Fertility sparing treatment in patients with endometrial cancer (FERT-ENC): a multicentric retrospective study from the Spanish Investigational Network Gynecologic Oncology Group (SPAIN-GOG).

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to evaluate the response rate of conservative treatment for endometrial cancer, and the secondary objective was to assess oncological, fertility and obstetric outcomes in patients who underwent fertility preservation treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This multicentre, observational, retrospective study evaluated endometrial cancer patients who underwent fertility-sparing treatment in Spanish centres between January 2010 and January 2020. Seventy-three patients with stage IA endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus were included in the study. RESULTS: The levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) was the most common fertility-sparing treatment (53.4%), followed by megestrol acetate (20.5%) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (16.4%). During the 24-month follow-up period, the rate of complete response to fertility-sparing management was 74% (n = 54), and 8.2% (n = 6) of patients presented a partial response. Additionally, 13 (17.8%) patients presented with persistent disease and six (8.2%) relapsed after response. The LNG-IUD was associated with a higher complete response rate than the other methods (87.2 vs. 58.8%; p = 0.01). Surgical treatment (at least hysterectomy) was performed in 44 (60.3%) patients as the end of fertility-sparing treatment. Four (5.5%) patients presented relapse after surgery, associated with final FIGO stage III (p = 0.036), myometrial invasion > 50% (p = 0.018) and final tumour grade 2-3 (p = 0.018). The mean follow-up period was 57.8 (range 6-159) months. The 5-year relapse-free survival and overall survival rates were 92.6% [95% CI (81.3, 97.2)] and 93.5% [95% CI (80.7, 97.9)], respectively. During follow-up, three patients (4.1%) died of the disease after completion of surgical treatment. Up to 50.7% of patients included in the study attempted to get pregnant. Of these, the rate of pregnancy was 81.1% (n = 30/37), and reproductive techniques were used for this purpose in 78.4% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Fertility-sparing management presented a high response rate in patients with endometrial cancer. LNG-IUD was associated with a better response rate compared to the other treatment options. Moreover, in patients using this management method, pregnancy could be achieved using reproductive techniques.

Primary peritoneal clear cell carcinoma. A case report and literature review.

Primary peritoneal malignant tumors are exceptional. Among them, clear cell carcinoma is extremely rare, being only thirteen cases previously reported in the literature since 1990. We report a case of a 48-year-old Caucasian woman who was treated at the University General Hospital of Alicante. She consulted because of progressive abdominal pain over the last seven months, with the initial diagnosis of renal-ureteral colic. Ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a 25 × 15 cm, well-defined cystic lesion with papillary projections, centrally located in the abdomen. The radiology report suggested a primary ovarian tumor versus peritoneal implant as the first option. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy showing a large cystic mass located in the urinary bladder peritoneum, firmly attached to the mesentery. The entire abdominal tumor was completely excised, and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and infra-colical omentectomy were performed. The final histological study revealed a new case of primary peritoneal clear cell carcinoma located in the urinary bladder peritoneum, firmly attached to the mesentery. Grossly, it was well-circumscribed and multicystic with papillary growth involving part of the inner wall. Microscopically, it showed tubulocystic and papillary patterns with highly atypical tumor cells. After an extensive immunohistochemical analysis, the most relevant finding was an ARID1A loss that was corroborated by molecular analysis showing an ARID1A deletion. The patient received systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel protocol (Å ~ 4 cycles). Patient follow-up after the eighth month showed peritoneal implants predominantly in the right diaphragmatic cupule that were histologically confirmed as recurrence. She has just received another six cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Recognition of primary peritoneal clear cell carcinoma in this uncommon location, and exclude metastasis from the ovary, represents a diagnostic challenge.

Frecuencia de episiotomías en un hospital de tercer nivel / Frequency of episiotomy in a third-level hospital

OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia y correlación de las episiotomías y desgarros en pacientes con parto eutócico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo efectuado en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante en dos periodos: 1) 2008-2012 y 2) 2013-2018. Se incluyen los partos eutócicos de embarazos únicos, a término, en presentación cefálica. Variables de estudio: episiotomía, desgarro, edad, semanas de embarazo, paridad, inducción del parto, cesárea anterior, analgesia regional, peso y sexo del recién nacido. Los resultados se expresan en porcentaje, coeficiente de correlación y las variables implicadas con razón de momios (RM). RESULTADOS: La tasa de episiotomía entre el periodo 1 vs el 2 disminuyó de manera muy importante: de 42.3 a 32.8%; [p < 0.001; RM: 0.81 (0.78-0.84)]. En cambio, el porcentaje de desgarros aumentó: de 42.7 a 50.8%; (p < 0.001; RM: 1.16[1.13-1.20]). El coeficiente de correlación fue de -0.91. Uno de los factores de riesgo asociados con la episiotomía fue la edad menor de 35 años, con RM de 1.25; IC95%: 1.16-1.35; p < 0.001, pero fue un factor protector de desgarros con RM de 0.76; IC95%: 0.71-0.81; p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONES: La tendencia de la episiotomía es decreciente, mientras que la de desgarro es inversamente proporcional. No se encontraron diferencias en la tasa de desgarro de III y IV grado.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and correlation of episiotomies and tears of patients with eutocic deliveries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational and retrospective study carried out at the Hospital General de Alicante, Spain, in two periods: 1) 2008-2012 and 2) 2013-2018. Eutocic deliveries of single pregnancies, at term, in cephalic presentation are included. Study variables: episiotomies, tear, age, weeks of pregnancy, parity, labor induction, previous caesarean section, regional analgesia, weight and sex of the newborn. The results are expressed as a percentage, correlation coefficient and the variables involved with odds ratio. RESULTS: The episiotomy rate between period 1 vs. 2 decreased very significantly: 42.3% vs 32.8%; [p <0.001; OR: 0.81 (0.78-0.84)]. In contrast, the percentage of index tears: 42.7% vs 50.8%; (p <0.001; OR: 1.16 [1.13-1.20]). The correlation coefficient was -0.91. Regarding risk factors associated with episiotomy, one of them was the age under 35 years with an OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.16-1.35; p <0.001), but it was a OR protective factor (95% CI): 0.76 (0.71-0.81; p <0.001) for the appearance of tears. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency in the realization of episiotomies is decreasing, while the tendency of the appearance of tears is inversely proportional. No differences were found in the tear rate of III and IV grade.