Salivary Amylase and Mucin in Chronic Periodontitis: Pre- /Posttherapy.

AIM: The study aims to investigate the potential of salivary amylase as a reliable biochemical marker for assessing periodontal disease progression, establishing a potential correlation between salivary amylase levels and periodontal disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 40 participants, aged 25-65, equally divided into a control and study group of 20 individuals each. Clinical parameters, such as oral hygiene index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed for amylase and mucin levels using a semi-auto analyzer and spectrophotometer, respectively. These clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers were evaluated before and after 45 days of phase I periodontal therapy. Statistical analysis, including independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and correlation analysis were performed to assess the treatment effectiveness and explore associations between clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers. RESULTS: The study group with chronic generalized periodontitis showed significantly higher salivary amylase (27022.5 ± 8598.9) and mucin levels (3258 ± 724.2) and worse clinical parameters than the control group at baseline. However, after phase I periodontal therapy, the study group exhibited reduced salivary biomarkers amylase (17924.0 ± 4703.6) and mucin (1828.45 ± 314.07) and improved clinical parameters, indicating the effectiveness of the treatment in enhancing periodontal health compared with the control group. Positive correlations were found between clinical parameters and salivary amylase/mucin levels both before and after therapy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Salivary amylase and mucin levels hold promise as valuable biomarkers for diagnosing active periodontal disease and evaluating treatment outcomes after phase I therapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Salivary biomarker comparison offers a noninvasive diagnostic tool for periodontal disease, improving early detection and personalized treatment planning. Further research is required to validate its clinical value fully.

Evaluation of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites, Resistin, and Red Complex Bacteria in Obese Subjects with or without Periodontitis.

AIM: The study's aim was to assess and compare the clinical parameters, plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) levels, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) resistin, serum resistin values, and red complex bacteria in obese or overweight subjects with and without periodontitis and also to determine the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on plasma ROM, serum, and GCF resistin values in obese or overweight subjects with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 160 subjects were recruited and designated into four groups with 40 subjects each as group I - obese with chronic periodontitis; group II - normal weight subjects with chronic periodontitis; group III - obese subjects with healthy periodontium; and group IV - normal weight subjects with healthy periodontium. The periodontal parameters, plasma ROM, GCF resistin and serum resistin, and red complex bacteria levels were estimated at baseline. After baseline assessment, scaling and root planing (SRP) were done in the patients of groups I and II. Two months after the completion of SRP, clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment loss (CAL), plasma ROM levels, serum resistin, and GCF resistin levels were analyzed. RESULTS: An increase in plasma ROM, GCF resistin, and red complex bacteria levels was observed in obese subjects with periodontal disease and the increase was noted in obese subjects with healthy periodontium. Comparing plasma ROM, GCF resistin values between groups I and II, 2 months after SRP, a decrease in these levels were observed in group II. CONCLUSION: Our study results depict that obesity can be considered as a risk indicator for periodontal disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Obesity has a negative impact on both general health and oral health. Promoting appropriate physical activity, healthy eating behavior, and oral hygiene practice are fundamental elements of the prevention of both obesity and periodontal disease.

Evaluation of Systemic Markers Related to Anemia in Aggressive Periodontitis Patients before and after Phase I Periodontal Therapy: An Interventional Study.

AIM: The main aim of the study was to evaluate the systemic markers related to anemia in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients before and after phase I therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the inclusion criteria, 15 patients with GAgP were allocated to two groups, group A (before phase I periodontal therapy) and group B (after phase I periodontal therapy). After 3 months, clinical parameters and hematological parameters were reevaluated. RESULTS: The hematological parameters like hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) counts were increased significantly after therapy in group B with a significant improvement in the plaque index score, gingival bleeding index score with a reduction of probing depth, and a gain in clinical attachment levels. CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study, it could be concluded that GAgP was associated with reduced RBC parameters suggesting that it may tend toward anemia of chronic disease (ACD). Nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) not only reverses the periodontal health by reducing the inflammation but also improves the anemic status. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Based on several studies, it was concluded that chronic periodontitis is associated with ACD. This study results indicate that like chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis is also associated with reduced RBC and Hb count suggesting the risk for ACD. So when a patient is diagnosed to have any chronic infectious disease that might lead to ACD, then it is mandatory to treat that particular disease in order to reduce the infection so as to reverse the anemic status of an individual.

Comparison of serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels in rheumatoid arthritis individuals with and without chronic periodontitis: A biochemical study.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is indicated to play a major function in chronic inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare the cytokine level (TNF-α) in the serum of chronic periodontitis (CP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), RA with CP, and healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This original research was carried out on 80 participants, divided into Group-I 20 RA patients, Group-II 20 CP patients, Group III 20 RA with CP (RA + CP), and Group IV 20 healthy volunteers. Clinical periodontal and rheumatological parameters were assessed in all the four groups. Blood serum samples have been collected from all individuals and investigated for levels of TNF-α by mean of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: TNF-α level were remarkably elevated in the RA+CP group (30.5±2.2) followed by RA group (17.9 ± 3.6), and CP group (11.9 ± 0.96) when compared with the controls (5.5 ± 3.3). The results showed a statistical significance of P < 0.001. Correlation was not observed on comparision of clinical periodontal parameters and Rheumatological parameters with TNF-α levels. CONCLUSION: The outcome of this present research revealed the presence of higher levels of TNF-α in individuals with RA with CP in our samples.