RESUMO
The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is frequent in infancy and childhood. It is caused by a prolonged upper respiratory airway obstructioon during sleep, and adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most important cause. OSAS may have an impact on physical and cognitive development, but syntoms in children are subtle and may pass unrecognised. Polysomnography is the gold standard technique for OSAS diagnosis and surgical approach with adenotonsillectomy is the most frequently treatment indicated. Early diagnosis and treatment and adequate follow up are important to prevent physical disturbances secondary to chronic hypoxemia and to avoid cognitive deficits associated with disrupted sleep architecture.
Assuntos
Tonsila Faríngea/cirurgia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologia , Tonsilite/complicações , Tonsilite/cirurgia , Adenoidectomia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Polissonografia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/etiologia , Privação do Sono/diagnóstico , Privação do Sono/etiologia , Sono REM/fisiologia , TonsilectomiaRESUMO
El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) esun problema prevalente en la infancia. Se produce como consecuencia de una obstrucción de la vía áerea superior, siendo su principal causa la hipertrofia adenoamigdalar. Da lugar al desarrollo de alteraciones fisicasy cognitivas, aunque sus manifestaciones clínicas sonsutiles en la niñez. La polisomnografia nocturna es la técnica recomendada para su diagnóstico y el tratamiento de elección es la adenoamigdalectomía.Un diagnóstico y un tratamiento precoz será importantepara prevenir trastornos secundarios a la hipoxemia crónica y déficits cognitivos asociados a la fragmentación del sueño
The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is frequent in infancy and childhood. lt is caused by a prolonged upper respiratory airway obstructioon during sleep, and adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most important cause. OSAS may have an impact on physical and cognitive development, but syntoms in children are subtle and may pass unrecognised. Polysomnography is the gold standard technique for OSAS diagnosis and surgical approach with adenotonsillectomy is the most frequently treatment indicated. Early diagnosis and treatment and adequate follow up are important to prevent physical disturbances secondary to chronic hypoxemia and to avoid cognitive deficits associated with disrupted sleep architecture
