Incidental Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Is Common After Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of incidental prostate cancer detection (iPCa) after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). The published rate of iPCa after HoLEP is widely variable from 7% to 23% and we aim to define preoperative risk factors for iPCa to inform risk-adjusted preoperative evaluation for PCa. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing HoLEP from 2018 to 2022 were included and comprehensive clinical data abstracted from a prospectively maintained database. iPCa was defined as a diagnosis of PCa on pathologic examination of the HoLEP specimen. Patients with and without iPCa were compared with respect to preoperative clinical variables. RESULTS: Of 913 HoLEP patients, 183 (20%) were diagnosed with iPCa. Most patients (95%) had a preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 9% had negative MRI, and 30% had negative prostate biopsy. On multivariable analysis, PSA density (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03, 1.10; P < .001), preoperative biopsy status (OR 0.47, CI 0.30, 0.75; P = .002), and current 5-alpha reductase inhibitor use (OR 0.64, CI 0.43, 0.97; P = .034), were associated with iPCa diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In a significantly prescreened population, we identified a 20% rate of iPCa after HoLEP. Preoperative characteristics associated with iPCa diagnosis included increasing age, increasing PSA density, and current 5-alpha reductase inhibitor use. However, these factors alone may be of limited clinical utility to prospectively identify patients at high risk of iPCa diagnosis. We suggest and advocate for development of a standardized, risk-adapted evaluation focused on expanded use of imaging and selective biopsy to prioritize identification of clinically significant PCa prior to nononcologic surgery.

Daily growth increments in otoliths of wild-caught honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens.

Otolith growth increments in wild-caught alizarin complex one (ALC)-marked honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens were examined to verify the veracity of the age determination method in cyprinids. ALC-marked G. caerulescens recaptured from their natural environment had lapilli increment counts outside the ALC ring mark that had formed on a daily basis during the juvenile stage. This apparently being the first direct evidence of daily periodicity of otolith increment formation in wild-caught cyprinids.