[Onco-TESE and testicular cancer]. / Onco-TESE et cancer du testicule.

INTRODUCTION: Fertility preservation is essential before cancer treatment. When ejaculated sperm preservation is not possible, testicular tissue can be surgically collected by Onco-TESE technic (Oncological Testicular Sperm Extraction) to isolate sperm. We report on our experience with Onco-TESE in testicular cancer patients at the Rouen University Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study including all pubescent men, treated for testicular cancer, uni- or bilateral, before any carcinological therapy, who have undergone Onco-TESE at the Rouen University Hospital. Fragment weight, detection of sperm or its precursors were analysed. A histological interpretation of the testicular tumor was carried out. For each positive sample, straws were kept at the French Sperm Bank. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients had an Onco-TESE: 58.34% severe sperm alteration (SSA) and 41.36% sperm collection failure (SCF), between 1996 and 2019. The mean age was 26.6 (±5.29) years. The mean procedure and length of stay were 71minutes (±30.7) and 3.75 days (±2.83), respectively. The rate of positive testicular biopsies (TB) was 58.33% overall and 66,67% in the case of TB on tumour testis. One patient had a Clavian-Dindo III complication. The mean number of straws preserved per patient was 14.28 (±15.34) for 7.14% use. CONCLUSION: Our results seem to confirm that Onco-TESE is an effective solution for preserving fertility in men with testicular cancer in cases of SSA or SCF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

[The thermoformable spiral metallic stents in the treatment of localized ureteral stenosis: an alternative to JJ stent? Prospective multicenter study]. / Les endoprothèses métalliques spiralées thermoformables dans le traitement des sténoses urétérales localisées : une alternative aux sondes double J ? Étude prospective multicentrique.

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of thermoformable metallic spiral stents Memokath(®) 051 (Bard, Pnn Medical) in the treatment of localized ureteral stenosis in non-operable patients who have JJ ureteral stents. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective, descriptive and multicenter study of patients with ureteral strictures treated with metallic ureteral stents Memokath(®) 051. Assessment criteria (recurrent stenotic, permeability, tolerance) were measured by clinical, biological and radiological examination at 1 month, and then every 3 months. RESULTS: Fifteen stents (average length: 9.15 cm, range 6-15 cm) were implanted in 14 patients (mean age: 55 years, range: 38-72 years) with secondary suspended ureteral stenosis during 2 years in two centers. The median follow-up was 11 months (range 6 to 24 months). Technical difficulty was observed with two patients. Stents are still up in four patients. The stenosis recurred in four patients with spontaneous progression of stenosis but without endoprosthetics tissue invasion. Two and three migration were observed with spontaneous expulsions. Two lower urinary infections and one high occurred, resolved on antibiotic therapy, no inlay or hematuria, no pain (mean VAS score=3/10) or urinary disorders of the lower unit have been identified. CONCLUSION: Stents Memokath(®) 051 are well tolered and seem to position themselves as an interesting alternative to JJ ureteral stent in some frails patients. The refinement of contraindication should help to improve the stent's efficacity and to reduce the risk of migration and expulsion.

A novel surgical technique for management of vesicoureteral reflux following kidney transplantation: prospective study of 12 cases.

The incidence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) varies between 10% and 80% of transplanted kidneys. In cases of failure of endoscopic treatment or recurrent urinary tract infections, surgical correction is proposed by ureteral reimplantation or pyeloureteral anastomosis using the native ureter. The aim of this study was to assess the results of a technique that increases the submucosal length of the ureter without a ureterovesical reimplantation. We treated 12 patients with VUR in the transplanted kidney by open surgery. Retrograde cystography showed resolution of reflux in all the patients. Our technique has the advantage of avoiding ureteral dissection thereby avoiding its devascularization and no invasion of the bladder mucosa.

[Impact of chronic pelvic pain on sexual functions and fertility]. / Retentissement sur la sexualité et la fertilité des douleurs pelvipérinéales chroniques.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize current knowledge on prevalence, characteristics and ethiopathogenical hypothesis concerning sexuality and fertility dysfunctions in patients with chronic pelvic pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of articles published on this subject in the Medline (PubMed) database, selected according to their scientific relevance. RESULTS: In the male subject, most frequent sexual dysfunctions are erectile dysfunction and ejaculation disturbance (premature ejaculation, painful ejaculation). Chronic epididymal and testicular pain has a negative impact on the quality of sexual intercourse and satisfaction of both partners. Association between lower urinary tract symptoms--frequent in the event of chronic pelvic pain syndrome--and sexual dysfunction has been proved. Change in spermatic parameters exists in the event of chronic pelvic pain syndrome, but their impact on male fertility has not yet been established. In the female subject, sexual dysfunction is less studied. However, effect of chronic pelvic and perineal pain on female patient sexuality cannot be ignored, as they can affect all components of the sexual cycle. There is no data published on the link between infertility and chronic pelvic and perineal pain in the female subject. CONCLUSIONS: Allowing to the frequency of sexual dysfunction and its impact on quality of life, sexual function assessment must be a part of every consultation for chronic pelvic and perineal pain.

[Epididymal and testicular chronic pain]. / Approche symptomatique des douleurs épididymo-testiculaires chroniques.

OBJECTIVE: To list clinical and ethiopathogenical elements relevant to the analysis of an epididymal and testicular pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of published articles on the subject in the Medline(®) (PubMed(®)) database, selected according to their scientific relevance. RESULTS: Assessment of a chronic epididymal and testicular pain is mostly clinical and should: (1) eliminate local urological disorder; (2) suggest a neurological problem, based on signs and semiology; (3) suggest injury of nervous truncus according to medical history and scars; (4) detect referred pains, primarily back and thoracolumbar pains. The causal link between epididymal cysts, surgical aftereffect, local infection and chronic epididymal and testicular pain is not established with certainty. Spermatic cord nerve block, as a diagnostic test, should be done before undergoing any invasive procedure. CONCLUSION: The fundamental notion is being able to distinguish epididymal and testicular pain and scrotal pain, because the testis has an abdominal origin, and therefore a sympathetic instead of sacral innervation. An absence evident somatic or iatrogenous cause should suggest hypersensibility to pain. Assessment of an epididymal and testicular pain requires a global clinical examination, which should take into account every aspect of the pain, including its functional and emotional components.

[Pelvic sexual pain]. / Approche symptomatique des douleurs sexuelles chroniques.

OBJECTIVE: To colligate the clinical and ethiopathogenical elements to take into account in the assessment of sexual activity-related chronic pelvic and perineal pain, in the male as well as in the female subject. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Review of articles and consensus conferences published on this subject in the Medline (Pubmed) database, selected according to their scientific relevance. RESULTS: In the female subject, only dyspareunia has benefitted from a consensual definition. Deep dyspareunia must start investigations in search of pelvic organs disorders, endometriosis, painful bladder syndrome adhesions. Superficial dyspareunia can be a part of provoked vestibulodynia. Vaginismus can be linked to a local disorder, but can also be caused by an excess of nociception. In the male subject, painful ejaculation must start investigation in search of a local urological disorder. It can also be of iatrogenous origin, or be included in a chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Although less documented, other pelvic and perineal pain syndrome, coitus-related or not, exist in the male subject. CONCLUSION: Assessment of these sexual dysfunctions is primarily based on history taking and clinical examination. In the absence of systematically researched organic disorder, these pains can be part of functional disorders, in which case a global assessment must be undergone, by taking into account all aspects of the pain, including emotional aspects.

[Input from a specialized nurse consultation in the management of detrusor overactivity treated with intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin in urology department. Pilot study]. / Apports d'une consultation infirmière spécialisée dans la prise en charge de l'hyperactivité détrusorienne traitée par injections intradétrusoriennes de toxine botulique dans un service d'urologie. Expérience pilote.

OBJECTIVES: To adapt in daily practice, in a urology department, recommendations for good clinical practice for follow-up of neurological patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity treated with injections of botulinum toxin type A by involving a referent nurse in neuro-urology. METHOD: A nurse consultation in neuro-urology has been created in June 2007 to intervene at each follow-up consultation at D0, D8, D45, then by phone until reappearance of functional signs to organize a new injection of botulinum toxin. This pilot study evaluated the faisability, the input on clinical workload, and the benefit on relationship between the patient and the caregiver. RESULTS: An improvement of the quality of care has been given to the patient since first contact to follow-up. The number of neurological patient transfers and waiting time between the recurrence of functional signs and new therapeutic care were reduced. The number of medical consultations has been reduced saving time to redistribute on other activities. Knowledge improvement and privileged relationship with the patient and the doctor were reported by the referent nurse. CONCLUSION: The participation of a referent nurse in neuro-urology has improved the quality of care of these patients from first contact to follow-up and has allowed adaptation of the recommendations in the practice of caring of an urology department.

[T1 bladder carcinoma: prognostic value of the muscularis mucosae invasion (T1a/T1b). A multicenter study by the French Urological Association (CCAFU)]. / Tumeur urothéliale de vessie T1 : valeur pronostique du franchissement de la muscularis mucosae (T1a/T1b). Etude multicentrique du Comité de cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie (CCAFU).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this multicenter study was to determine the prognostic value of the depth of invasion of lamina propria and more specifically the influence of the invasion of the muscularis mucosae on survival parameters in T1 bladder carcinoma. PATIENTS: Six urological centers included patients between 1994 and 2004 who had an initial T1 bladder tumor. All T1 tumors were substaged according to the muscularis mucosae (MM) invasion into T1a (no invasion beyond the MM) and T1b (invasion beyond MM but preserving the muscle). Among the 387 patients included, 269 (69.5%) were found T1a and 118 (30.5%) T1b. Mean follow-up was 45.4 months. T1a and T1b groups were comparable except for tumor grade that was higher in T1b (p<0.001). RESULTS: Survival without recurrence was not significantly different between T1a and T1b groups (p<0.3) but T1a stage was found as an independent factor for survival without progression (RR=0.49; IC 95%=[0.71-0.90]), specific survival (RR=0.33; IC 95%=[0.16-0.67]) and global survival (RR=0.52; IC 95%=[0.32-0.85]). CONCLUSION: This study, the largest on the subject to our knowledge, have shown that muscularis mucosae invasion was a prognostic factor for survival without progression, specific survival, and global survival. We support that routine pathological assessment of the level of MM invasion in patients with stage T1 bladder cancer should be included in the histopathological report.

Rapid screening of cryopreservation protocols for murine prepubertal testicular tissue by histology and PCNA immunostaining.

Numerous parameters have to be tested to identify optimal conditions for prepubertal testicular tissue banking. Our study evaluated 19 different cryopreservation conditions for immature testicular tissue using a rapid screening method. Immature mice testes were cryopreserved using either 1,2-propanediol (PROH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 0.75 or 1.5 M using a controlled slow-cooling rate protocol with (S+) or without seeding (S+). Equilibration was performed either at room temperature or at 4°C for 15 or 30 minutes. Seminiferous cord cryodamage was determined by scoring morphologic alterations. Cell proliferation ability was evaluated using a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody. Testes cryopreserved with optimal conditions were grafted into immunodeficient mice. The highest proportions of PCNA-positive nuclei and lowest morphologic alterations were observed with 1.5 M DMSO. Tissues were more altered with 0.75 M DMSO or PROH. Complete germ cell maturation was observed after allografting of testicular pieces previously frozen with 1.5 M DMSO, S+, 30 minutes. The 1.5 M DMSO, S+ or S+ protocol preserved prepubertal mice testicular tissue architecture and germ cell and Sertoli cell proliferation potential. Allografting of thawed testis fragments into immunodeficient mice confirmed that the 1.5 M DMSO, S+, 30 minutes protocol maintained testicular somatic and germ cell functions. Postthaw histologic evaluation and PCNA immunostaining are useful to rapidly test numerous freeze-thaw parameters. They may also be efficient tools to control human prepubertal frozen testis quality, within the context of a clinical application.