Androgenetic alopecia: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and component traits among Nigerian adults.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Works on AGA, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and MetS are rare among Nigerians. Aim: This study set out to determine the relationship among CVRFs, MetS, and AGA. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done among adults who were 18 years and above in selected communities in Ogbomoso on 260 consenting AGA participants as well as 260 age controls without AGA. They were matched for age and sex using a multistage sampling method. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile samples were collected. MetS was diagnosed using International Diabetes Federation criteria. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Ethical approval was gotten before commencement of the study (LTH/OGB/EC/2017/162). Result: Metabolic syndrome in AGA was higher than in controls (8.08% vs. 7.69%, p = 0.742). AGA was significantly associated with elevated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.008), low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-c) (p < 0.001), alcohol intake (p < 0.001), dyslipidaemia (p = 0.002), and sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.010). The correlates of AGA severity in male and female gender are age (p < 0.001 and 0.009 respectively), SBP (p = 0.024) and abdominal obesity (p = 0.027) in male gender. Conclusion: AGA in Nigerians is associated with dyslipidaemia, alcohol intake, and sedentary lifestyle. AGA severity is related to age, higher mean SBP, abdominal obesity and low HDL-c in male and age, and Body mass index in females. Nigerians with AGA should be screened for dyslipidaemia and counseled against the use of alcohol and sedentary lifestyle.

Vitamin D Level in Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hypovitaminosis D is a worldwide disorder, with a high prevalence in the general population. This study aims to assess the serum vitamin D level and its relationship with cluster for differentiation; CD4+T cells among HIV infected individuals on HAART. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 150 subjects attending the infectious disease Clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso and presently on antiretroviral treatment. Serum from blood samples collected was analyzed and diagnostic cut-off of (<30ng/ml) and (> 30ng/ml) were used as Deficient and Sufficient vitamin D respectively. Variables such as duration on ART, CD4 count and viral load were extracted from case notes of subjects. RESULTS: There was disproportionately more female than malesubjects with a male to female ratio of 1:3. Subjects were aged between 16 and 73 years with a mean age of 41.57 ± 10.62. Few subjects (5.3%) were underweight, 23.3% were overweight, and 26% were obese. The median CD4 count was 241.5 cells/mm3 and 72% of subjects were immunosuppressed. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 45.3% (n=68). CD4 count was associated with the level of serum vitamin D, p-value < 0.05. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among the studied HIV population. Our study found a significant correlation between serum vitamin D level and CD4 counts. It may be concluded that highly antiretroviral therapy HAART, improves CD4 level when there is sufficient vitamin D level, however, this merits further extensive exploration.

CONTEXTE ET OBJECTIF: L'hypovitaminose D est un trouble mondial dont la prévalence est élevée dans la population générale trouble mondial, avec une prévalence élevée dans la population générale. Cette étude vise à évaluer le taux sérique de vitamine D et sa relation avec le groupe de différenciation des cellules T CD4+ chez les personnes infectées par le VIH sous traitement antirétroviral. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale menée parmi 150 sujets qui fréquentent la clinique des maladies infectieuses du infectieuses du LAUTECH Teaching Hospital d'Ogbomoso et actuellement sous traitement antirétroviral. Le sérum des échantillons de sang prélevés a été analysé et les seuils de diagnostic de (<30ng/ml) et (> 30ng/ml) ont été utilisés comme carence et suffisance en vitamine D respectivement. Les variables telles que la durée du traitement antirétroviral, le nombre de CD4 et la charge virale ont été extraites des notes de cas des sujets ont été extraites des notes de cas des sujets. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait un nombre disproportionné de femmes parrapport aux hommes hommes, avec un rappor hommes/femmes de 1:3. Les sujets étaient âgés de entre 16 et 73 ans, avec un âge moyen de 41,57 ± 10,62 ans. Peu de sujets sujets (5,3 %) étaient en souspoids, 23,3 % étaient en surpoids et 26 % étaient obèses. 26 % étaient obèses. Le nombre médian de CD4 était de 241,5 cellules/ mm cube et 72 % des sujets étaient immunodéprimés. La prévalence de la carence en vitamine D était de 45,3 % (n=68). Le taux de CD4 était associé au niveau de vitamine D sérique, valeur p < 0,05. CONCLUSION: La carence en vitamine D était prévalente parmi la population la population VIH étudiée. Notre étude a trouvé une corrélation significative corrélation significative entre le taux de vitamine D sérique et le nombre de CD4. Il peut être conclu que le traitement hautement antirétroviral HAART améliore le taux de CD4 lorsque le taux de vitamine D est suffisant, cependant, cela mérite une étude plus approfondie. MOTS-CLÉS: Vitamine D, Hypovitaminose D, VIH/SIDA, HAART.

Prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among staff of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Aim: The aim was to describe the frequency of occurrence of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among selected university workers in Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Nigeria.Materials and Methods: A cross­sectional study of 206 staff of LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria had an assessment for nine traditional CV risk factors. Demographic and clinical parameters were taken. Blood sample was taken to determine the random blood sugar and lipid profile. 12­lead resting electrocardiography (ECG) was done for all participants. Statistical analysis was performed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)version 17.0 (Chicago Ill., USA)Results: The study population included 96 males (46.6%) and 110 females. The mean age was 45.3 ± 7.9 years (range 27-73 years). The prevalence of CV risk factors were as follows: Hypertension 84 (40.8%), visceral obesity 92 (44.7%), generalized obesity 79 (38.3%), low high density lipoprotein 113 (54.9%), impaired blood glucose 16 (7.8%), diabetes mellitus 3(1.5%),hypercholesterolemia 102 (49.5%), left ventricular hypertrophy­ECG 24 (11.7%), elevated low density lipoprotein­cholesterol 99 (48.1%). About ­ (72.3%) had two or more CV risk factors clustered together. Females had a higher prevalence of CV risk factors and its clusters than their male counterparts. Of those diagnosed with hypertension in this study, more than half had never been told they werehypertensive 48 (57.1%). Conclusion: This study suggests a very high prevalence of CV risk factors among University Staff in LAUTECH,Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Clustering of CV risk factors is more prevalent among women. Appropriate preventive strategy in terms of education and modification of risk factors are important to reduce the burden of CV diseases among this population

Prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among staff of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

AIM: The aim was to describe the frequency of occurrence of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among selected university workers in Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 206 staff of LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria had an assessment for nine traditional CV risk factors. Demographic and clinical parameters were taken. Blood sample was taken to determine the random blood sugar and lipid profile. 12-lead resting electrocardiography (ECG) was done for all participants. Statistical analysis was performed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (Chicago Ill., USA) Results: The study population included 96 males (46.6%) and 110 females. The mean age was 45.3 ± 7.9 years (range 27-73 years). The prevalence of CV risk factors were as follows: Hypertension 84 (40.8%), visceral obesity 92 (44.7%), generalized obesity 79 (38.3%), low high density lipoprotein 113 (54.9%), impaired blood glucose 16 (7.8%), diabetes mellitus 3 (1.5%), hypercholesterolemia 102 (49.5%), left ventricular hypertrophy-ECG 24 (11.7%), elevated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol 99 (48.1%). About - (72.3%) had two or more CV risk factors clustered together. Females had a higher prevalence of CV risk factors and its clusters than their male counterparts. Of those diagnosed with hypertension in this study, more than half had never been told they were hypertensive 48 (57.1%). CONCLUSION: This study suggests a very high prevalence of CV risk factors among University Staff in LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Clustering of CV risk factors is more prevalent among women. Appropriate preventive strategy in terms of education and modification of risk factors are important to reduce the burden of CV diseases among this population.

Antioxidant status and reproductive hormones in women during reproductive, perimenopausal and postmenopausal phase of life.

BACKGROUND: Reproductive aging resulting in menopause with permanent cessation of ovarian follicular activity. The progressive loss of estrogen and its protective effects, combined with deficient endogenous antioxidant results in oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of oxidative stress and its relationship with reproductive hormones at various developmental phases of women. METHODS: A total of 186 (65 in Reproductive, 58 in Perimenopausal, and 63 in Postmenopausal phase) participants between the ages of 20-60 years were recruited for the study. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, estradiol, total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH); activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were all determined. RESULTS: FSH, LH and MDA levels were significantly increased during perimenopausal and postmenopausal phases compared to reproductive phase; however, estradiol, progesterone, TAS and GSH levels were significantly decreased during perimenopausal and postmenopausal phases compared to reproductive phase. The erythrocyte activities of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT were significantly decreased during perimenopausal and postmenopausal phases compared to reproductive phase. It was observed that MDA showed positive correlation with LH and FSH while a negative correlation with estradiol and progesterone was observed; whereas, antioxidants showed negative correlation with LH and FSH while a positive correlation with estradiol and progesterone. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that normal perimenopausal and postmenopausal phase are associated with oxidative stress. Therefore it may be of benefit when both phases are being managed in term of hormonal deficit if antioxidant is an adjunct.

Evaluation of nutritional status using body fat, physiological and biochemical parameters in some Nigerian women.

Some nutritional parameters were investigated in 62 healthy Nigerian female subjects of low socio-economic status. The percentage body fat (% BF) and some biochemical parameters, High and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), Total Plasma Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Uric Acid (UA), Urinary Creatinine (U-Cr), Creatinine in plasma (P-Cr) and Creatinine clearance (Cr-CI), were evaluated. Also determined were the Body Mass Index (BMI), Packed Cell Volume, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP-I, BP-2), various skin-fold measurements and body circumferences. Reference values were then established for these various parameters and the correlation between the various variables determined. When the subjects were stratified into four groups (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese) based on their BMI, significant differences (ANOVA, p < 0.05) were observed in LDL-C, Cr-CI, BP-I, as well as 10 out of the 13 anthropometric parameters. These differences could possibly provide diagnostic/prognostic insight for the four groups and the many important diseases associated with them. The hip circumference, in particular, has such a high correlation with both BMI and % BF that it is being suggested as a substitute for these two important parameters in Nigerian women of low socio-economic background.