Recent advances in emerging integrated anticorrosion and antifouling nanomaterial-based coating solutions.

The rapid progress in the marine industry has resulted in notable challenges related to biofouling and surface corrosion on underwater infrastructure. Conventional coating techniques prioritise individual protective properties, such as offering either antifouling or anticorrosion protection. Current progress and innovations in nanomaterials and technologies have presented novel prospects and possibilities in the domain of integrated multifunctional coatings. These coatings can provide simultaneous protection against fouling and corrosion. This review study focuses on the potential applications of various nanomaterials, such as carbon-based nanostructures, nano-metal oxides, polymers, metal-organic frameworks, and nanoclays, in developing integrated multifunctional nano-based coatings. These emerging integrated multifunctional coating technologies recently developed and are currently in the first phases of development. The potential opportunities and challenges of incorporating nanomaterial-based composites into multifunctional coatings and their future prospects are discussed. This review aims to improve the reader's understanding of the integrated multifunctional nano-material composite coating design and encourage valuable contributions to its development.

Chemically controlled megasonic cleaning of patterned structures using solutions with dissolved gas and surfactant.

Acoustic cavitation is used for megasonic cleaning in the semiconductor industry, especially of wafers with fragile pattern structures. Control of transient cavitation is necessary to achieve high particle removal efficiency (PRE) and low pattern damage (PD). In this study, the cleaning performance of solutions with different concentrations of dissolved gas (H2) and anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) in DIW (DI water) on silicon (Si) wafers was evaluated in terms of PRE and PD. When only DIW was used, PRE was low and PD was high. An increase in dissolved H2 gas concentration in DIW increased PRE; however, PD also increased accordingly. Thus, we investigated the megasonic cleaning performance of DIW and H2-DIW solutions with various concentrations of the anionic surfactant, SDS. At 20 ppm SDS in DIW, PRE reached a maximum value and then decreased with increasing concentration of SDS. PRE decreased slightly with increasing concentrations of SDS surfactant when dissolved in H2-DIW. Furthermore, PD decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of SDS surfactant in both DIW and H2-DIW cases. A high-speed camera setup was introduced to analyze bubble dynamics under a 0.96 MHz ultrasonic field. Coalescence, agglomeration, and the population of multi-bubbles affected the PRE and PD of silicon wafers differently in the presence of SDS surfactant. We developed a hypothesis to explain the change in bubble characteristics under different chemical environmental conditions.

Facile synthesis of nano cauliflower and nano broccoli like hierarchical superhydrophobic composite coating using PVDF/carbon soot particles via gelation technique.

We have elucidated a cost effective fabrication technique to produce superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF/DMF/candle soot particle and PVDF/DMF/camphor soot particle composite) porous materials. The water repellent dry composite was formed by the interaction of non-solvent (methanol) into PVDF/carbon soot particles suspension in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). It is seen that longer quenching time effectively changes the surface morphology of dry composites. The nano broccoli like hierarchical microstructure with micro or nano scaled roughen surface was obtained for PVDF/DMF/camphor soot particle, which reveals water contact angle of 172° with roll off angle of 2°. However, composite coating of PVDF/DMF/candle soot particle shows nano cauliflower like hierarchical, which illustrates water contact angle of 169° with roll off angle of 3°. To elucidate the enhancement of water repellent property of PVDF composites, we further divulge the evolution mechanism of nano cauliflower and nano broccoli structure. In order to evaluate the water contact angle of PVDF composites, surface diffusion of water inside the pores is investigated. Furthermore, the addition of small amount of carbon soot particles in composite not only provides the crystallization of PVDF, but also leads to dramatical amendment of surface morphology which increases the surface texture and roughness for superhydrophobicity.