Effect of intra-abdominal boric acid in the experimental adhesion model.

BACKGROUND: The continuous advancement in medical and surgical techniques has led to a rise in the frequency of abdominal operations, subsequently increasing the incidence of intra-abdominal adhesions. Over 90% of laparotomies result in postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. This study investigates the effect of a 5% boric acid solution on the development of intra-abdominal adhesions in rats, using an adhesion model. METHODS: This study was conducted with two groups: a control group, in which the adhesion model was applied without any treatment, and a boric acid group, which was treated with a 5% boric acid solution. Each group comprised 16 rats. On the 14th postoperative day, the rats were sacrificed, re-explored, and the developed adhesions were evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically. The data from macroscopic and microscopic scoring were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test in the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics 24 program. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. This research was supported by the Manisa Celal Bayar University Scientific Research Projects Commission. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed between the boric acid-treated group and the control group, with the boric acid group showing a significant decrease in adhesion development both macroscopically and microscopically (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In the future, boron could play a significant role in reducing and preventing intra-abdominal adhesions after surgery. This investigation could pave the way for further research into the mechanism by which boric acid prevents the development of intra-abdominal adhesions. Moreover, it is imperative to explore the potential side effects of intra-abdominal boron application at the optimum concentration of the solution.

The effect of motivational interviewing on peer bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: The study was carried out to investigate the effect of motivational interviewing on peer bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents. DESIGN: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The study population consisted of ninth-grade (aged 14 years) high school students (n = 200). The study was completed with 48 participants (intervention: 24; control: 24). The data were collected using the Participant Information Form, the Stages of Change Questionnaire, the Peer Bullying Scale, and the Cyberbullying Scale. The intervention group received a preparatory session and five weekly motivational interviewing sessions. Instruments were administered to both groups before the intervention, at the end of the last motivational interviewing session (post-test), and at 3rd- and 6th-month follow-ups. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and two-way mixed-design ANOVA with Bonferroni's test. RESULTS: In the pre-test, no statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups regarding mean scores for peer bullying and cyberbullying (p > 0.05). Following the motivational interviewing sessions, adolescents in the intervention group had a significantly lower mean score for peer bullying and cyberbullying than the control group at the post-test and follow-up tests (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that motivational interviewing effectively reduced peer bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among adolescents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nurses would implement motivational interviewing to prevent bullying behaviors in schools.

The effect of position change and abdominal massage on anxiety, pain and distension after colonoscopy: A randomized clinical trial.

CONTEXT: Pain, abdominal distention, and anxiety are major risk factors encountered after colonoscopy. Complementary and alternative treatments, such as abdominal massage and position change, are used to reduce the associated risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of position change and abdominal massage on anxiety, pain, and distension after colonoscopy. DESIGN: A randomized three-group experimental trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted with 123 patients who underwent colonoscopy at the endoscopy unit of a hospital located in western Turkey. METHODS: Three groups were formed: two interventional (abdominal massage and position change) and one control, each including 41 patients. Data were gathered using a personal information form, pre- and post-colonoscopy measurement form, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Pain and comfort levels, abdominal circumference values, and vital signs of the patients were measured at four evaluation times. RESULTS: In the abdominal massage group, the VAS pain scores and abdominal circumference measurements decreased the most and the VAS comfort scores increased the most 15 min after the patients were taken to the recovery room (p<0.05). Furthermore, bowel sounds were heard, and bloating was relieved in all patients in both intervention groups 15 min after they were taken to the recovery room. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal massage and position change can be considered effective interventions for relieving bloating and facilitating flatulence after colonoscopy. Moreover, abdominal massage can be a powerful method for reducing pain and abdominal circumference and increasing patient comfort.

Examining the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life through interviews conducted by nursing students: a qualitative study.

This study was aimed to determine the effects of the pandemic on life. This is a qualitative descriptive study and data were collected through semi-structured interviews (n = 200). The data were obtained by retrospectively examining the interviews made by the students between January and May 2021. The researchers prepared 'Participant Information Form' and 'Semi-Structured Interview Form', which were utilised as data collection tools during the interviews. The qualitative data acquired from the semi-structured interview using descriptive analysis. In the interviews, nursing students are in the role of interviewers. Participants were determined from among the relatives of the students. The research was structured and reported in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist. The data acquired regarding the effects of the pandemic on life were conceptualised under three themes (nine sub-themes): the meaning of the pandemic(1), the effects of the pandemic on life(2), and coping with the pandemic(3). The study revealed that the pandemic included individual meanings at levels of emotions (fear, hopelessness, loneliness, despair, and uncertainty) and cognition - behaviour (danger, attention-caution, restriction and awareness).Pandemic resulted in changes in the life routines of the participants, changes in mental and social spheres, and various effects as the effect of the disease such as pain.Spiritual approaches (prayer and positive thinking), as well as social support and healthy lifestyle habits, were the methods used to cope with the pandemic. It is recommended that psychiatric nurses plan and implement individual/social interventions based on a psychosocial approach in order to cope with the short and long-term effects of the pandemic. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04522-3.

A rare case liver hydatid cyst containing multiple calculi.

The hydatic cyst disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a potentially lethal, which can be found anywhere in the world, but especially in endemic areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, North Africa, Eastern Europe, the Balkans and Middle East. This parasite is mainly found in the liver (3/4 of the cases), being asymptomatic in most cases and discovered accidentally on a routine abdominal ultrasound or an ultrasound done for diagnosing other pathologies. Liver hydatid cyst threatment is multimodal, which includes medical, surgical, and interventional radiologic techniques. KEY WORDS: Complication, Echinococcus Granulosus, Lithiasis, Liver Hydatid Cyst.

Comparison of prolene and progrip meshes in inguinal hernia repair in terms of post-operative pain, limitation of movement and quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to compare the techniques applying prolene mesh and progrip-self fixating mesh in terms of post-operative pain, limitation of movement and quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted from November 2014 to January 2016 in Department of Surgery, Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital. The study recruited 50 male patients, aged 18 and over and was carried out as a double blinded procedure. Twenty-five patients were randomly selected to receive hernia repair by progrip self-fixating mesh and 25 patients were treated with hernia repair with suture fixation method by using prolene grafts, and patients' pain follow-up was performed with face-to-face or telephone interviews with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and return to daily routine activities were evaluated with SF-36 (Short Form-36) quality of life scale. Recurrent hernias and emergency cases were excluded. RESULTS: The pain scores were lower and a statistically significant difference was achieved in patients in whom progrip self-fixating mesh was used in the early postoperative period. Both methods gave statistically similar results in terms of pain and quality of life. CONCLUSION: In the literature, there are some evidence that the repair applied with progrip self-fixating graft has more positive outcomes compared to the repairs applied with suture fixation. It is concluded that there is a need for longer follow-ups and larger series of cases in order to achieve a definite result.

The effect of music therapy during colonoscopy on pain, anxiety and patient comfort: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: and purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of music therapy on pain, anxiety, and patient comfort during colonoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a randomized, controlled, intervention study, which included 112 patients that underwent colonoscopy. The patients were randomized into the intervention group (n = 56) that was given 30-minute music therapy during the colonoscopy and the control group (n = 56) without any intervention other than routine nursing care. The data were collected using an information and observation form, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: The pain and anxiety scores were lower in the intervention group whereas comfort score was higher than control group (p < 0.05). The pain and anxiety levels of the patients in the intervention group decreased after the colonoscopy and their comfort levels increased. CONCLUSIONS: The music therapy reduced pain and anxiety, increased comfort during colonoscopy.

The adipocyte hormone leptin sets the emergence of hippocampal inhibition in mice.

Brain computations rely on a proper balance between excitation and inhibition which progressively emerges during postnatal development in rodent. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission supports inhibition in the adult brain but excites immature rodent neurons. Alterations in the timing of the GABA switch contribute to neurological disorders, so unveiling the involved regulators may be a promising strategy for treatment. Here we show that the adipocyte hormone leptin sets the tempo for the emergence of GABAergic inhibition in the newborn rodent hippocampus. In the absence of leptin signaling, hippocampal neurons show an advanced emergence of GABAergic inhibition. Conversely, maternal obesity associated with hyperleptinemia delays the excitatory to inhibitory switch of GABA action in offspring. This study uncovers a developmental function of leptin that may be linked to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders and helps understanding how maternal environment can adversely impact offspring brain development.

Double acute appendicitis in appendical duplication.

Duplication of the vermiform appendix is a rare congenital abnormality and usually found incidentally during laparotomy. The Modified Cave-Wallbridge classification is used to describe the location of the appendixes in relation to each other and to the cecum as well as the extent of the duplication. We report a 45-year-old patient who underwent laparotomy for acute abdominal pain. The operative finding was double acute appendicitis in appendical duplication. The appendixes were removed separately, as it was type B duplication. Since appendectomy is the most common abdominal operation, all surgeons should keep this rare clinical entity in mind.

Longitudinal profile changes in an Anatolian Turkish population.

The goal of this study was to assess longitudinal changes in the facial soft tissue profile in relation to age and gender in young Anatolian Turkish subjects. A total of 30 subjects (15 females and 15 males) with an Angle Class I occlusal relationship and normal antero-posterior (ANB, 2-4 degrees) skeletal relationships were selected from the archive of Dicle University. All subjects were of Anatolian Turkish heritage, and none had any apparent facial disharmony or had undergone orthodontic therapy. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at T1 (mean age 8.8 years), T2 (mean age 13.8 years), and T3 (mean age 17.8 years) were separately investigated. Non-gender-specific research was also carried out at the same time periods. In total, 24 measurements were analysed longitudinally. Differences between the genders were determined using independent t-tests. Repeated measures analysis of variance tests were used to evaluate repeated measurements, and paired sample t-tests to compare inside effects between the genders. Significant increases (P < 0.05) were found with age for both females and males. Generally, the increases were greater in males than in females. Nasal prominence increased more than chin prominence, resulting in a tendency to have convex profiles.

Effects of listening ability on speaking, writing and reading skills of children who were suspected of auditory processing difficulty.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of listening ability on speaking, writing and reading skills of children who was suspected of auditory processing difficulty (APD). METHOD: This research was conducted with 67 children in 1st or 2nd grade of primary school. The first group (Group I-control) was comprised of 41 children without APD. The second group (Group II-study group) was comprised of 26 children with APD. Listening, speaking, reading and writing skills were evaluated by Observational Rating Scale (ORS) and analyzed in both groups. RESULTS: Listening value of ORS in APD group was significantly lower; and, speaking, reading and writing values of ORS in APD group were significantly higher than control group (p=0.000). It was also found that, the main effect of listening skills was on speaking in normal childs, and on writing ability in children with APD. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that, for school-aged children, APD can lead to or is associated with difficulties in written language.

Longitudinal changes in dental arches from mixed to permanent dentition in a Turkish population.

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontists can benefit from understanding occlusal changes during every stage of human development. The growth and development period is influenced by environmental factors, nutrition, and ethnic variations; systemic health and individual variations can also occur. Our aim in this study was to investigate the longitudinal changes in dental arch dimensions during the transition from mixed dentition (T1) to permanent dentition (T2) in children living in Turkey. METHODS: Sixty-five patients (36 girls, 29 boys) with complete records from the mixed dentition to the early permanent dentition stages were included in this study (total, 130 dental casts). All casts (T1 and T2) had been prepared in centric relation by wax bites, and 14 parameters were measured on these casts. RESULTS: The initial parameters in this Turkish population showed sexual dimorphism; however, during the observation period (T2-T1), there was no sexual dimorphism in arch dimension changes. There were significant changes in arch width parameters (especially in girls), overjet, and overbite in Turkish children between the midmixed and the permanent dentitions. CONCLUSIONS: These results should be useful in planning orthodontic treatment for patients in the mixed and early permanent dentition.

Nonsurgical correction of an adult skeletal class III and open-bite malocclusion.

This case report presents an adult skeletal Class III and open-bite malocclusion case treated without surgical intervention using fixed edgewise technique, reverse headgear, and Class III and anterior box elastics. The patient was a 16-year-old Turkish female who had completed her growth and development. She had a four mm open bite, maxillary retrognathia, a crossbite in the anterior and left posterior, and hypoplasia of the maxillary laterals. In addition, the patient's first molars had previously been extracted because of caries, and extraction spaces were present. We applied a Roth edgewise appliance and a reverse headgear to be used at night only for the first six months. The objective in using a reverse headgear was to displace the maxillary teeth toward the mesial and to rotate the maxilla in a clockwise direction. In the mandible, we retracted the mandibular incisors and canine teeth and moved the second molars mesially toward the first molar extraction space. There would thus be no need for any prosthetic restoration in the mandible. At the end of treatment, we obtained a Class I dental relationship, an ideal occlusion relationship, and an esthetic dental and facial relationship. Treatment of the patient was completed in 20 months.