognosis in 58.8% and 43.3%, respectively. Conclusions Additional prophylactic measures should be taken to avoid complications, such as urinary tract infection (UTI), as our study found that patients who have ANH are more prone to develop UTI. Patients with several ANH comorbidities are associated with poor prognosis.

Knowledge of diabetic foot care management among medical students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate medical students' knowledge of diabetic foot care management and its related factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 303 students studying at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia conducted from June to July 2019. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. The first one captured student information; the second assessed student knowledge. It consists of 68 true and false questions divided into 4 subscales (risk factors, foot examination, foot complications and footwear selection). The higher the total score is, the higher the students' knowledge. RESULTS: The total average knowledge score was 55.5±5.5 out of 68. While the mean score was 14.11/16 for risk factors, 9.24/10 for foot examination, 24.21/32 for foot complications, and 7.88/10 for footwear selection subscales. Only 56.4% of students educated diabetic patients about diabetic foot risks;concurrently, only 63% performed foot examinations in diabetes patients. Students who educated diabetic patients, preformed foot exam, or attended extra elective clinical rotation in a diabetic foot team, had a significantly higher knowledge level. Conclusion: Students were found to have high level of knowledge regarding diabetic foot management. Students who educated patients about diabetic foot risk, performed foot examination on patients and students who took elective rotations in a diabetic foot care team had a higher knowledge level.

The Perception of Medical Students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Regarding the Liver Transplant Allocation System.

BACKGROUND: The benefit of liver transplantation is not only to increase the patient's lifetime but also for persistent relief of pain and anxiety. Shortage of the organ is the main hindrance of transplantation around the world, leading authorities to pass a general law for the reasonable distribution of organs and come up with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) system which scores the severity of liver disease and risk of mortality in order to detect the mechanism of allocation.  Objective: This study aims to assess medical students' perception of the liver transplant and allocation system. METHODS:  A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 402 medical students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS:  The majority of the medical students (84.4%) believed that a successful liver transplant improves both lifetime and quality of life. Most of the students also saw that the minimum survival rate should be five years after transplantation and that the patient should recover to be at least ambulatory, even if restricted by strenuous physical activity. When asked whether urgency or prospect of success defined a successful transplant, most of the students who chose urgency were preclinical (50.7%), while the prospect of success was the dominant answer chosen by students in their clinical years of study (66.1%). CONCLUSION:  The criteria determining the success of a liver transplant include a gain in both lifetime and quality of life. The majority of respondents wanted the capacity to benefit to be considered in the liver allocation system.