A Comparison of Pre- and Postbreakfast Tooth Brushing in Caries Prevention through the Estimation of Streptococcus mutans Counts: A Prospective Clinical and Microbiological Study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of prebreakfast tooth brushing (PrBTB) and postbreakfast tooth brushing (PoBTB) with or without a prebrushing rinse in caries prevention through the estimation of Streptococcus mutans count. Materials and Methods: Sixty consenting dental students were divided into three age-matched groups of 20 each and instructed to follow prebreakfast, postbreakfast tooth brushing, and prebreakfast rinsing plus PoBTB using the Bass technique. Plaque samples were collected at the start and at the end of every quarter for a total of 6 quarters (18 months) for the evaluation of S. mutans colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. The decayed missing filled surface (DMFS) index of participants was also recorded and compared at the beginning and end of the study period. Results: The post-breakfast tooth brushing group with pre-breakfast rinse (RPoBTB) and without pre-breakfast rinse (PoBTB) showed a highly significant reduction in total S. mutans CFU counts per ml (38% and 29% respectively) at the end of the study. The changes in DMFS value were not significant and did not show any correlation with the S. mutans counts. Conclusion: Our study revealed that PoBTB with or without a prebreakfast rinse reduces the total counts of the cariogenic bacteria S. mutans more efficiently than PrBTB. Although further proof in the form of clinical trials is essential, this study provides the proof of concept for a minor change in the tooth brushing habit, which can significantly enhance caries prevention.

A Qualitative Study of the Impact of COVID 19, on Health Care Providers for Cancer Patients: An Original Research.

INTRODUCTION: In the challenging times of the COVID-19, the care of individuals with the debilitating diseases such as cancers has been an additional burden to the medical team. We aim to find out about the obstacles for the clinical care of the patients in the COVID, the questions frequently asked by cancer patients, and the medical care and support teams' general experience in taking care of cancer patients during the times of the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a Qualtrics survey that was developed by Cancer and Aging Research Group among 275 health care providers to cancer patients during. There were twenty questions in the survey. Of these 20, three open-ended questions were included that inquired about the barriers to the clinical care of cancer patients during COVID-19; the questions asked to the health care team by cancer patients or the attendants; health care teams general experience in the situations of the COVID-19. Two different reviewers performed the quality analysis for the open-ended questions after they were assigned a code. SPSS ver-23 was used for the descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Medical services organizational difficulties and addressing necessities and support were generally reported. Hindrances to the medical health teams included the included administrative difficulties, access of the patient to the support and basic resources, uncertainties for patients' psychological and physical well-being, and teleconsultation challenges. The most common concern of the patients was the safety and the need for the treatment. Medical health care teams were seen to worry for the mental and the physical health of cancer patient. There was also reported concern for the medical team's own safety, obstruction in multi-level establishments; also the health team was seen feeling positive leadership and communications. CONCLUSION: The medical health provider teams felt a need for thorough support at the organizational level for cancer patients. Medical teams were expected to comprehend the short-term and long-term impact of the COVID-19 on cancer patients. It was accepted that there has been an increased workload and mental stress among the providers. Appreciating the experiences of the medical teams during the pandemic may help in the future guidance in the care of cancer patients.

Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Effect on Quality of Life: An Original Research.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is associated with the vascular and the neuronal damage of the eye leading to diabetic retinopathy (DR). The circadian rhythms and also the quality of life (QoL) are known to be impacted by the photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which are seen to be affected in the DR. Hence, we aim to find a relation between the DR and its impact on the life quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thousand participants were equally divided into two groups of case and controls (DR). The control group was further divided into three subgroups based on the severity of the disease as proliferative and nonproliferative (mild, moderate, and severe). The impact on the QoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey-36. The collected data were analyzed for the various grades of the severity of DR on the quality of the life. RESULTS: There was a notable change between the case and the controls and the QoL deteriorated with the severity of the disease. However, these findings were insignificant statistically. CONCLUSION: DR impacts the QoL of the patients, and the severity of the disease is proportional to the worsening of the disease. Further, research is warranted for the association.

Corono-radicular biological restoration of maxillary central incisors by direct method.

This case report refers to the esthetic and functional restorations of extensively damaged maxillary central incisors with dental caries in a 32-year-old woman, with the use of posts and crowns made from natural extracted teeth. Proper restoration of such teeth with the use of natural teeth fragments are known as "biological restoration." Biological restorations can be done by using the fragments of the patients own tooth and if that is not available, tooth fragment can be obtained from an extracted tooth. These biological posts and crowns present a low cost option and an alternative technique for the morphofunctional recovery of extensively damaged teeth. There are limitations with the use of natural extracted teeth (homogenous bonding) for restoration such as the difficulty of finding teeth with a similar color and shape as that of the destroyed element, or patient may refuse to accept a tooth fragment from another patient, which prevents execution of the restoration.

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the anterior hard palate: A rare case report with review of literature.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are defined as neoplasms of large transformed B cells, i.e. with nuclear diameter more than twice that of a normal lymphocyte. These account for 30-40% of all adult non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Intraoral lymphomas are relatively rare and often difficult to diagnose in clinical settings. In this case report, we describe a case of primary DLBCL affecting the anterior part of the hard palate of an elderly male patient. DLBCL of anterior part of hard palate is yet to be reported in the English literature, even though DLBCL cases involving the posterior palate have been recorded, thus making the present case to be first of its kind. Emphasis has also been given on the subclassification, differential diagnosis and prognostic antibody factors determining the outcome of DLBCL.

Pathogenesis and nomenclature of odontogenic carcinomas: revisited.

Odontogenic carcinoma is rare group of malignant epithelial odontogenic neoplasms with characteristic clinical behavior and histological features, which requires an aggressive surgical approach. The pathogenesis of this rare group remains still controversial and there have been many varied opinions over the classification of this rare group of lesions. As there have not been many reviews on odontogenic carcinoma, the existing knowledge is mostly derived from the published case reports. This review is discussing the pathogenetic mechanisms and is updating the knowledge on nomenclature system of less explored odontogenic carcinomas. This review might throw light on the pathogenesis and nomenclature system of odontogenic carcinoma and this knowledge may be applied therapeutically.

Dentin dysplasia type 1d: a rare case.

Dentin dysplasia is a rare hereditary disturbance of dentin formation characterized by a defective dentin development with clinically normal-appearing crowns, severe hypermobility of teeth and spontaneous dental abscesses or cysts. Radiographic analysis shows obliteration of all pulp chambers by pulp stones, short, blunted and malformed or absent roots, peri-apical radiolucencies of noncarious teeth. We present a case of dentin dysplasia type 1d in a 19-year-old boy along with the clinical, radiographic findings of this condition and treatment. There are still many inconclusive issues in the diagnosis and management of patients with dentin dysplasia. The diagnostic features of this rare disturbance will remain incompletely defined until additional cases have been described.

Gorlin syndrome with bilateral polydactyly: a rare case report.

Gorlin's syndrome is a rare disorder transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. It is characterized by multiple disorders involving multiple systems. We present a case of 11-year-old male child presenting with multiple odontogenic keratocyst to the dental clinic. Retrograde diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome was made after clinical and radiological investigation. How to cite this article: Acharya S, Panda S, Dhull KS, Sahoo SR, Ray P. Gorlin Syndrome with Bilateral Polydactyly: A Rare Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(3):208-212.

Juvenile pleomorphic adenoma of masticator space: The first case report.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), also called benign mixed tumor, is the most common tumor of the salivary glands. About 90% of these tumors occur in the parotid gland and 10% in the minor salivary glands. Juvenile PAs are uncommon and about 5-10% of minor salivary gland PA affects patients aged 20 years and under. The most common sites of PA of the minor salivary glands are the palate followed by lips and cheek. Other rare reported sites include the throat, floor of the mouth, tongue, tonsil, pharynx, retromolar area and nasal cavity. The masticator space is a deep facial space with a complex anatomical structure where PA is not known to occur. Here, we report an unusual case of PA of left masticator space in a 16-year-old girl patient, which to the best of our knowledge is the first reported case in English language literature.

Giant pindborg tumor (calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor): an unusual case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Odontogenic tumors develop in the jaws from odontogenic tissues such as enamel organ, Hertwig epithelial root sheath, dental lamina, and so on. A variety of tumors unique to the maxilla and mandible are therefore seen. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, aggressive, benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin accounting for only about 1% of all odontogenic tumors. It is eponymously called "Pindborg tumor", as it was first described by Pindborg in 1955. The origin of this locally invasive tumor remains unknown. It is thought to arise from stratum intermedium. It commonly affects the posterior mandible manifesting as a slow-growing asymptomatic swelling often associated with an impacted tooth. We report a case of CEOT, for which, owing to its huge size we have proposed the term "giant" Pindborg tumor (CEOT). This is probably the largest case of this tumor reported so far in the English literature. The present case also has the classic yet rare "driven snow" appearance of the tumor on radiographs.

A Type III Dens Invaginatus with Unusual Helical CT and Histologic Findings: A Case Report.

Dens Invaginatus (DI) is a rare developmental anomaly which affects the tooth, which shows an infolding of enamel and dentine which extends into the pulp chamber and sometimes into the root. The aim of this case report was to describe its radiographic findings, to emphasize the bizarre morphology and the difficulties which are encountered in the diagnosis by using conventional radiographic techniques and the importance of computed tomography as a valuable diagnostic aid. Dens Invaginatus is clinically significant due to the possibility of an early pulpal involvement and the chronic periapical lesions are often associated with this anomaly without any clinical symptoms. Difficulties are encountered during the endodontic treatment, owing to the complex root canal anatomy; therefore, a proper radiologic evaluation by using different imaging modalities, is essential for its successful treatment.