Author Correction: Quantifying uncertainties of sandy shoreline change projections as sea level rises.

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Autochthonous cutaneous leishmaniasis in urban domestic animals (Felis catus / Canis lupus familiaris) from central-western Venezuela.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by intracellular protozoa of the Leishmania genus that are spread and transmitted by sandflies. Natural infection and clinical disease in domestic cats and dogs appear to be rare or perhaps largely under-reported in endemic areas. However, previous reports on infected domestic animals usually implicate the same Leishmania species that affect humans in tropical and subtropical areas of the world suggesting a potential role for zoonotic transmission. In the present study we assessed a representative sample of cats and dogs from endemic urban / suburban areas of Lara state in central western Venezuela. In both dogs and cats, cutaneous disease exhibits a spectrum of manifestations that range from single papules or nodules, which may evolve into ulcerative, plaque-like or scaly lesions. Cytochrome b (cyt b) PCR gene sequence analysis revealed L. mexicana as the causative agent in all cases, including two human cases proceeding from the same study area at the same time the study was carried out. In order to improve our understanding on feline/canine infection with Leishmania mexicana, and address potential zoonotic concerns it is necessary to characterize its enzootic reservoirs and vectors as well as the possible anthropophilic players linking to the peridomestic and domestic cycles.

Quantifying uncertainties of sandy shoreline change projections as sea level rises.

Sandy shorelines are constantly evolving, threatening frequently human assets such as buildings or transport infrastructure. In these environments, sea-level rise will exacerbate coastal erosion to an amount which remains uncertain. Sandy shoreline change projections inherit the uncertainties of future mean sea-level changes, of vertical ground motions, and of other natural and anthropogenic processes affecting shoreline change variability and trends. Furthermore, the erosive impact of sea-level rise itself can be quantified using two fundamentally different models. Here, we show that this latter source of uncertainty, which has been little quantified so far, can account for 20 to 40% of the variance of shoreline projections by 2100 and beyond. This is demonstrated for four contrasting sandy beaches that are relatively unaffected by human interventions in southwestern France, where a variance-based global sensitivity analysis of shoreline projection uncertainties can be performed owing to previous observations of beach profile and shoreline changes. This means that sustained coastal observations and efforts to develop sea-level rise impact models are needed to understand and eventually reduce uncertainties of shoreline change projections, in order to ultimately support coastal land-use planning and adaptation.

Poliquistosis renal autosomica recesiva: un caso de debut neonatal / Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease with neonatal: a case report

La enfermedad poliquistica renal autosomica recesiva (PQRAR) es una enfermedad hereditaria rara, debida a una mutación del gen PKHD1, caracterizada por la aparición de múltiples quistes renales de pequefio tamaño, afectación hepática y desarrollo de hipertensión arterial. Su forma de presentación más frecuente es la neonatal que, generalmente, cursa con nefromegalia grave, oligoamnios e hipoplasia pulmonar secundaria. Presentamos un caso de PQRAR diagnosticado a los 16 dias de vida al realizarse ecografía abdominal por distensión abdominal y palpación de masa bilateral, siendo confirmado, posteriormente, con estudio genético. Inicialmente se constató la existencia de hiponatremia asintomática con función renal normal y la presencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) con repercusión cardíaca en forma de hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo que se normalizó tras inicio tratamiento hipertensivo. Actualmente el paciente, que tiene 22 meses de edad y ha presentado varias infecciones del tracto urinario, continua tratamiento antihipertensivo con terapia múltiple y ha desarrollado enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) (AU)

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare hereditary disease caused by PKHD1, gene mutation, characterized by the appearance of multiple small cysts kidney, liver involvement and development of hypertension. Neonatal debut is the most common presentation which generally associates serious nephromegaly, oligoamnios and secondary pulmonary hypoplasia. We present a case of ARPKD diagnosed at 16 days of age by abdominal ultrasound performed by abdominal distension and bilateral palpation of mass; later it was confirmed by genetic study. Initially the baby had asymptomatic hyponatremia with normal renal function and hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy which disappeared after hypertension treatment. Currently the patient who is 22 months old has had several urinary tract infections; he continues under antihypertensive treatment with multiple therapy because of his difficult control hypertension and he has developed chronic renal failure (AU)

Efectividad de la vacuna de la varicela en el contexto de brotes escolares en una zona semiurbana / Varicella vaccine effectiveness in schoolchildren in outbreaks in a semi-urban area

OBJETIVO: Calcular la efectividad de la vacuna de la varicela en brotes escolares durante el curso académico 2009-2010. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo realizado en guarderías y/o colegios de educación infantil o primaria públicos de un municipio de la Región de Murcia, España. Los participantes fueron el alumnado de 1 a 12 años que acudía a la misma aula donde se produjo un brote de varicela. Las mediciones principales fueron: datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes clínicos y de vacunación y variables relacionadas con la enfermedad varicelosa obtenidos a través de un cuestionario autocumplimentado por padres y/o tutores y del registro regional informatizado de vacunas (VACUSAN). RESULTADOS: Se detectaron 51 brotes de varicela, con una mediana de 3 casos por brote en ambos niveles educativos. La cobertura vacunal global fue del 10,7% (IC del 95%, 8,63-13,18), siendo siempre muy superior en el alumnado de nacionalidad española frente al de nacionalidad extranjera (OR = 21,21; IC del 95%, 2,92-153,92; p < 0,001). Encontramos discrepancias entre los datos vacunales del cuestionario y el programa informatizado de vacunaciones (kappa=0,50 [IC del 95%, 0,43-0,58), p < 0,001). La tasa de ataque global según VACUSAN fue de 59,7 (IC del 95%, 55,82-63,43) en no vacunados y de 6,5 (IC del 95%, 2,54-15,45) en vacunados. Obtuvimos una efectividad global del 89,1% (IC del 95%, 74,55-95,35) y 100% para una y 2 dosis de vacuna, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Elevada efectividad de la vacuna de la varicela y muy especialmente en un esquema de vacunación de 2 dosis. Se han detectado discrepancias entre la información aportada por los padres y los registros informatizados regionales, así como una diferencia en la cobertura de vacunación en función de la nacionalidad

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine in school outbreaks during the academic year 2009-2010. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective cohort study in public day-care centers and/or schools in an area in the region of Murcia. Spain. The participants were all children of 1 to 12 years who were in the same classroom where there was an outbreak of varicella. The main measurements were the sociodemographic, clinical and vaccination data, as well as variables related to varicella disease obtained through a questionnaire self-completed by parents, and from the computerized regional immunization registry (VACUSAN). RESULTS: A total of 51 varicella outbreaks were detected, with a median of 3 cases per outbreak at both educational levels. The overall vaccination coverage was 10.7% (95% CI 8.63 to 13.18), always being higher in Spanish schoolchildren versus foreign (OR: 21.21, 95% CI: 2.92 to 153.92, P<.001). Discrepancies were found between the vaccine questionnaire data and vaccination program (kappa=0.50, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.58, P<.001). According to VACUSAN, the overall attack rate was 59.7 (95% CI: 55.82 to 63.43) in unvaccinated and 6.5 (95% CI: 2.54 to 15.45) in vaccinated children. An overall effectiveness of 89.1% (95% CI: 74.55 to 95.35) and 100% was obtained for 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high effectiveness of varicella vaccine, emphasizing that the administration of two doses of vaccine produces an adequate and optimal protection against varicella disease. A discrepancy was found between the information provided by parents and official records. Finally, there was a lower vaccination coverage in the immigrant community

[Varicella vaccine effectiveness in schoolchildren in outbreaks in a semi-urban area]. / Efectividad de la vacuna de la varicela en el contexto de brotes escolares en una zona semiurbana.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine in school outbreaks during the academic year 2009-2010. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective cohort study in public day-care centers and/or schools in an area in the region of Murcia. Spain. The participants were all children of 1 to 12 years who were in the same classroom where there was an outbreak of varicella. The main measurements were the sociodemographic, clinical and vaccination data, as well as variables related to varicella disease obtained through a questionnaire self-completed by parents, and from the computerized regional immunization registry (VACUSAN). RESULTS: A total of 51 varicella outbreaks were detected, with a median of 3 cases per outbreak at both educational levels. The overall vaccination coverage was 10.7% (95% CI 8.63 to 13.18), always being higher in Spanish schoolchildren versus foreign (OR: 21.21, 95% CI: 2.92 to 153.92, P<.001). Discrepancies were found between the vaccine questionnaire data and vaccination program (kappa=0.50, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.58, P<.001). According to VACUSAN, the overall attack rate was 59.7 (95% CI: 55.82 to 63.43) in unvaccinated and 6.5 (95% CI: 2.54 to 15.45) in vaccinated children. An overall effectiveness of 89.1% (95% CI: 74.55 to 95.35) and 100% was obtained for 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high effectiveness of varicella vaccine, emphasizing that the administration of two doses of vaccine produces an adequate and optimal protection against varicella disease. A discrepancy was found between the information provided by parents and official records. Finally, there was a lower vaccination coverage in the immigrant community.

Retraso mental de causa genética. Estudio observacional en una zona de salud / Intelectual disability of genetic cause. Observational study in an urban primary health care center

Introducción: se realiza una revisión del número de trastornos del neurodesarrollo en la población pediátrica de un centro de Atención Primaria de la ciudad de Zaragoza (España), con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia y la importancia creciente del diagnóstico genético. Material y métodos: se realiza una búsqueda de casos en el programa de historia clínica informatizada OMI6 con los siguientes términos: 'retraso mental', 'retraso del desarrollo', 'trastorno del desarrollo', 'autismo'. Resultados: se han obtenido 76 casos de trastornos del neurodesarrollo, que son el 2,19% de la población. Los diagnósticos principales fueron: 23 trastornos del lenguaje, 17 trastornos del aprendizaje, 11 de retraso mental, 10 casos de trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), 8 de retraso del desarrollo, 5 casos de dislexia, un caso de síndrome de Asperger y un caso de dispraxia motora. Se solicitó estudio genético en 21 casos, el 27,63% de los niños, siendo mucho más frecuente su realización en casos de retraso mental o TEA. Las pruebas genéticas proporcionaron el diagnóstico en 12 pacientes de los estudiados, un 57,14% de los casos. En general, se encuentra una causa genética en el 75% de los casos con diagnóstico establecido. Conclusiones: este estudio muestra que los trastornos del neurodesarrollo aparecen en nuestra población con una frecuencia similar a la descrita en la bibliografía médica. Los estudios genéticos permiten cada vez más un diagnóstico etiológico preciso (AU)

Introduction: we review the number of neurodevelopmental disorders in the pediatric population of a primary care center in Zaragoza, in order to determine the prevalence and the growing importance of genetic diagnosis. Material and methods: the research was carried out in the computerized medical record programme OMI6 with the following terms: 'mental retardation', 'development delay', 'development disorders' and 'autism spectrum disorders'. Results: 76 cases of neurodevelopment disorders have been got, which mean 2.19% of the population of study. The main diagnoses were: 23 language disorders, 17 learning disorders, 11 mental retardation, 10 cases of autism, 8 development delay, 5 cases of dyslexia, 1 case of Asperger´s syndrome and 1 case of dyspraxia. A genetic study was requested in 21 cases, which supposed the 27.63% of children, being more frequent implementation in cases of mental retardation or autism. Genetic test provided diagnosis in 12 patients of the study, which means the 57.14% of the cases. A genetic cause was found in the 75% of the cases with an established diagnosis. Conclusion: this study shows that neurodevelopmental disorders appear in our population with a similar frequency described in the literature. Genetic studies increasingly allow precise etiological diagnosis (AU)

Equine pythiosis: report in crossed bred (Criole Venezuelan) horses.

Pythium insidiosum is a pathogenic oomycete known since 1890 that causes pythiosis in mammals. In this report, seven P. insidiosum isolates were recovered from Venezuelan horses and were characterized. The strains were recovered from biopsied tissues and kunkers collected from granulomatous masses located on the hind limb and from a nodular lesion in the left upper eyelid, which decrease the ability of the horses to be used for working purposes. The methods used to identify P. insidiosum isolates were based on the production of sporangia and zoospores, histopathology and PCR assay. To further characterize these strains, portions of the 18S rRNA genes of the seven isolates were sequenced. The sequences showed high homology to previously described P. insidiosum DNA sequences available in GenBank. Similar studies based on the morphological, histological and molecular data identified the etiological agent in samples of granulomatous lesions in these equines as P. insidiosum. In America, the infection has been diagnosed more frequently in equines of Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and the United States of America.

Esquistosomiasis urinaria como causa de macrohematuria / Urinary schistosomiasis as a cause of macrohematuria

Introducción. La esquistosomiamsis es una parasitosis típicamente tropical pero, dado el aumento en el número de inmigrantes y el aumento del turismo a estas zonas, debe ser tendía en cuenta como enfermedad emergente. Objetivos. Presentar los casos clínicos atendidos en nuestro centro y actualizar la literatura existente. Material y métodos. Estudio de los pacientes diagnosticados en nuestro centro en los últimos dos años, recogiendo datos clínicos, analíticos, pruebas de imagen, diagnóstico de confirmación y tratamiento administrado. Resultados. Hemos atendido a 6 pacientes con esquistosomiasis urinaria. Todos eran varones procedentes de África y presentaban hematuria macroscópica. En la analítica destaca eosinofilia periférica. En todos se aisló Esquistosoma haematobium y fueron tratados con praziquan el vía oral, obteniendo curación en todos los casos. Conclusiones. En el diagnostico diferencial de hematuria macroscópica en paciente procedente de África debe incluirse la esquistosomiasis urinaria. La ecografía vesical muestra generalmente un engrosamiento de la pared (AU)

Introduction. Squistosomiasis is a typically tropical parasitosis, but in view of the increase in the number of immigrants of this one zone to our country and the increase of the tourism to these zones, must be born clinical situations in mind as emergent. Objective. To report the cases treated at our centre and comment the literature current in these moment. Material and method. We report all patient diagnosed in our centre in the last two years, gathering information about clinical features, image and diagnosis of confirmation, as well as the administered treatment. Result. In the last 2 years 6 patients have been diagnosed. All of them presented macroscospic hematuria minimum 1 month of evolution. They all were males proceeding form Africa. In all of them Squistosoma haematobium was isolated. All the cases were treated by praziquantel oral route, obtaining resolution in all of them. Conclusions. In the differential diagnosis of macrocospic hematuria in patient proceeding from Africa, urinary esquistosomiasis must be included. The vesical ultrasound scan usually shows a bladder thickening (AU)

Autoevaluación del cumplimiento del protocolo del traumatismo craneoencefálico en urgencias en mayores de un año / No disponible

No disponible

Eficacia y tolerancia de la tizanidina en espasmos musculares dolorosos / Efficacy and tolerabililty of tizanidine in painful muscular spasms

A través de un estudio multicéntrico nacional efectuado en cinco centros hospitalarios de la ciudad de México, se valoró la eficacia y tolerancia clínica de tizanidina. Se demostró que tenía una aplicación terapéutica en los síndromes de espasmo muscular doloroso presentes en la patología de cuello, hombro y espalda, resaltando su eficacia, la baja frecuencia y mínima severidad de efectos secundarios.