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1.
West Afr J Med ; 40(4): 414-420, 2023 04 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37120756

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be associated with metabolic complications including bone loss. To further inform guidance on screening and treatment of bone disease, we evaluated the impact of HIV and ART on vitamin D (VD) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) among HIV-infected and uninfected Nigerians. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected participants and uninfected matched controls, who were recruited from a large clinical site in Jos, Nigeria. Calcaneal ultrasonography was used to assess BMD. VD levels were determined using electrochemiluminescence binding assay, with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) defined as <25 ng/ml. RESULTS: There were 241 participants (61 ART-experienced, 60 ART-naïve, and 120 HIV-uninfected), and the mean age was 39±10 years; 66% were female. VDD was present in 70.5% (95% CI:64.3­76.2%) of all participants; occurring in 70.0% of ART-experienced, 73.0% of ART-naïve and 69.0% of HIV-uninfected controls (p = 0.84). Overall, the prevalence of low BMD was 21.1% (95% CI: 16.1­26.8%); being present in 24.5% of ART-experienced, 26.6% of ART-naïve and 16.6% of HIV-uninfected controls (p = 0.22). Only female sex (OR 6.82; 95% CI:1.93­24.0, p <0.001) was significantly associated with low BMD in the HIV group. No HIV-specific factor including ART use and type was associated with low BMD. CONCLUSION: VDD and low BMD are both prevalent among HIV-infected and uninfected individuals in Nigeria. HIV, ART use, and VDD were not associated with low BMD.


CONTEXTE: L'infection par le VIH et la thérapie antirétrovirale (ART) peuvent être associées à des complications métaboliques, y compris la perte osseuse. Afin d'éclairer davantage les conseils sur le dépistage et le traitement des maladies osseuses, nous avons évalué l'impact du VIH et de la thérapie antirétrovirale sur les niveaux de vitamine D (VD) et la densité minérale osseuse (DMO) chez les Nigérians infectés et non infectés par le VIH. MÉTHODES: Nous avons mené une étude transversale auprès de participants infectés par le VIH et de témoins appariés non infectés, recrutés dans un grand centre clinique de Jos, au Nigeria. L'échographie calcanéenne a été utilisée pour évaluer la DMO. Les taux de vitamine D ont été déterminés à l'aide d'un test de liaison par électrochimiluminescence, la carence en vitamine D étant définie comme <25 ng/ml. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait 241 participants (61 ayant déjà reçu un traitement antirétroviral, 60 n'ayant jamais reçu de traitement antirétroviral et 120 non infectés par le VIH), et l'âge moyen était de 39±10 ans ; 66% étaient des femmes. La DMV était présente chez 70,5 % (IC 95 % : 64,3-76,2 %) de tous les participants ; elle était présente chez 70,0 % des personnes ayant déjà reçu un traitement antirétroviral, 73,0 % des personnes n'ayant jamais reçu de traitement antirétroviral et 69,0 % des témoins non infectés par le VIH (p = 0,84). Globalement, la prévalence d'une faible DMO était de 21,1 % (IC à 95 % : 16,1-26,8 %) ; elle était présente chez 24,5 % des personnes ayant déjà reçu un traitement antirétroviral, 26,6 % des personnes n'ayant jamais reçu de traitement antirétroviral et 16,6 % des témoins non infectés par le VIH (p = 0,22). Seul le sexe féminin (OR 6,82 ; 95% CI:1,93-24,0, p <0,001) était significativement associé à une faible DMO dans le groupe VIH. Aucun facteur spécifique au VIH, y compris l'utilisation et le type d'ART, n'a été associé à une faible DMO. CONCLUSION: La DMV et la faible DMO sont prévalentes chez les personnes infectées ou non par le VIH au Nigéria. Le VIH, l'utilisation d'un traitement antirétroviral et la DMV ne sont pas associés à une faible DMO. Mots-clés: Densité minérale osseuse, VIH, Ostéopénie, T-score, Vitamine D.


Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas , Infecções por HIV , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Densidade Óssea , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/etiologia
2.
West Afr J Med ; 38(5): 478-485, 2021 May 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34051721

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke mortality has been shown to be higher in blacks in multiracial studies. It is also a very important cause of disability with its attendant deterioration in the quality of life in survivors. OBJECTIVE: The study sought to determine the risk and prognostic factors associated with stroke in Jos, North Central Nigeria. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of stroke patients that were followed up for 90 days to determine outcomes. The stroke patients were admitted into the neurology unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital between September 2016 and August 2018. RESULTS: We recruited a total of 246 subjects comprising 131 (53.3%) males aged 59.5 ± 13.1 years and 115 (46.6%) females aged 56.7 ± 14.2 years. Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and alcohol consumption were the commonest risk factors identified. The 90-day case fatality rate of stroke was 22%. Elevated glycated haemoglobin (p = 0.001), loss of consciousness at presentation (p <0.001), atrial fibrillation (p= 0.022), cardiac disease (p < 0.001) and HIV infection (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with poor outcome for stroke. Furthermore, subjects with a high NIHSS had three times the risk of death compared with those with low scores (RR = 2.93; 95% CI = 2.38 - 3.61, p <0.001). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of stroke was poor. The predictors of poor stroke outcome were coma, HIV infection, cardiac disease, high NIHSS and total cholesterol.


HISTORIQUE: L'AVC est la deuxième cause de décès dans le monde. La mortalité par accident vasculaire cérébral s'est avérée plus élevée chez les Noirs dans les études multiraciales. C'est également une cause très importante d'invalidité avec la détérioration de la qualité de vie des survivants. OBJECTIF: L'étude visait à déterminer le risque et les facteurs pronostiques associés à un AVC à Jos, au centre-nord du Nigéria. MÉTHODES: Une étude de cohorte prospective de patients victimes d'un AVC qui a été suivie pendant 90 jours pour déterminer les résultats. Les patients victimes d'unAVC ont été admis dans l'unité de neurologie de l'hôpital universitaire de Jos entre septembre 2016 et août 2018. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons recruté un total de 246 sujets comprenant 131 (53,3%) hommes âgés de 59,5 ± 13,1 ans et 115 (46,6%) femmes âgées de 56,7 ± 14,2 ans. L'obésité, l'hypertension, la dyslipidémie et la consommation d'alcool étaient les facteurs de risque les plus courants identifiés. Le taux de mortalité par accident vasculaire cérébral à 90 jours était de 22%. L'hémoglobine glyquée élevée (p = 0,001), la perte de conscience à la présentation (p <0,001), la fibrillation auriculaire (p = 0,022), les maladies cardiaques (p <0,001) et l'infection à VIH (p = 0,001) étaient significativement associées à de mauvais résultats pour coup. En outre, les sujets avec un NIHSS élevé avaient trois fois le risque de décès par rapport à ceux avec desscores faibles (RR = 2,93; IC à 95% = 2,38 - 3,61, p <0,001). CONCLUSION: Le pronostic de l'AVC était mauvais. Les facteurs prédictifs d'un mauvais pronostic d'AVC étaient le coma, l'infection par le VIH, les maladies cardiaques, un NIHSS élevé et le cholestérol total. MOTS CLÉS: Prédicteurs, pronostic, accident vasculaire cérébral.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia
3.
Health Technol (Berl) ; 11(6): 1297-1304, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35251887

RESUMO

The challenges of reliably collecting, storing, organizing, and analyzing research data are critical in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa where several healthcare and biomedical research organizations have limited data infrastructure. The Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) System has been widely used by many institutions and hospitals in the USA for data collection, entry, and management and could help solve this problem. This study reports on the experiences, challenges, and lessons learned from establishing and applying REDCap for a large US-Nigeria research partnership that includes two sites in Nigeria, (the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos (CMUL) and Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH)) and Northwestern University (NU) in Chicago, Illinois in the United States. The largest challenges to this implementation were significant technical obstacles: the lack of REDCap-trained personnel, transient electrical power supply, and slow/intermittent internet connectivity. However, asynchronous communication and on-site hands-on collaboration between the Nigerian sites and NU led to the successful installation and configuration of REDCap to meet the needs of the Nigerian sites. An example of one lesson learned is the use of Virtual Private Network (VPN) as a solution to poor internet connectivity at one of the sites, and its adoption is underway at the other. Virtual Private Servers (VPS) or shared online hosting were also evaluated and offer alternative solutions. Installing and using REDCap in LMIC institutions for research data management is feasible; however, planning for trained personnel and addressing electrical and internet infrastructural requirements are essential to optimize its use. Building this fundamental research capacity within LMICs across Africa could substantially enhance the potential for more cross-institutional and cross-country collaboration in future research endeavors.

4.
Acta Chir Belg ; 106(1): 96-7, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16612925

RESUMO

Hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus is still a serious problem in both underdeveloped and developing countries. Clinical signs of the disease are not specific. Most patients have no symptom or sign when a hydatid cyst is discovered. Symptoms depend on its complications, location and size. Parasite can settle in every organ and tissue in the human body. We report two cases with diaphragmatic hydatid disease with no other cyst present.


Assuntos
Diafragma , Equinococose , Doenças Musculares/parasitologia , Criança , Equinococose/complicações , Equinococose/patologia , Equinococose/cirurgia , Equinococose Hepática/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
5.
Hum Hered ; 31(1): 42-6, 1981.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7250990

RESUMO

Dermatoglyphic features of 200 male and 200 female normal Southern Nigerian negroes have been analysed. The frequency distributions of fingerprint patterns, digital and total ridge counts TRC, a-b scores and atd angles are given. In common with other races, the Southern Nigerian population showed the tendency for females to have more arches than males. Like the Zulus of Southern Africa, Southern Nigerian Negroes showed a significant sex difference in the atd angle but the Southern Nigerians have a significantly higher TRC than those previously reported for the Zulu. This study, contrary to previous studies, suggests that low TRC is not a negroid dermatoglyphic trait.


Assuntos
Dermatoglifia , Antropometria , População Negra , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria
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