Polymyalgia Rheumatica Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

There is growing evidence that infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to dysregulation of the immune system and, consequently, the development of autoimmune phenomena. Here, we describe the case of a 75-year-old woman with rheumatic manifestations characterized by intense musculoskeletal pain and stiffness in the neck and shoulders, with sudden onset and with the inability to raise her arms. The patient was admitted with severe pain located in the neck and shoulders. Previously, she had oropharyngeal pain, severe fatigue, and fever; a real-time polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19 was positive. Two weeks later, the patient presented localized musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulders. Relevant laboratory results included an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 46 mm/hr and a negative rheumatoid factor test; ultrasound findings with bilateral subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis were observed. A diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) was initially made according to the EULAR/ACR provisional classification criteria for PMR; however, due to C-reactive protein negativity, the diagnosis was established based on symptoms. Management was with prednisone at the dose of 25 mg/day for 4 weeks and progressive reduction until prednisone suspension. The patient showed complete recovery at 6 months of follow-up. In this case, COVID-19 was implicated in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic manifestations. PMR is a rare rheumatic condition that should be included in the wide range of rheumatologic manifestations expressed post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Whole genomes from bacteria collected at diagnostic units around the world 2020.

The Two Weeks in the World research project has resulted in a dataset of 3087 clinically relevant bacterial genomes with pertaining metadata, collected from 59 diagnostic units in 35 countries around the world during 2020. A relational database is available with metadata and summary data from selected bioinformatic analysis, such as species prediction and identification of acquired resistance genes.

Clinical and cone beam computed tomography outcomes of maxillary anterior implant restorations after immediate implant placement with interim restorations: A 1- to 14-year retrospective analysis.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Achieving and maintaining optimal tissue health and esthetics when immediately placing maxillary anterior implants with interim restorations has been challenging and the clinical outcomes heterogenous. PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of immediate placement of maxillary anterior implants with interim restorations and compare the tomographic and clinical results before and after implant placement in participants followed for 1 to 14 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty participants receiving 25 postextraction single implants in the anterior maxilla were studied. Clinical parameters included pink esthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES), peri-implant phenotype, implant probing, plaque index, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to compare initial and at least 1 year after crown placement (postoperative). For qualitative variables, a descriptive analysis was carried out. The PES and WES results were analyzed by using nonparametric statistics, the median (ME) and the interquartile range (IQR) were used as summary measures, and the Wilcoxon sum of signs test was used to compare the total scores between the intervention area and the contralateral tooth. To compare pre- and postoperative data points, the paired t test was used (α=.05). RESULTS: Mean ±standard deviation (SD) time of follow-up was 7.6 ±4.2 years. Twenty participants with a mean ±SD age of 62.4 ±11.0 years old received 25 implants. Mean ±SD initial torque value at implant placement was 38.6 ±9.63 Ncm. Bone height at the top of the alveolar ridge (BH) and bone width at the middle of the alveolar ridge (BW2) showed a statistically significant decrease between the initial and subsequent CBCT measurements (both P<.001). Likewise, the bone width at the alveolar crest (BW1) showed a statistically significant decrease between the initial and post-CBCT measurements (P=.006). Facial bone integrity (FBI) revealed a statistically significant increase between the initial and postoperative time periods (P<.001). The PES index showed a median of 9.0 IQR (8-10), statistically lower than the contralateral tooth (P=.032). No significant differences were found for the WES index or for FBI, regardless of the peri-implant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate implant placement in the maxillary anterior sextant was found to be a predictable procedure with good esthetic results when the protocol described was used. Labial bone loss is inevitable after tooth extraction but can be compensated for by filling the space with a xenograft material. Long-term gingival tissue integrity was maintained, regardless of phenotype, in periodontally healthy participants.

Increased Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Bacteria in Latin America and the Caribbean during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During 2020-2021, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean reported clinical emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales that had not been previously characterized locally, increased prevalence of carbapenemases that had previously been detected, and co-production of multiple carbapenemases in some isolates. These increases were likely fueled by changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including empirical antibiotic use for potential COVID-19-related bacterial infections and healthcare limitations resulting from the rapid rise in COVID-19 cases. Strengthening antimicrobial resistance surveillance, epidemiologic research, and infection prevention and control programs and antimicrobial stewardship in clinical settings can help prevent emergence and transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.

The High Clinical Burden of Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis is Associated with Clinical Findings, Pain, and Radiographic Severity.

Varying reports exist on the clinical impact of erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) in terms of pain and articular function. Few studies have assessed the association of a patient's clinical features with the presence of more severe radiographic disease. The aim was to evaluate clinical and radiographic characteristics in EHOA comparing with non-erosive (NEHOA); to examine pain and functional impairment between EHOA and NEHOA; and correlate functional impairment with clinical findings, pain, and radiographic severity. METHODS: 62 patients with EHOA and 57 with NEHO were included. Pain was assessed through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) pain subdomain. Functioning was evaluated with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) concerning hand function and AUSCAN. Radiographs were scored with the Kallman scale and subchondral erosions with the Verbruggen-Veys method. Student t-tests were used for comparing quantitative data, chi-squared tests for categorical variables, and Pearson or Spearman tests for assessing correlation. RESULTS: Patients with EHOA reported significantly higher levels of pain on the VAS and AUSCAN (p<0.01). In EHOA, VAS positively correlated with the HAQ and AUSCAN scales (rho=0.68 and 0.77). In NEHOA, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) positively and strongly correlated with HAQ and AUSCAN (rho=0.84 and 0.89). Nodes, Kallman score and erosions showed a positive but weak correlation with HAQ and AUSCAN in both groups. CONCLUSION: Both EHOA and NEHOA participants had functional impairment, but the erosive subtype had higher clinical burden and increased joint damage. This higher clinical burden is attributed mainly to pain.

The High Clinical Burden of Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis is Associated with Clinical Findings, Pain, and Radiographic Severity / La elevada carga clínica de la osteoartritis erosiva de mano está asociada con hallazgos clínicos, dolor y severidad radiográfica

Varying reports exist on the clinical impact of erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) in terms of pain and articular function. Few studies have assessed the association of a patient's clinical features with the presence of more severe radiographic disease. The aim was to evaluate clinical and radiographic characteristics in EHOA comparing with non-erosive (NEHOA); to examine pain and functional impairment between EHOA and NEHOA; and correlate functional impairment with clinical findings, pain, and radiographic severity. Methods: 62 patients with EHOA and 57 with NEHO were included. Pain was assessed through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) pain subdomain. Functioning was evaluated with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) concerning hand function and AUSCAN. Radiographs were scored with the Kallman scale and subchondral erosions with the Verbruggen–Veys method. Student t-tests were used for comparing quantitative data, chi-squared tests for categorical variables, and Pearson or Spearman tests for assessing correlation. Results: Patients with EHOA reported significantly higher levels of pain on the VAS and AUSCAN (p<0.01). In EHOA, VAS positively correlated with the HAQ and AUSCAN scales (rho=0.68 and 0.77). In NEHOA, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) positively and strongly correlated with HAQ and AUSCAN (rho=0.84 and 0.89). Nodes, Kallman score and erosions showed a positive but weak correlation with HAQ and AUSCAN in both groups. Conclusion: Both EHOA and NEHOA participants had functional impairment, but the erosive subtype had higher clinical burden and increased joint damage. This higher clinical burden is attributed mainly to pain.(AU)

Existen estudios sobre el impacto clínico de la osteoartritis erosiva de mano (OAEM) en términos de dolor y función articular. Pocos estudios han evaluado la asociación de las características clínicas del paciente con OAEM con la presencia de enfermedad radiográfica más grave. El objetivo fue evaluar las características clínicas y radiográficas en OAEM comparándolas con osteoartritis de mano no erosiva (OANEM), examinar el dolor y deterioro funcional entre OAEM y OANEM y correlacionar el deterioro funcional con los hallazgos clínicos, dolor y severidad radiográfica. Métodos: Se incluyeron 62 pacientes con OAEM y 52 con OANEM. El dolor se evaluó con Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) y el subdominio de dolor de AUSCAN. La capacidad funcional se evaluó con Health Assessment Questionaire (HAQ) relativo a la función de la mano y AUSCAN. Las radiografías se evaluaron con la escala de Kallman y las erosiones subcondrales con el método Verbruggen-Veys. Se utilizó t de Student para comparar datos cuantitativos, χ2 para variables categóricas, pruebas de Pearson o Spearman para evaluar la correlación. Resultados: Los pacientes con OAEM presentaron niveles significativamente más altos de dolor en EVA y el subdominio de dolor de AUSCAN (p<0,01) y de deterioro funcional por HAQ y Índice de manos de Osteoartritis Australiano/Canadiense (AUSCAN) (p<0,01). En OAEM, VAS correlacionó positivamente con las escalas HAQ y AUSCAN (rho=0,68 y 0,77). En OANEM, VAS se correlacionó positiva y fuertemente con HAQ y AUSCAN (rho=0,84 y 0,89). Los nódulos, puntuación de Kallman y erosiones mostraron una correlación positiva pero débil con HAQ y AUSCAN en ambos grupos. Conclusión: Los participantes con osteoartritis erosiva y no erosiva de mano presentaron deterioro funcional, pero el subtipo erosivo presentó mayor carga clínica y daño articular. La mayor carga clínica fue atribuida al dolor.(AU)

Critical Limb Ischemia as a Rare Presentation of Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura.

BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura is a rare fibroblastic neoplasm. It is commonly found incidentally on imaging and is usually benign but has significant potential to recur as a malignant tumor. Patients present asymptomatically or with pulmonary symptoms such as cough or shortness of breath. Cardiac invasion of an SFT can create an avenue for peripheral tumor embolization and critical limb ischemia, as in this case report. There is no prior published report of recurring malignant SFT presenting as critical limb ischemia. CASE REPORT We report a rare presentation of malignant SFT recurrence in a 57-year-old woman with critical limb ischemia of both lower extremities secondary to bilateral tumor emboli. The patient's primary tumor was treated with surgical resection alone. Upon recurrence, the tumor growth was so extensive that it was no longer amenable to surgical resection at the time of her critical limb ischemia. The patient presented with bilateral numbness and tingling, without any pulmonary symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Although it is sporadic, clinicians should know that an aggressive malignant SFT can embolize and present as critical limb ischemia. The possibility of tumor emboli provides a pressing reason to surgically resect SFT masses in their early stages before any cardiac invasion.

Epistasis Between Two Gene Variants of Leptin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Genes in the Development of Primary Knee Osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: The association of leptin (LEP) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) genes with the susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been analyzed; however, the epistasis between them has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze the association of LEP and VEGFA variants and their interaction with primary knee OA in a Mexican Mestizo population. METHODS: A case-control study was developed. Cases were ≥40 years, BMI ≤27 kg/m2, with primary knee OA and radiologic Grade ≥2. Controls were participants with no knee OA and a radiologic Grade < 2. The rs2167270 of LEP and rs2010963 of VEGFA were genotyped. Genotypic association was tested under codominant, dominant, and recessive models. Uni- and multi-variate analyses were developed through non-conditional logistic regression. The multifactor dimensionality reduction algorithm was developed to detect epistasis. RESULTS: Participants comprised 103 cases and 179 controls. Allelic and genotypic distributions did not show differences between the groups. Notwithstanding, a statistically significant interaction was observed between the LEP and VEGFA genes (p = 0.02) with a testing accuracy of 0.5199 and cross-validation consistency of 10/10. This interaction model confers an increased risk to knee OA (OR [95% CI] = 1.8 [1.1-2.9]). CONCLUSION: Interaction between LEP and VEGFA is related with genetic susceptibility to developing primary knee OA.

Comprehensive Analysis of Plant Lipids Using Sub-2-µm Particle CO2-Based Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry.

Lipids play an essential role in plants, and historically manipulating their levels and composition has been an important target for metabolic engineering. A variety of analytical techniques, many based on mass spectrometry, have been utilized for lipid profiling, but the analysis of complex lipid mixtures still poses significant analytical challenges. Recent advances in technology have revived the supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) as a promising separation technique for lipid analysis. Utilization of sub-2-µm particle columns improves the separation efficiency and robustness of the SFC systems. The combination of SFC with sub-2-µm particle separation, commonly referred as ultra-performance convergence chromatography, has been successfully used for separation of both polar and neutral lipids. In this chapter, we present a simple method for lipid class separation using Sub-2-µm particle CO2-based chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The supercritical fluid chromatography methodology is flexible and can be altered to provide greater retention and separation of lipid classes or individual lipids within class.

A custom screw-retained implant-supported prosthesis for a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta: An 8-year clinical follow-up.

This clinical report with an 8-year follow-up describes the multidisciplinary management of a patient diagnosed with amelogenesis imperfecta. The rehabilitation included horizontal-guided bone regeneration, implant placement, use of a fixed interim prosthesis to preview the correction of occlusal disharmonies, and placement of a custom screw-retained definitive implant-supported restoration with a design that was retrievable and minimized maintenance problems.

Options for the Treatment of Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma.

OPINION STATEMENT: Complete surgical resection is the gold-standard treatment for all mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) cases. Advanced-stage disease is often additionally treated with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy; however, these were developed largely against the more common high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and have low efficacy in treating MOC. More effective therapeutics are needed to treat late-stage and platinum-resistant tumors; however, traditional drug development and clinical trial paradigms are a major challenge for such a rare disease. New approaches to support evidence-based treatment decisions are required, such as registry trials. Recently, a number of targeted therapies have emerged as viable treatment options in other cancer types, and for some of these, the actionable tumor mutations are also seen in MOC. Thus, a promising alternative approach to provide benefit to current MOC patients involves DNA sequencing to identify a tumor's unique mutational profile and allow matching to available targeted agents. Such a pipeline can involve special approval to administer a drug already approved for clinical use in other cancer types to a given MOC patient, or their inclusion in existing ongoing clinical trials, such as basket trials encompassing patients with tumors from a range of anatomical sites. Implementation of such personalized medicine can be boosted using improved pre-clinical models, where through a clinical research collaboration a patient's own tumor cells can be used to a test a range of putative therapies prior to administration in the clinic, enabling selection of the available pharmaceutical/s that give any given patient the best possible chance of cancer remission.

Expression of ssa-miR-155 during ISAV infection in vitro: Putative role as a modulator of the immune response in Salmo salar.

Multiple cellular components are involved in pathogen-host interaction during viral infection; in this context, the role of miRNAs have become highly relevant. We assessed the expression of selected miRNAs during an in vitro infection of a Salmo salar cell line with Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV), the causative agent of a severe disease by the same name. Salmon orthologs for miRNAs that regulate antiviral responses were measured using RT-qPCR in an in vitro time-course assay. We observed a modulation of specific miRNAs expression, where ssa-miR-155-5p was differentially over-expressed. Using in silico analysis, we identified the putative mRNA targets for ssa-miR-155-5p, finding a high prevalence of hosts immune response-related genes; moreover, several mRNAs involved in the viral infective process were also identified as targets for this miRNA. Our results suggest a relevant role for miR-155-5p in Salmo salar during an ISAV infection as a regulator of the immune response to the virus.

The High Clinical Burden of Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis is Associated with Clinical Findings, Pain, and Radiographic Severity.

Varying reports exist on the clinical impact of erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) in terms of pain and articular function. Few studies have assessed the association of a patient's clinical features with the presence of more severe radiographic disease. The aim was to evaluate clinical and radiographic characteristics in EHOA comparing with non-erosive (NEHOA); to examine pain and functional impairment between EHOA and NEHOA; and correlate functional impairment with clinical findings, pain, and radiographic severity. METHODS: 62 patients with EHOA and 57 with NEHO were included. Pain was assessed through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) pain subdomain. Functioning was evaluated with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) concerning hand function and AUSCAN. Radiographs were scored with the Kallman scale and subchondral erosions with the Verbruggen-Veys method. Student t-tests were used for comparing quantitative data, chi-squared tests for categorical variables, and Pearson or Spearman tests for assessing correlation. RESULTS: Patients with EHOA reported significantly higher levels of pain on the VAS and AUSCAN (p<0.01). In EHOA, VAS positively correlated with the HAQ and AUSCAN scales (rho=0.68 and 0.77). In NEHOA, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) positively and strongly correlated with HAQ and AUSCAN (rho=0.84 and 0.89). Nodes, Kallman score and erosions showed a positive but weak correlation with HAQ and AUSCAN in both groups. CONCLUSION: Both EHOA and NEHOA participants had functional impairment, but the erosive subtype had higher clinical burden and increased joint damage. This higher clinical burden is attributed mainly to pain.

Refined cut-off for TP53 immunohistochemistry improves prediction of TP53 mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors: implications for outcome analyses.

TP53 mutations are implicated in the progression of mucinous borderline tumors (MBOT) to mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOC). Optimized immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TP53 has been established as a proxy for the TP53 mutation status in other ovarian tumor types. We aimed to confirm the ability of TP53 IHC to predict TP53 mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors and to evaluate the association of TP53 mutation status with survival among patients with MBOT and MOC. Tumor tissue from an initial cohort of 113 women with MBOT/MOC was stained with optimized IHC for TP53 using tissue microarrays (75.2%) or full sections (24.8%) and interpreted using established criteria as normal or abnormal (overexpression, complete absence, or cytoplasmic). Cases were considered concordant if abnormal IHC staining predicted deleterious TP53 mutations. Discordant tissue microarray cases were re-evaluated on full sections and interpretational criteria were refined. The initial cohort was expanded to a total of 165 MBOT and 424 MOC for the examination of the association of survival with TP53 mutation status, assessed either by TP53 IHC and/or sequencing. Initially, 82/113 (72.6%) cases were concordant using the established criteria. Refined criteria for overexpression to account for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation improved concordance to 93.8% (106/113). In the expanded cohort, 19.4% (32/165) of MBOT showed evidence for TP53 mutation and this was associated with a higher risk of recurrence, disease-specific death, and all-cause mortality (overall survival: HR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.5-14.3, p = 0.0087). Within MOC, 61.1% (259/424) harbored a TP53 mutation, but this was not associated with survival (overall survival, p = 0.77). TP53 IHC is an accurate proxy for TP53 mutation status with refined interpretation criteria accounting for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation in ovarian mucinous tumors. TP53 mutation status is an important biomarker to identify MBOT with a higher risk of mortality.

Genomic Epidemiology of Salmonella Infantis in Ecuador: From Poultry Farms to Human Infections.

Salmonella enterica is one of the most important foodborne pathogens around the world. In the last years, S. enterica serovar Infantis has become an important emerging pathogen in many countries, often as multidrug resistant clones. To understand the importance of S. enterica in the broiler industry in Ecuador, we performed a study based on phenotypic and WGS data of isolates from poultry farms, chicken carcasses and humans. We showed a high prevalence of S. enterica in poultry farms (41.4%) and chicken carcasses (55.5%), but a low prevalence (1.98%) in human samples. S. Infantis was shown to be the most prevalent serovar with a 98.2, 97.8, and 50% in farms, foods, and humans, respectively, presenting multidrug resistant patterns. All sequenced S. Infantis isolates belonged to ST32. For the first time, a pESI-related megaplasmid was identified in Ecuadorian samples. This plasmid contains genes of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and environmental stress tolerance. Genomic analysis showed a low divergence of S. Infantis strains in the three analyzed components. The results from this study provide important information about genetic elements that may help understand the molecular epidemiology of S. Infantis in Ecuador.

Gota tofácea en la columna lumbar causando radiculopatía / Tophaceous gout in the lumbar spine causing radiculopathy

Los depósitos de tofos en columna lumbar son una condición rara. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 44 años con dolor lumbar y radiculopatía. Las radiografías mostraron espondilolistesis lítica de L5, la resonancia magnética (RM) imagen hipointensa en T1 y heterogénea en T2 localizado en el espacio interespinoso L4-L5 y en articulación facetaria izquierda que invade el neuroforamen izquierdo. El ultrasonido de rodilla izquierda (RI) evidenció «doble contorno» del cóndilo femoral medial. Se realizó laminectomía descompresiva y artrodesis de L5-S1, el estudio histopatológico reportó material amorfo con reacción de células gigantes multinucleadas de tipo a cuerpo extraño

Tophaceous deposits in lumbar spine is considered a rare condition. We report the case of a 44-year-old patient with low back pain and radiculopathy. Radiographs revealed lytic spondylolisthesis in L5. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hypointense signal on T1 and a heterogeneous signal on T2 located in the L4-L5 interspinous space and in the left facet joint that invades left neuroforamen. The left knee ultrasound showed «double contour» of the medial femoral condyle. Decompressive laminectomy with arthrodesis at the level of L5-S1 was performed. The histological examination revealed amorphous material with a foreign body giant cell reaction

Fallo terapéutico del bloqueo de ramo medial lumbar y su relación con la obesidad. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo / Therapeutic failure of the lumbar medial branch block and its relation to obesity. Retrospective cohort study

OBJETIVO: Comparar la frecuencia de fallo terapéutico del bloqueo de ramo medial lumbar bilateral en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico axial, obesos con no obesos, en un centro de atención de dolor crónico del occidente colombiano durante un año. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional de seguimiento a una cohorte retrospectiva. Se revisaron las historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes, mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos, a quienes se les realizó bloqueo de ramo medial lumbar bilateral por dolor lumbar crónico axial, que contaron con registro de índice de masa corporal, y control posprocedimiento entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2018. Se registraron los valores de calificación de dolor por la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) antes y después del procedimiento. Se consideró fallo terapéutico cuando la mejoría de dolor fue menor al 50 % del valor de EVA inicial (4), y se aplicó un análisis por otras variables modificadoras reportadas en la literatura. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 190 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 56,8 años (± 13,5), el 49,5 % de sexo femenino, el 66,3 % fueron empleados, el 17,4 % amas de casa, el 8,9 % independientes, y el 7,4 % pensionados. El 29 % mostró un IMC normal, el 42,6 % sobrepeso y el 28,4 % obesidad. La monoterapia más frecuente fue el acetaminofén en un 12,1 %, una tercera parte de los pacientes había recibido terapia física. El 23,7 % tuvo historia de intervencionismo previa y la mayoría de estos habían tenido una respuesta positiva. El porcentaje de fallo terapéutico fue de 54,7 % (104 pacientes), y las variables que mostraron asociación estadística con esta fueron: la edad (p = 0,014), la respuesta previa al intervencionismo (p = 0,014) y tiempo de evolución del dolor (p = 0,045). El porcentaje de obesidad entre los que presentaron fallo terapéutico fue del 76,9 %, mientras que en los que no la presentaron fue del 64 % (p = 0,05). En el análisis multivariado, las variables que mostraron significancia estadística frente a fallo terapéutico fueron: edad menor de 50 años OR 2,7, IC [1,37 - 5,34] p = 0,004, y sobrepeso OR 2,36, IC [1,11 - 5,04], p = 0,026. CONCLUSIÓN: En este estudio se encontró evidencia de que el sobrepeso se asocia al fallo terapéutico en el bloqueo de ramo medial lumbar, aunque no sucedió lo mismo con la obesidad

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of therapeutic failure of bilateral lumbar facet block in patients with chronic axial low back pain, obese with non-obese, in a chronic pain care center in western Colombia for one year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational analytical follow-up study of a retrospective cohort was performed electronic medical records of patients were reviewed, the patients were over 18 years old, of both sexes, bilateral lumbar facet block was performed due to chronic axial low back pain, they had a record of body mass index, and post-procedure control between the 1st of January and December 31, 2018. Pain score values were recorded by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the procedure. Therapeutic failure was considered when the improvement in pain was less than 50 % of the initial VAS value (4), and an analysis was applied for other modifying variables reported in the literature. RESULTS: 190 patients were included, with an average age of 56.8 years (± 13.5), 49.5 % female, 66.3 % were employees, 17.4 % housewives, 8,9 % independent, and 7,4 % pensioners. 29 % showed a normal BMI, 42.6 % overweight, and 28.4 % obesity. The most frequent monotherapy was acetaminophen in 12.1 %, a third of the patients had received physical therapy. 23.7 % had a history of previous interventionism and most of these had a positive response. The percentage of therapeutic failure was 54.7 % (104 patients); and the variables that showed statistical association with this were: age (p = 0.014), the previous response to interventionism (p = 0.014), and time of evolution of pain (p = 0.045). The percentage of obesity among those who presented therapeutic failure was 76.9 %, while in those who did not present it, it was 64 % (p = 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, the variables that showed statistical significance against therapeutic failure were: age younger than 50 years OR 2.7, CI [1.37 - 5.34] p = 0.004; and overweight OR 2.36, IC [1.11 - 5.04], p = 0.026. CONCLUSION: In this study, evidence that being overweight is associated with therapeutic failure in lumbar facet block was found, although the same did not happen with obesity

Expression of DC-SIGN-like C-Type Lectin Receptors in Salmo salar.

C-Type Lectin Receptors (CTLR) are involved in the activation of innate and adaptative immune responses. Among these receptors, the Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3-Grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN/CD209) has become a hot topic due to its ability to bind and facilitate the infections processes of several pathogens. Although well characterized in mammals, little documentation exists about the receptor in salmonid fishes. Here, we report the sequence and expression analysis of eight DC-SIGN-like genes in Salmo salar. Each receptor displays structural similarities to DC-SIGN molecules described in mammals, including internalization motifs, a neck region with heptad repeats, and a Ca+2-dependent carbohydrate recognition domain. The receptors are expressed in multiple tissues of fish, and fish cell lines, with differential expression upon infection with viral and bacterial pathogens. The identification of DC-SIGN-like receptors in Salmo salar provides new information regarding the structure of the immune system of salmon, potential markers for cell subsets, as well as insights into DC-SIGN conservation across species.

Microfiltración coronal según materiales de restauración temporal empleados en endodoncia / Coronal microleakage according to the temporary restorative materials used in endodontic treatment

RESUMEN Introducción: La microfiltración coronal causada por los materiales de restauración temporal es considerada una de las causas del fracaso de los tratamientos endodónticos. A raíz de ello, en los últimos años se ha buscado crear un material de restauración temporal que sea capaz de evitar este problema. Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la microfiltración coronal de un cemento experimental y cuatro materiales de restauración temporal usados en endodoncia. Métodos: Se realizaron cavidades clase I en 90 premolares, divididos en 10 grupos (n= 9) y evaluados en dos periodos de tiempo (1 y 2 semanas). Se realizó la elaboración del cemento experimental, posteriormente se llevó a cabo el sellado coronal de las piezas dentales con el cemento experimental, Clip F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) y Coltosol® F. Los especímenes fueron sumergidos en tinta china (Pelikan) durante 1 y 2 semanas. Se evaluó la microfiltración en la interfase pared dentinaria-restauración temporal utilizando un esteromicroscopio (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ versión 2.0.0). La medición se realizó en milímetros en el programa LAS EZ versión 2.0.0. Resultados: Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) al comparar la microfiltración coronal de los cinco materiales de restauración temporal, según el tiempo de exposición en tinta (1 y 2 semanas). Conclusiones: El cemento experimental presentó menor microfiltración que el Coltosol® F y Ketac™ Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE); sin embargo, ninguno de los cuatro materiales fue capaz de prevenir la microfiltración en su totalidad(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronal microleakage caused by temporary restorative materials is viewed as one of the reasons for endodontic failure. Efforts have been made in recent years to create a temporary restorative material capable of preventing that problem. Objective: Compare in vitro coronal microleakage of an "experimental cement" and four temporary restorative materials used in endodontics. Methods: Class I cavities were made in 90 premolar teeth divided into 10 groups (n= 9) and evaluated at two time periods (1 and 2 weeks). The "experimental cement" was prepared and then coronal sealing of the teeth was performed with the experimental Cement, F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) and Coltosol® F. The pieces were submerged in India ink (Pelikan)for 1 and 2 weeks. Microleakage was evaluated on the interface dentin wall / temporary restoration using a stereo microscope (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ version 2.0.0). Measurement was made in millimeters using the software LAS EZ version 2.0.0. Results: Statistically significant differences were found (p < 0.05) when comparing coronal microleakage in the five temporary restorative materials according to exposure time in ink (1 and 2 weeks). Conclusions: The experimental cement had less microleakage than Coltosol® F and Ketac™ Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE). However, none of the four materials was capable of completely preventing microleakage(AU)